PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT ADDENDUM
G & H LANDFILL
SHELBY TOWNSHIP, MACOMB COUNTY, MICHIGAN
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 
placed the G & H Landfill site on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in September 1983. The Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) released a public health assessment for
the site in 1989. In August 1990, the final report from a
Remedial Investigation (RI) at the site was released. The U.S.
EPA signed a Record of Decision (ROD) for remediation at the site
in December 1990. The Michigan Department of Public Health
(MDPH) reviewed the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment in
light of the new information from the RI and prepared this
Addendum.
In the G & H Landfill Health Assessment, the ATSDR concluded that the site was of indeterminate public health concern because of possible exposure to contaminants through use of contaminated water and consumption of contaminated wild animals and fish. The RI has generated much new data on environmental contamination at the site. The new information supports the conclusions and recommendations from the original public health assessment.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) placed the G & H Landfill site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983.
A. Site Description and History
The G & H Landfill (G & H) site is south of 23 Mile Road and west of Ryan Road in Shelby Township, Macomb County, Michigan, between the cities of Utica and Rochester (Figure 1 in Appendix A). Utica is approximately 4 miles southeast of the site. Rochester is approximately the same distance northwest. The Remedial Investigation (RI) field work was completed by CH2M Hill under a U.S. EPA contract in the summer of 1989. An interim report was issued in July 1987 (CH2M Hill 1987), and the final RI report was issued in August 1990 (CH2M Hill 1990). A Supplemental Investigation was carried out under Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) supervision at the same time as the last stages of the RI (Warzyn 1990). In December 1990, the U.S. EPA signed a Record of Decision (ROD) that included capping the landfill, installing a slurry wall around three sides of the landfill, installing a leachate collection system on the fourth side, pumping and treating groundwater from south and east of the landfill, providing municipal water to affected nearby residences and businesses and closing their private wells, and excavating and disposing of PCB-contaminated soils and sediments found outside the cap and slurry wall (EPA 1990).
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) released a public health assessment for the site in April 1989 (ATSDR 1989a). This addendum is based on site information that has become available since that public health assessment was released, including the RI report released in August 1990.
The three disposal areas on the G & H Landfill property total approximately 70 acres (Phase I, 44 acres; Phase II, 17 acres; Phase III, 8 acres; see Figure 2 in Appendix A) (CH2M Hill 1990, p. 2-2). The original G & H Landfill Health Assessment gives the total area as 5 acres (ATSDR 1989a, p. 2). This incorrect figure was taken from the Draft Interim RI Report (CH2M Hill 1987, p. 8). The Site Description was otherwise accurate.
John Filpus of the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) visited the site with Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) personnel on May 9, 1990, driving around the site perimeter, and through a neighboring residential area to the east of the site. They also walked the site, including the landfill proper and the oil seep area. The information obtained on this visit has been included in the descriptions and evaluations presented in this public health assessment addendum.
C. Demographics, Land Use, and Natural Resource Use
The new information received does not require an alteration of this section from the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment.
In 1982, in response to community concerns about health effects related to the Liquid Disposal Incineration (LDI) NPL site located 1 mile south of the G & H site (see Figure 1), the MDPH and the Macomb County Health Department (MCHD) conducted a survey of health conditions in Shelby Township (MDPH/MCHD 1982). MDPH/MCHD researchers examined vital statistics files for 1970-1980, including files on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, and matched infant births and deaths. The researchers also contacted physicians in the area and the Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) to ascertain whether any pattern of human or animal illness had been seen in the site area.
There were numerous complaints from neighboring residents about odors from the G & H property while the oil reclamation operation and the landfill were in operation. When a leachate seep was found on State Recreation Area property, people who used the area expressed concern about their health and safety. Odors from and accidents at the LDI site have awakened health concerns among residents of the area surrounding LDI and G & H.
At one public meeting held by the U.S. EPA, a citizen expressed concern that no official attention seemed to be paid to nearby residents' potential health problems from exposure to site-related contamination. The citizen asked if there was some testing available to predict what health effects nearby residents might expect to see, citing blood testing for metals as was done after an incident at the LDI site. Another resident reported that a series of health problems had occurred at a school in the area sometime in the past, but could not offer any details.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AND OTHER HAZARDS
Ninety-five chemicals have been detected at the G & H site, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)(1), dioxins, furans, pesticides, other semi-volatile organic compounds, and metals (Table 1 in Appendix B). Concentrations of arsenic, benzene, lead, methylene chloride, PCBs, and vinyl chloride at the site exceed the corresponding Environmental Media Evaluation Guides developed by the ATSDR.
