ATSDR - PHA - U.S. DEFENSE GENERAL SUPPLY CENTER, RICHMOND, CHESTERFIELD COUNTY, VIRGINIA

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PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

U.S. DEFENSE GENERAL SUPPLY CENTER
RICHMOND, CHESTERFIELD COUNTY, VIRGINIA

Table 1: 1990 Census Data for DGSC Area

Block
Group 1 Block
Group 2 Block
Group 3

Total
persons 1,231 213 142

% Male

33.3 46.0 63.4

% Female 66.7 54.0 36.6

% White

51.7 94.4 69.7

% Black

47.3 4.2 26.1

% Other
races 1.0 1.4 4.2

% Younger
than 10

44.9 9.4 21.8

% Age 65
and over 2.4 15.5 2.1

Households*

480 100 33

Persons per
household

2.56 2.13 3.03

% Owner
occupied

6.2 58.0 6.1

% Renter
occupied

93.8 42.0 93.9

Median value
of owner-
occupied units

$55,000 $49,400 $50,000

Median monthly
rent for renter-
occupied units $351 $335 $510

Reference: U.S. Bureau of the Census 1991

*= A household is defined as an occupied housing unit but does not include group quarters such as military barracks, prisons, and college dormitories.

Table 2: Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for the Open Storage Area

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values
(ppb)

Groundwater

1,1-Dichloroethylene BDL*-10 0.058^a

Tetrachloroethylene BDL-140 0^b

Trichloroethylene BDL-210 0^b

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Limit
a= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor
b= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

Table 3: Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for Area 50

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

Benzene BDL*-6.4 0^a

Chlorobenzene BDL-1,500 200^b

1,2-Dichloroethane BDL-17 0^a

1,1-Dichloroethylene BDL-19 0.058^c

T-1,2-Dichloroethylene BDL-13,000 100^a

Tetrachloroethylene BDL-3,000 0^a

Trichloroethylene BDL-18,000 0^a

Vinyl Chloride BDL-65 0^a

Benzo(a)anthracene NT**-7 0^a

Benzo(k)fluoranthene NT-14 0^a

Chrysene NT-9 0^a

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Limit
**NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for all samples
a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
b= Calculated from the Reference Dose for ingestion by a child
c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor

Table 4: Contaminants of Concern for the National Guard Area

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison
Values (ppb)

Groundwater Surface Water

Inside NGA* Outside NGA

Arsenic NT** NT BDL***-520 0.0022^a

Beryllium NT NT NT-0.41 0.0068^a

Lead NT NT BDL-430 50^a

Nickel NT NT NT-230 13.4^a

Benzene BDL-6.4 BDL BDL 0^b

1,2-Dichloroethane BDL-190 BDL-8.2 NI**** 0^b

1,1-Dichloroethylene BDL-45 BDL-7.1 NI 0.058^c

T-1,2-Dichloroethylene BDL-620 BDL-850 BDL-110 100^b

1,2-Dichloropropane BDL-240 BDL NI 0^b

Tetrachloroethylene BDL-1,100 BDL-37 BDL-5 0^b

Trichloroethylene BDL-7,100 BDL-2,400 BDL-190 0^b

PAHs
Chrysene NT NT NT-16 0.0028^a

Indeno(1,2,3)Pyrene NI NI NT-47 0.0028^a

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b, CH2M Hill 1991)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*NGA= National Guard Area
**NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for samples
***BDL= Below Detection Limit
****NI= No information on the chemical for the medium a= Ambient Water Quality Criteria--surface water
b= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater
c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--groundwater

Table 5: Contaminants of Concern for the Fire Training Area

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison
Values (ppb)

Groundwater Soils Soil Gas

1982 1985 1987 1988 Surface Subsurface October November

Arsenic NT* BDL@ BDL-13 BDL-6.9 1000-
10,000 BDL-
21,000 NI** NI 0^a

Beryllium NT BDL BDL-5.2 BDL-2.5 BDL-920 BDL-940 NI NI 0^a

Chromium (hexavalent) NT 45-180 NT NT 7,000-
20,000 BDL-
19,000 NI NI 50^b

Lead BDL 4.7-14 BDL-15 BDL-35 15,000-
102,000 2,300-
52,000 NI NI 0^a

Carbon Tetrachloride NT BDL BDL-
2,600 BDL NI NI NI NI 0^a

1,1-Dichloroethylene BDL-
18,000 BDL-
5,200 BDL-260 BDL-
6,500 NI NI <1-
530⁺ <1-
245⁺ 0.058^c

Methylene Chloride BDL-
781,000 BDL-
3,700 BDL-40 BDL-
53,000 B*** 6.2-46 NI NI 50^b

