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PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

BAY CITY MIDDLEGROUNDS
BAY CITY, BAY COUNTY, MICHIGAN

Table 12. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water of the Saginaw River near the BCM site, from MDNR investigations (1988, 8/89), the RI (1989), and the ESI (1992).

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
Chemical	Date	upstream	downstream	Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
1,4-dichlorobenzene	1988	–	0.38	15	75^MG, carcinogen
	1989	ND (10)	ND (10)	1
	1992	ND (10)	ND (10)	3
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene	1988	–	0.041	15	100^R
	1989	ND (10)	ND (10)	1
	1992	ND (10)	ND (10)	3
arsenic	1989	3	3	1	3^E, 0.02^C
arsenic	1992	ND (6)	ND (6)	3	3^E, 0.02^C
barium	1988	–	39	15	700^R
	1989	190	290	1
	1992	32.7J	33.2J	3
chromium	1989	2	1	1	10,000^R (III) 50^R, 3^C (VI)
chromium	1992	ND (3)	3.4J	3	10,000^R (III) 50^R, 3^C (VI)
lead	1989	ND (1)	ND (1)	1	15^PL, carcinogen
lead	1992	3	3.2	3	15^PL, carcinogen
manganese	1992	31.2	34.6	3	50^R
PCBs (total)	8/89	0.0032	0.0104	21	0.2^E, 0.005^C
	1989	ND (0.1)	ND (0.1)	1
	1992	ND (1)	ND (1)	3
zinc	1989	17	12	1	3,000^R
zinc	1992	ND (4)	4.3J	3	3,000^R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

J – Estimated Concentration: below Contract Required Detection Level, but above Instrument Detection Limit
ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)
– = Not Reported
(III)– For chromium(III)
(VI)– For chromium(VI)
carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
PL – U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
MG – U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

Table 13. Concentrations of PCBs in surface water samples collected from the Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay, August 1989.

Location	Dissolved PCBs (ppt)	Total PCBs (ppt)
Shiawassee River Mouth	0.7	5.0
Tittabawassee River Mouth	1.6	3.8
Downstream of Saginaw WWTP	1.5	1.7
(Middleground Island) (no samples collected)
Upstream of GMC-CPC (Bay City)	2.9	10.4
Between CPC and Bay City WWTP	4.6	17.6
Midway between Bay City WWTP and mouth	5.2	17.2
Saginaw Bay	1.0-1.7	4.8-5.6

Reference: 21

WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant

Comparison Values (drinking water, in ppt): 200 (EMEG), 5 (CREG)

Table 14. Concentrations of PCBs in surface sediment samples collected from the Saginaw River near Middleground Island, 1988.

Location	Concentration Range (ppm)
Above Saginaw	0.019-0.11
Above G.M. Saginaw Foundry	0.018-0.14
Saginaw, between Foundry and WWTP	0.16-0.17
Below Saginaw WWTP	0.14-0.26
Between Saginaw and Bay City	0.024-0.089
West Channel	0.050-0.22
East Channel	0.024-0.31
Between Middlegrounds Island and G.M. Plant	0.030-0.17
Below Bay City G.M. Plant	0.024-0.56
Below Bay City WWTP	0.13-0.71
Essexville	0.12-1.6
Saginaw River Mouth	0.090-0.60
Saginaw Bay	0.0012-0.17

Reference: 21

WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant

Comparison Values (soil, in ppm): 0.04 (EMEG), 0.09 (CREG)

Table 15. Concentrations of PCBs in subsurface sediment samples collected from the Saginaw River downstream from Middleground Island, 1988.

Location	Concentration Range (ppm)
Between Middlegrounds Island and G.M. Plant	0.0058-4.2
Below Bay City G.M. Plant	0.21-1.9
Below Bay City WWTP	0.021-4.0
Saginaw River Mouth	0.0023-0.84
Saginaw Bay	0.0012-0.18

Reference: 21

WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant

Comparison Values (soil, in ppm): 0.04 (EMEG), 0.09 (CREG)

Table 16. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in the sediment of the Saginaw River near the BCM site, from the RI (1989) and the ESI (1992).