The predominant contaminant groups represented in the source areas of the site are the benzene-ethylbenzene-toluene-xylene group (BETX), chlorinated VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, and inorganic chemicals. The concentrations of selected contaminants of concern found on-site in wastes, shallow soils, surface soil and sediment are given in Table 2 in Appendix B. This includes data from Table 1 in the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment supplemented by data from the RI report.
Surface soil (top 6 inches) analysis for chlorinated dioxins and furans and organochlorine pesticides (including DDT, DDE, Endosulfan I and II, Gamma-BHC (Lindane), Gamma-Chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide) found up to 1.1 (estimated) parts per billion (ppb) combined dioxins and furans and as much as 420 ppb total pesticides. No 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), the most toxic of the chlorinated dioxins, was found. The chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans that were found have an estimated toxicity equivalent of less than 0.001 ppb of 2,3,7,8-TCDD(2). The Federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has established a 1 ppb level of concern for 2,3,7,8-TCCD in residential soils (ATSDR 1989b). No pattern was found to link the occasional detectable concentrations to site activities. PCBs were found in surface soils on the site at concentrations up to 2,200 ppb, in three areas: one of the former oil disposal ponds, the center of the Phase I landfill, and near a now-closed entrance to the landfill off 23 Mile Road.
Test pits and soil borings in the Phase I landfill found concentrations of total dioxins and furans up to 68.9 ppb (0.0021 ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents)(3). Again, no 2,3,7,8-TCDD was found in any subsurface sample.
Table 3 in Appendix B shows concentration ranges for contaminants of potential concern at off-site sampling locations. This includes data from Table 2 in the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment supplemented by data from the final RI report.
The elevated lead levels (up to 1,300 ppb) found in off-site monitoring wells (Table 3) were attributed in the Interim RI Report to very alkaline conditions in the water (pH between 10.7 and 11.9) caused by the cement used to grout the wells (CH2M Hill 1987, p. 89). Under higher pH conditions, lead becomes more soluble. However, this factor alone does not adequately explain the source of the lead.
The wells in question are upgradient of the site. One is across 23 Mile Road to the north of the site, the other is on Ryan Road near 23 Mile Road. Both wells are screened in a till layer, which does not have enough of a water flow to be a usable aquifer. Sampling of these wells in a later round of the RI found as much as 185 ppb lead, much lower than in the earlier tests but still exceeding the MCL for drinking water (50 ppb). Water from one other off-site monitoring well contained 34 ppb lead, while that from other off-site wells contained much less (CH2M Hill 1990).
The 32 ppb vinyl chloride in ground water listed in Table 3 was detected in a well serving one of the businesses along Ryan Road in August 1983. Sampling in December 1983 through 1986 found no detectable vinyl chloride in this or any other residential well. The detection limit is not explicitly identified in the Interim RI Report, but the concentration in the sample identified as a blank is given as "<0.01 mg/L," suggesting that the detection level was 10 ppb (CH2M Hill 1987, Appendix A). In 1988, the same well contained 2 ppb vinyl chloride, as did one other nearby industrial well (CH2M Hill 1990, Figure 3-24).
Water from residential wells east of Ryan Road, sampled in 1984 and 1985, contained low levels of various VOCs. The maximum levels found of individual chemicals were 4 ppb cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 3 ppb trichloroethylene, 1 ppb chloroform, 3 ppb toluene, and 1 ppb xylene (MDPH 1991). Toluene and xylene were only detected in one sample from one residential well. Subsequent sampling of the same well, a month later, found neither chemical.
Off-site surface soil (top 6 inches) sampling found PCBs in one location, at 380 ppb, near the now-closed entrance to the landfill mentioned above. This amount is not considered to be a level of concern. Pesticide compounds, dioxins, and furans were also found in off-site surface soil, at up to 150 ppb total pesticides and 3.2 (estimated) ppb combined dioxins and furans (0.00012 ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents)(4), with no apparent pattern that links the contamination to site-related activities. These pesticide and dioxin/furan concentrations in soils are not of human health concern.