Tetrachloroethylene BDL-
21,000 BDL-
19,000 BDL-
1,500 BDL-
16,000 BDL BDL-
130,000 <0.05-
15 <0.05-
2.4 0^a

1,1,1-Trichloroethane BDL-
154,000 2.2-
78,000 BDL-560 BDL-
52,000 BDL BDL-
7,300 NI NI 200^a

Trichloroethylene BDL-
154,000 1-
110,000 BDL-
3,400 BDL-
8,700 BDL BDL-
76,000 <0.05-
31 <0.05-
14 0^a

Chlordane NI NI NI NI BDL-
3,200 BDL NI NI 0.54^c

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989c)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*NT= Analysis for chemical not performed on all samples; **NI= No information on the chemical in the medium; ***B= Chemical present in all blanks
+= Chemical may have been 1,1-Dichloroethane; instrument cannot distinguish; @BDL= Below Detection Limit
a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater; b= Environmental Media Evaluation Guide--drinking water; c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--soil

Table 6: Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for the Acid Neutralization Pits

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

1987 1988 Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

Arsenic BDL-4.3 BDL-2.2 0

Lead BDL-2.3 BDL-5.1 0

1,2-Dichloroethane BDL-440 BDL-170 0

T-1,2-Dichloroethylene BDL-140 NT* 100

Tetrachloroethylene BDL-1,800 BDL-3,700 0

Trichloroethylene BDL-1,400 BDL-940 0

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989a)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for samples

Table 7: Groundwater Contaminants of Concern in Monitoring Wells for Building 112
October 1992

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

Total Lead 13-56 50^a

Total Beryllium 6-16 0.008^b

Total Chromium 27-130 50^c

Reference: (Law Environmental, Inc. 1993)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Maximum Contaminant Level--groundwater
b= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide--groundwater
c= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide for children--groundwater

Table 8: Groundwater Contaminants of Concern in Monitoring Wells for the Fuel Oil Storage Area
October 1992

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

1,1,2-Trichloroethane <0.9-40 0.6^a

Tetrachloroethene <1.0-3.2 0.7^a

Trichloroethene <0.6-300,000^(A) 3.0^a

Vinyl Chloride <5.0-240^(B) 2.0^a

Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene <0.6-1,500^(A) 100.0^b

Benzene <0.2-5.2 5.0^b

1,2-Dichlorobenzene <5.0-660 600.0^b

1,4-Dichlorobenzene <6.0-480 75.0^b

Total Lead 27-49 50.0^b

Total Chromium 35-78 50.0^c

Reference: (Law Environmental, Inc. 1993)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide--groundwater
b= Maximum Contaminant Level--groundwater
c= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide for children--groundwater

A= Estimated concentration due to the dilution factor being greater than 10x.
B= Estimated concentration; concentration detected in the samples exceeded the calibration range of the instrument. Other samples had concentrations below the detection limit.

Table 9: Contaminants of Concern in Private Wells (Rayon Park Area)
May, 1985-January, 1987

Chemical Concentration Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

Benzene <0.1-1.4 0^a

1,2-Dichloroethane <0.2-6.2 0^a

1,1-Dichloroethylene <0.1-41 0.058^b

Tetrachloroethylene <0.1-4.9 0^a

1,1,1-Trichloroethane <0.2-500 200^a

Trichloroethylene <0.1-5.2 0^a

Reference: (Chesterfield Health District 1987)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater
b= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--ingestion

Table 10: Surface Water Contaminants of Concern in Kingsland Creek

Chemical Contaminant Ranges (ppb) Comparison Values (ppb)

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Tetrachloroethylene BDL*-4.6J** 0.8

Trichloroethylene BDL-18 2.7

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989c)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Level
**J= Laboratory Estimated Value

APPENDIX B. COMPARISON VALUES, HEALTH GUIDELINES,
AND QUANTITATIVE UNITS

COMPARISON VALUES, HEALTH GUIDELINES, AND QUANTITATIVE UNITS

Comparison values for ATSDR public health assessments are contaminant concentrations in specific media that are used as an aid to select contaminants for further evaluation. Those values usually appear in the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards and the Public Health Implications section of this document. Health guidelines, which usually appear in the Public Health Implications sections of this public health assessment, provide concentrations used to estimate a dose at which health effects might or might not be observed. Quantitative units express the amount of contaminant that has been detected in specific media. Those units are usually first discussed in the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section; they are described below.