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
Chemical	Date	upstream	downstream	Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
acenaphthylene	1992	ND	0.16J	3	NA
benzo(a)anthracene	1992	0.12J	2.4	3	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1992	0.12J	1.7	3	0.1^C
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1992	ND	0.51	3	NA
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1992	0.19J	2.6	3	carcinogen
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1992	0.061J	0.91	3	carcinogen
chrysene	1992	0.15J	2.3	3	carcinogen
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	1992	ND	0.13J	3	carcinogen
indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene	1992	ND	0.71	3	carcinogen
2-methylnaphthalene	1992	ND	0.2J	3	NA
naphthalene	1992	ND	0.46	3	NA
phenanthrene	1992	0.15J	4	3	NA
carbazole	1992	ND	0.66	3	NA
dibenzofuran	1992	ND	0.36	3	NA
PCBs	1992	ND	0.87	3	0.04^E, 0.09^C
gamma-BHC	1992	ND	0.01	3	0.6^E, carcinogen
delta-BHC	1992	0.001J	0.0038	3	NA
1,3-dichlorobenzene	1992	ND	0.056J	3	NA
1,4-dichlorobenzene	1992	ND	0.23J	3	carcinogen
4-methylphenol	1992	ND	0.039J	3	carcinogen
arsenic	1989	16	39	1	0.6^E, 0.4^C
arsenic	1992	7	21.2	3	0.6^E, 0.4^C
barium	1989	100	170	1	100^R
barium	1992	60.3	130	3	100^R
beryllium	1989	0.4	0.8	1	10^R, 0.2^C
beryllium	1992	0.65J	0.81J	3	10^R, 0.2^C
chromium	1989	21	47	1	2,000^R (III) 10^R, 60^C (VI)
chromium	1992	19.8	60.7	3	2,000^R (III) 10^R, 60^C (VI)
cobalt	1989	5	7	1	NA
cobalt	1992	5.7J	7.3J	3	NA
copper	1989	19	35	1	NA
copper	1992	16	43.8	3	NA
lead	1989	17	32	1	carcinogen
lead	1992	28.7J	123	3	carcinogen
manganese	1992	198	339	3	300^R
vanadium	1992	16.B	18.4B	3	NA
zinc	1989	220	290	1	600^R
zinc	1992	78.3	283	3	600^R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected
J – Estimated Concentration: below Contract Required Detection Level, but above Instrument Detection Limit
(III) – For chromium(III)
(VI) – For chromium(VI)
NA – None Available
carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 17. Contaminants in fish collected from the Saginaw River near the BCM site, 1986, 1992.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)				Reference	MDCH Level of Concern (ppm)
		Carp		Walleye
		Whole fish	Skin-off fillets	Whole fish	Skin-on fillets
cadmium	1986	0.05	0.01	ND (0.01)	ND (0.01)	22	0-5.5⁽¹⁷⁾
chromium	1986	ND (0.1)	ND (0.1)	0.13	ND (0.1)	22	1⁽¹⁷⁾
copper	1986	1.8	0.8	0.6	0.5	22	10-100⁽¹⁷⁾
lead	1986	0.14	ND (0.1)	ND (0.1)	ND (0.1)	22	0.5-10⁽¹⁷⁾
mercury	1986	ND (0.1)	0.11	ND (0.1)	0.3	22	0.5⁽¹⁸⁾
mercury	1992	–	0.2	–	–	24	0.5⁽¹⁸⁾
PCBs (total)	1986	16.2	19.2	4	0.6	22	2⁽¹⁹⁾
PCBs (total)	1992	–	24.7	–	–	24	2⁽¹⁹⁾
zinc	1986	116	27	12.7	7.2	22	30-1,000⁽¹⁷⁾
dieldrin	1992	–	0.108	–	–	24	0.3⁽¹⁹⁾
hexachlorobenzene	1992	–	0.014	–	–	24	0.2-0.5⁽¹⁷⁾
octachlorostyrene	1992	–	0.1	–	–	24	NA
4,4'-DDD	1992	–	0.729	–	–	24	5^(19),(20)
4,4'-DDE	1992	–	1.73	–	–	24
4,4'-DDT	1992	–	0.044	–	–	24
chlordane (total)	1992	–	0.41	–	–	24	0.3⁽¹⁹⁾
heptachlor epoxide	1992	–	0.039	–	–	24	0.3⁽¹⁹⁾

NA – No Level of Concern

– = Not sampled or not analyzed

Table 18. Preliminary Age-Adjusted⁽²¹⁾ Incidence and Death Rates for Cancer of All sites by County, Michigan Residents, 1990-1992.

Area	Incidence Rate	Death Rate
Bay County	403.5	179.9
Michigan	412.3	180.8

Reference: 57

Table 19. Number of New Cases of Cancer of All Sites and Age Adjusted Rates for Selected Zip Codes, 1990-1993.

Year	Zip Code 48706			Zip Code 48708			Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate
Year	# Obs.	# Exp.	SMR	# Obs.	# Exp.	SMR	48706	48708	Bay County	Michigan
1990	219	202.3	1.08	129	149.5	0.86	432.5	351.8	416.7	397.0
1991	225	211.7	1.06	133	156.4	0.85	439.4	347.2	400.5	415.7
1992	223	214.0	1.04	170	158.4	1.07	429.2	424.9	409.9	420.2
1993	219	201.9	1.08	154	149.2	1.03	427.6	391.5	395.0	398.2
1990-3	886	829.9	1.07^a	586	613.5	0.96	432.2^g	378.9	405.7	407.8

Reference: 58

# Obs.– Cases diagnosed between 1990 and 1993 and reported to the Michigan Department of Community Health, Office of the State Registrar and Division of Health Statistics by December 31, 1994.

# Exp.– Calculated by applying the age- and sex- specific incidence rates for white Michigan residents to the age- and sex-specific Zip Code area population estimates.

Age-adjusted rates are computed by the direct method, using as the standard population the age distribution of the total population of the United States as enumerated in 1970. Rates are per 100,000 in the specific group. Zip Code area populations for 1990 were used for 1990-1993.

County and State rates are for white residents only.

a – Ratio of observed to expected cases was significantly higher than 1.0 (p < 0.05).

g – Age-adjusted Zip Code area rate is significantly greater than state rate (p < 0.05).

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