Of eight carp taken from the Clinton River above Utica in 1986, one contained 2.5 ppm of PCBs and the rest contained less than 1 ppm. Two walleye taken at the same time contained 0.21 and 1.75 ppm PCBs (MDNR 1986).
C. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
The surface soil samples in the RI were taken from the top 6 inches of soil. These results may give a misleading impression of the hazard from contact with surface soil or from fugitive dust. Sub-surface concentrations could be higher or lower than those on the surface which would affect the results reported for top soil. Samples from the top three inches or less would give a more reliable measure of exposure potential through direct contact or inhalation.
In preparing this public health assessment addendum, MDPH relied on the analytical data provided in the referenced documents and assumed that adequate quality assurance and quality control measures were followed with regard to chain-of-custody, laboratory procedures, and data reporting. Quality assurance and quality control information presented in this document was taken from the source material. The validity of the analysis and conclusions drawn for this public health assessment addendum is dependent upon the reliability of the referenced information.
The values labeled "(estimated)" in the above text and "J" in Tables 2 and 3 were identified as estimates by the laboratories that did the analyses for the RI. The chemicals were detected in the analyses at levels above the detection levels of the analytical method but below the levels at which the results are considered reliable, or a quality assurance and quality control indicator cast doubt on the reliability of the reported value.
The accuracy of the PCB measurement that found 252 ppm in one carp from the Clinton River in 1983 has been challenged on quality assurance and control grounds. The exact reasons for the challenge were not available for this review.
Besides the potential danger from methane generated at the site, cited in the original public health assessment, there are no other significant physical hazards associated with the site. The site is fenced and posted, and highly contaminated areas have been fenced separately within the site fence. MDNR personnel report that trespassers have gained access to the site since the fence was built.
A. Environmental Pathways (Fate and Transport)
Soils. The RI conducted limited off-site surface soil sampling, and found no pattern of site-related contamination. Some PCB contamination was found near the site boundary.
The pesticide concentrations in the surface soil on the site are, in general, comparable to those found off-site. There are a number of localized areas of higher concentrations on the site, but the concentrations are such that they should not pose a health hazard. As with the dioxins, the higher concentration areas cover limited portions of the site, reducing the likelihood of contact.
There is no new information to indicate any significant change in the other pathways listed in the original document.
The pathways analysis summarized in Table 3 of the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment is still applicable.
Vinyl chloride was found in one private (business) well at 32 ppb in 1983. Later sampling of the well did not find any of the chemical and the most recent sampling found 2 ppb. The company has provided bottled water for their employees to drink, and the facility is currently connected to municipal water.
As a precaution, State and County health agencies advised the owners of residential wells that were found to be contaminated not to use the wells, offered bottled water service to the residents, and arranged for municipal water service to be extended into the area.
The very high lead concentrations reported in the ground water were found in monitoring wells screened in the till layer between the aquifers. The till layer is not likely to be used as a water supply, as water does not flow readily through it. The detected high lead concentrations have also been attributed to construction materials used in the wells in question. Samples from the usable aquifers did not have lead levels of health concern.
Because more than 10 percent of the carp collected from the Clinton River have contained PCBs above the U.S. FDA Action Level of 2 ppm, the MDPH has issued a fish consumption advisory for the Clinton River (below the Yates Dam, including the G & H vicinity). The advisory states that carp from the river should not be eaten for more than one meal per week. Nursing mothers, pregnant women, women who intend to have children, and children under age 15 are advised to not eat any of these fish (MDPH 1992). The source of the PCBs in these carp has not been clearly identified, but MDPH and MDNR believe the contamination cannot be solely linked to the G & H Landfill. No other fish species has shown contamination at levels of concern, so the advisory applies only to carp. This limited and non-binding advisory does not remove the fish consumption pathway from concern.
The information in this section supplements the information in the equivalent section in the original public health assessment.
Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans, chlorinated and aromatic VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, and heavy metals have been identified as the predominant contaminant groups at the site and include the compounds and elements of the greatest health concern.
Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans as a class are considered to be probable human carcinogens (U.S. EPA Class B2). There is great variability in the individual isomer potency and the most toxic and carcinogenic isomer, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, was not detected on the site. When the dioxins and furans are converted to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents, using equivalency coefficients in Table 4.1 (ATSDR 1989b), the equivalent level in the surface soil is three orders of magnitude (a thousand times) lower than the U.S. EPA clean-up standard of 1.0 ppb for residential soils. Thus there is only a slight health concern for these compounds unless erosion brings them to the surface and/or to the Clinton River where they could enter the food chain.