Comparison Values and Health Guidelines

* AWQC = Ambient Water Quality Criteria

* CREG = Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides

* CSF = Cancer Slope Factor

* EMEG = Environmental Media Evaluation Guides

* LTHA = Lifetime Health Advisory

* MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level

* MCLG = Maximum Contaminants Level Goal

* MRL = Minimal Risk Level

* LOAEL = Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

* NOAEL = No Observed Adverse Effect Level

* RfC = Reference Concentration

* RfD = Reference Dose

* RMEG = Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide

Quantitative Units

* ppm = parts per million, (milligrams per liter, mg/L of water)

* ppb = parts per billion, (micrograms per liter, µg/L water)

* mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg; soil, sediment, or solid)

* µg/kg = micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg soil; sediment, or solid)

* kg = kilogram

* mg = milligram

* µg = microgram

* L = liter

Definition of Comparison Values and Health Guidelines

AWQC Ambient Water Quality Criteria are the recommended maximum permissible pollutant concentrations protective of aquatic organisms. They are federally enforceable.

CREG Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from the EPA Cancer Slope Factor. They represent an estimated concentration in water, soil, or air that would be expected to cause no more than one excess cancer in a million (10E-6) persons exposed over a lifetime.

CSF A Cancer Slope Factor is usually, but not always, the upper 95th percentile confidence limit of the slope for the dose-response curve. A CSF is developed for a probable or likely carcinogen and is expressed as (mg/kg/day)^-1. When data permit, slope factors listed in IRIS are based on absorbed doses, although many of them are based on administered doses.

EMEG Environmental Media Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from ATSDR's Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) and factor in body weight and ingestion rates. An EMEG is the concentration of a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air at which daily human exposure is unlikely to result in adverse noncarcinogenic effects.

LTHA A Lifetime Health Advisory represents contaminant concentrations that EPA considers protective of noncarcinogenic health effects during a lifetime (70 years) of exposure. Drinking water concentrations are developed to predict acceptable exposure levels for both adults and children when data on a NOAEL or LOAEL exist from animal or human studies. LTHAs are not enforceable standards.

MCL Maximum Contaminant Levels represent contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health (considering the availability and economics of water treatment technology) over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of 2 liters of water per day. MCLs are enforceable standards.

MCLG Maximum Contaminants Level Goal is a proposed, nonenforceable drinking water health goal recommended by EPA and set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse human health effects are expected to occur.

MRL A Minimal Risk Level is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemical that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are based on human and animal studies and are reported for acute (< 14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (> 365 days) exposures. MRLs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level is the lowest exposure level at which there are statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse health effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group. LOAELs may be used to estimate a dose at which people are not expected to develop adverse health effects. LOAELs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.

NOAEL A No Observed Adverse Effect Level is an exposure level at which there are no statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse health effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group. NOAELs may be used to estimate a dose at which people are not expected to develop adverse health effects. NOAELs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.

RfC EPA's Reference Concentration is an estimate of the daily inhalation exposure to a contaminant (including sensitive subpopulations) that is unlikely to cause noncancerous health effects during a lifetime exposure (chronic RfC) or during a limited time interval (subchronic RfC).

RfD EPA's Reference Dose is an estimate of the daily oral exposure to a contaminant (including sensitive subgroups) that is unlikely to cause noncancerous health effects during a lifetime exposure (chronic RfD) or during a limited time interval (subchronic RfD).

RMEG Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) and factor in body weight and ingestion rates. An RMEG is the concentration of a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air at which daily human exposure is unlikely to result in adverse noncarcinogenic effects.

Table of Contents

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1825 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348

Department of Health and Human Services

	Block Group 1	Block Group 2	Block Group 3

Total persons	1,231	213	142

% Male	33.3	46.0	63.4
% Female	66.7	54.0	36.6

% White	51.7	94.4	69.7
% Black	47.3	4.2	26.1
% Other races	1.0	1.4	4.2

% Younger than 10	44.9	9.4	21.8
% Age 65 and over	2.4	15.5	2.1

Households*	480	100	33
Persons per household	2.56	2.13	3.03
% Owner occupied	6.2	58.0	6.1
% Renter occupied	93.8	42.0	93.9
Median value of owner- occupied units	$55,000	$49,400	$50,000
Median monthly rent for renter- occupied units	$351	$335	$510

Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)
	Groundwater

1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL*-10	0.058^a
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-140	0^b
Trichloroethylene	BDL-210	0^b

Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)

Benzene	BDL*-6.4	0^a
Chlorobenzene	BDL-1,500	200^b
1,2-Dichloroethane	BDL-17	0^a
1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL-19	0.058^c
T-1,2-Dichloroethylene	BDL-13,000	100^a
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-3,000	0^a
Trichloroethylene	BDL-18,000	0^a
Vinyl Chloride	BDL-65	0^a
Benzo(a)anthracene	NT**-7	0^a
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	NT-14	0^a
Chrysene	NT-9	0^a

Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)			Comparison Values (ppb)
	Groundwater		Surface Water
	Inside NGA*	Outside NGA

Arsenic	NT**	NT	BDL***-520	0.0022^a
Beryllium	NT	NT	NT-0.41	0.0068^a
Lead	NT	NT	BDL-430	50^a
Nickel	NT	NT	NT-230	13.4^a
Benzene	BDL-6.4	BDL	BDL	0^b
1,2-Dichloroethane	BDL-190	BDL-8.2	NI****	0^b
1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL-45	BDL-7.1	NI	0.058^c
T-1,2-Dichloroethylene	BDL-620	BDL-850	BDL-110	100^b
1,2-Dichloropropane	BDL-240	BDL	NI	0^b
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-1,100	BDL-37	BDL-5	0^b
Trichloroethylene	BDL-7,100	BDL-2,400	BDL-190	0^b
PAHs Chrysene	NT	NT	NT-16	0.0028^a
Indeno(1,2,3)Pyrene	NI	NI	NT-47	0.0028^a

Chemical	Contaminant Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)
		Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-4.6J*	0.8
Trichloroethylene	BDL-18	2.7

Comparison Values and Health Guidelines
* AWQC	= Ambient Water Quality Criteria
* CREG	= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides
* CSF	= Cancer Slope Factor
* EMEG	= Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
* LTHA	= Lifetime Health Advisory
* MCL	= Maximum Contaminant Level
* MCLG	= Maximum Contaminants Level Goal
* MRL	= Minimal Risk Level
* LOAEL	= Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
* NOAEL	= No Observed Adverse Effect Level
* RfC	= Reference Concentration
* RfD	= Reference Dose
* RMEG	= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide
Quantitative Units
* ppm	= parts per million, (milligrams per liter, mg/L of water)
* ppb	= parts per billion, (micrograms per liter, µg/L water)
* mg/kg	= milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg; soil, sediment, or solid)
* µg/kg	= micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg soil; sediment, or solid)
* kg	= kilogram
* mg	= milligram
* µg	= microgram
* L	= liter

AWQC	Ambient Water Quality Criteria are the recommended maximum permissible pollutant concentrations protective of aquatic organisms. They are federally enforceable.
CREG	Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from the EPA Cancer Slope Factor. They represent an estimated concentration in water, soil, or air that would be expected to cause no more than one excess cancer in a million (10E-6) persons exposed over a lifetime.
CSF	A Cancer Slope Factor is usually, but not always, the upper 95th percentile confidence limit of the slope for the dose-response curve. A CSF is developed for a probable or likely carcinogen and is expressed as (mg/kg/day)^-1. When data permit, slope factors listed in IRIS are based on absorbed doses, although many of them are based on administered doses.
EMEG	Environmental Media Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from ATSDR's Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) and factor in body weight and ingestion rates. An EMEG is the concentration of a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air at which daily human exposure is unlikely to result in adverse noncarcinogenic effects.
LTHA	A Lifetime Health Advisory represents contaminant concentrations that EPA considers protective of noncarcinogenic health effects during a lifetime (70 years) of exposure. Drinking water concentrations are developed to predict acceptable exposure levels for both adults and children when data on a NOAEL or LOAEL exist from animal or human studies. LTHAs are not enforceable standards.
MCL	Maximum Contaminant Levels represent contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health (considering the availability and economics of water treatment technology) over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of 2 liters of water per day. MCLs are enforceable standards.
MCLG	Maximum Contaminants Level Goal is a proposed, nonenforceable drinking water health goal recommended by EPA and set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse human health effects are expected to occur.
MRL	A Minimal Risk Level is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemical that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are based on human and animal studies and are reported for acute (< 14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (> 365 days) exposures. MRLs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.
LOAEL	Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level is the lowest exposure level at which there are statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse health effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group. LOAELs may be used to estimate a dose at which people are not expected to develop adverse health effects. LOAELs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.
NOAEL	A No Observed Adverse Effect Level is an exposure level at which there are no statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse health effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group. NOAELs may be used to estimate a dose at which people are not expected to develop adverse health effects. NOAELs are published in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.
RfC	EPA's Reference Concentration is an estimate of the daily inhalation exposure to a contaminant (including sensitive subpopulations) that is unlikely to cause noncancerous health effects during a lifetime exposure (chronic RfC) or during a limited time interval (subchronic RfC).
RfD	EPA's Reference Dose is an estimate of the daily oral exposure to a contaminant (including sensitive subgroups) that is unlikely to cause noncancerous health effects during a lifetime exposure (chronic RfD) or during a limited time interval (subchronic RfD).
RMEG	Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR from EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) and factor in body weight and ingestion rates. An RMEG is the concentration of a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air at which daily human exposure is unlikely to result in adverse noncarcinogenic effects.