Polychlorinated biphenyls are similar to the chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in that they are a mixture of many isomers, are strongly adsorbed to soil, and are considered probable carcinogens (U.S. EPA Class B2) (ATSDR 1989c). Elevated levels were found in soil samples at the site but it is unlikely there will be significant exposure to them. Studies of other sites with much higher concentrations of PCBs in the surface soils have not demonstrated the uptake of toxicologically significant levels in on-site workers. The principal concern with PCBs is that the contaminated sediments could be eroded to the river where they could bioconcentrate and/or biomagnify in the fish to a level of concern.
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds have been found in the ground water both on- and off-site. Trichloroethylene (TCE) levels exceeding the U.S. EPA-promulgated Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 ppb for drinking water have been found in monitoring wells and off-site private (industrial) wells. Long-term consumption or household utilization of water containing TCE at levels greater than the MCL may increase one's risk of contracting cancer (ATSDR 1989d).
Similarly vinyl chloride (classified as a human carcinogen [U.S. EPA Class A]) was found in monitoring wells and in off-site private (industrial) wells at levels at and above the MCL of 2.0 ppb (ATSDR 1989e). Long-term consumption or household utilization of water containing vinyl chloride at the levels found at and near the site may increase one's risk of contracting cancer. None of the residential wells sampled in the area contained any chemicals at or above levels of public health concern, including the MCLs. The owners of the wells that showed any contamination were offered replacement water supplies as a precaution.
Non-halogenated aromatic VOCs were also found in the ground water at this site. While benzene, a human carcinogen (U.S. EPA Class A), did not exceed the MCL in off-site private wells, it was present in monitoring wells considerably above the MCL value of 5.0 ppb (ATSDR 1989f). Related aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene, xylenes, and ethyl benzene, were also found at high levels in the ground water but did not exceed proposed MCLs off-site. Most VOCs are more mobile in soils than semi-volatile organics such as PCBs and PAHs and thus when they are present there is always the possibility that they will migrate to the ground water. Since the carcinogenic VOCs can have an effect at low levels over a long period of time, there is a potential adverse impact on human health from the compounds at this site.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were found in high levels in the soils on site and in the Clinton River sediments. However, these compounds have not been found in either the ground water monitoring wells or the river water, and thus, it is unlikely there would ever be exposure to levels that could cause an increase in cancer incidence or other adverse effects.
Lead, chromium, and arsenic are all toxic metals that were found in high levels in the soils and sediments. However, only lead was found at levels exceeding the MCL in the ground water. Because lead is a cumulative poison that affects the nervous system it is especially important to ensure that young children are not exposed to drinking water containing elevated levels of this metal (ATSDR 1990). To date the elevated lead levels at this site have only been detected in unusable aquifers.
B. Health Outcome Data Evaluation
The 1982 MDPH/MCHD study found no significant difference in mortality in the Shelby Township compared to Macomb County or the State of Michigan for the period 1970-1980 (MDPH/MCHD 1982). The infant death rate for Township hospitals was high in the early 1970s, but by including only those cases where the mothers were Township residents at the time of birth, the rate was reduced to one comparable to the State and County. Age-adjusted death rates from cancer, heart disease, stroke, and accidents were slightly lower in the Township than in the State or County. The incidence of low birth weight was slightly lower in the Township than in the State or County. Physicians in the area reported complaints about odors from LDI, but no health complaints were reported except for an individual who was exposed to chemicals on the site at the time of an accident that also took two lives. Specialists found no chronic effects in this individual. Veterinarians in the area had reported no unusual health effects to the MDA.
C. Community Health Concerns Evaluation
In response to public concern about oil seeps in the Rochester-Utica State Recreation Area near the G & H Landfill, the MDNR closed and posted the section of the Recreation Area bounded by the landfill property, the Clinton River, and Ryan Road in 1983. A Community Information Committee and a local telephone answering service (at (313) 651-9358) have been provided by the MDNR to allow communication between the community, the MDNR, and the U.S. EPA.
The citizen who asked about health testing was advised that there was no testing available that would predict future illness from past exposure. The primary site-related contaminants that nearby residents might be exposed to are volatile organic chemicals that do not remain or accumulate in the body.
In the absence of further details on the incident, it has proven impossible to verify the report of health problems at an area school. Personnel at the Macomb County Health Department could not recall any similar incident reported to them (Shoemaker 1991). The 1982 MDPH/MCHD study included sampling and analysis of soil from 12 schools in the LDI/G & H vicinity. No contamination was found (MDPH/MCHD 1982).
The conclusions drawn in the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment do not need to be changed based on the new information. The site poses an indeterminate health hazard.
The MDPH supports the recommendations made in the original G & H Landfill Health Assessment (ATSDR 1989a). In addition, the MDPH recommends that the elevated lead levels found in ground water from the off-site till layer monitoring wells be evaluated further.
The G & H Landfill site has been evaluated with regards to follow-up health activities by the ATSDR Health Activities Recommendation Panel (HARP). No further health activities are recommended at this time. State and Local Health authorities have been educating the area residents about the health threat in their area, and should be encouraged to continue. Though past exposures to chemical contaminants have occurred, the exposures lasted a short time, and the concentrations were low, so health studies are not feasible. There have been no verifiable allegations of adverse health effects relating to the site. Should further evidence of significant exposure or of adverse health effects related to the site become available, the ATSDR will reevaluate this site for further health activities.
State and local health authorities are conducting health education about area health threats for the residents in the community around the site. At this time, no further health actions are proposed. EPA and state regulatory authorities are provided copies of this document to review recommendations.
John W. Filpus, Environmental Engineer
John L. Hesse, Primary Investigator
James Bedford, Environmental Toxicologist
Michigan Department of Public Health
ATSDR REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE
Louise Fabinski
Public Health Advisor
Field Operations Branch, Region V
ATSDR Technical Project Officer
Richard Gillig
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Remedial Programs Branch
This Public Health Assessment Addendum was prepared by the Michigan Department of Public Health under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the public health assessment was initiated.
Gail D. Godfrey
Technical Project Officer, SPS, RPB, DHAC
The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, has reviewed this public health assessment and concurs with its findings.
Director, DHAC, ATSDR
ATSDR. 1989a. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Health Assessment for G & H Landfill National Priorities List Site, April 12, 1989.
ATSDR. 1989b. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, ATSDR/TP-88/23, June 1989.
ATSDR. 1989c. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Selected PCBs (Aroclor-1260, -1254, -1248, -1242, -1232, -1221, and -1016), ATSDR/TP-88/21, June 1989.
ATSDR. 1989d. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene, ATSDR/TP-88/24, October 1989.
ATSDR. 1989e. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride, ATSDR/TP-88/25, August 1989.
ATSDR. 1989f. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Benzene, ATSDR/TP-88/03, May 1989.
ATSDR. 1990. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Lead, ATSDR/TP-88/17, June 1990.
CH2M Hill. 1987. CH2M Hill, Remedial Investigation Technical Report, G & H Landfill, 1987.
CH2M Hill. 1990. CH2M Hill, Remedial Investigation Report, G & H Landfill Site, Shelby Township, Michigan, August 1990.
EPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Record of Decision for the G & H Landfill site, December 1990.
MDNR. 1986. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, fish contaminant data, unpublished, 1986.
MDPH/MCHD. 1982. Michigan Department of Public Health and Macomb County Health Department, Evaluation of Community Exposure and Health Effects, Progress Report - LDI, Macomb County, July 1982.
MDPH. 1991. Michigan Department of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Division of Water Supply, water sampling data, unpublished, August 29, 1991.
MDPH. 1992. Michigan Department of Public Health, Public Health Advisory, in Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1992 Michigan Fishing Guide, pp. 21-4, 1992.
Shoemaker. 1991. Shoemaker, C., Macomb County Health Department, personal communications, August 20 and 27, 1991.
Warzyn. 1990. Warzyn Engineering, Report: Project No. 60474, Supplemental Investigation, G & H Industrial Fill Site, Shelby Township, Michigan, February 1990.
Figure 2. Waste Disposal Areas
TABLE 1. LIST OF COMPOUNDS DETECTED AT THE G & H SITE
Bold Face indicates potential compounds of concern from the risk assessment
in CH2M Hill 1990.
|
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
|
OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS
|
PHALOGENATED ALKANES AND ALKENES
|
| Acenaphthene | Benzoic Acid | Carbon tetrachloride |
| Acenaphtylene | Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether | Chloroform |
| Anthracene | Chlorobenezene | Chloroethane |
| Benzo [a] anthracene | Dibenzofuran | 1,1-Dichloroethane |
| Benzo [b] fluoranthene | 1,2-Dichloroethane | |
| Benzo [k] fluoranthene |
POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS |
1,1-Dichloroethylene |
| Benzo [g,h,i] perylene | 1,2-Dichloroethylene | |
| Benzo [a] pyrene | Aroclor 1248 | Methylene chloride |
| Chrysene | Aroclor 1254 | Tetrachloroethylene |
| Dibenzo {a,h] anthracene | Aroclor 1260 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
| Fluoranthene | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | |
| Fluorene |
DIOXINS and FURANS
|
Trichloroethylene |
| Indeno [1,2,3,-cd] pyrene | Vinyl chloride | |
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | Heptachlorodioxin | |
| Naphthalene | Heptachlorodibenzofuran |
OTHER VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
| Phenanthrene | Hexachlorodibenzodioxin | |
| Pyrene | Hexachlorodibenzofuran | Styrene |
| Octachlorodibenzodioxin | Carbon disulfide | |
|
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
|
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran | |
| Pentachlorodibenzodioxin |
INORGANIC CHEMICALS
|
|
| 2,4-Dinitrophenol | Pentachlorodibenzofuran | |
| 2-Methylphenol | Aluminum | |
| 4-Methlyphenol |
PESTICIDES
|
Antimony |
| N-Nitrosodiphenylamine | Arsenic | |
| Phenol | Chlordane | Barium |
| 4,4'-DDE | Beryllium | |
|
PHTHALATES
|
4,4'-DDT | Cadmium |
| delta-BHC | Calcium | |
| Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | Endosulfan I | Chromium |
| Butylbenzylphthalate | Endosulflan II | Cobalt |
| Diethylphthalate | gamma-BHC (Lindane) | Copper |
| Dimethylphthalate | Heptachlor | Cyanide |
| Di-n-butylphthalate | Heptachlor epoxide | Iron |
| Di-n-octylphthalate | Lead | |
|
BENZENE/ETHYLBENZENE/
TOLUENE/XYLENE (BETX) |
Magnesium | |
|
KETONES
|
Manganese | |
| Benzene | Mercury | |
| Acetone | Ethylbenzene | Nickel |
| 2-Butanone | Toluene | Potassium |
| 2-Hexanone | Xylene | Selenium |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | Silver | |
| Sodium | ||
| Thallium | ||
| Vanadium | ||
| Zinc |
TABLE 2. SELECTED ON-SITE CONTAMINANTS OF
POTENTIAL CONCERN
(ATSDR 1989a, Table 1; CH2M Hill 1990)
| CONSTITUENT | WASTES (TEST PIT DATA) |
SHALLOW SOILS (DEPTH 0-1 FT.) |
SURFACE SOILS AND SEDIMENT WHERE LEACHATE DISCHARGES |
| Methylene Chloride | ND - 280,000 | ND - 140 | ND |
| Vinyl Chloride | ND | ND | ND |
| Ethylbenzene | ND - 6,300,000 | ND - 1J | ND - 25,000 |
| Xylenes (total) | ND - 19,000,000 | ND - 8 | ND - 180,000 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethylene | ND - 15,000,000 | ND - 2J | ND |
| Chlorobenzene | ND - 220,000 | ND | ND - 1,400 |
| Toluene | ND - 15,000,000 | 6 - 10 | ND - 64,000 |
| Trichloroethylene | ND - 3,100,000 | ND | ND |
| Benzene | ND - 190,000 | ND | ND - 5,000 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | ND - 1,500,000 | 38J - 320J | ND - 5,500,000 |
| PAHs | ND - 884,000 | ND - 74,260 | ND - 220,000 |
| PCBs | ND - 134,700 | ND - 2,200 | ND - 74,000 |
| Arsenic | ND - 80,800 | ND - 9,800 | 4,000 - 12,000 |
| Chromium | ND - 9,840,000 | 6 - 21,000 | 5,100 - 37,000 |
| Cadmium | ND - 70,000 | ND | 100 - 100,000 |
| Lead | ND - 42,200,000 | ND - 76,000 | 5,700 - 16,000 |
| Mercury | ND - 188,000 | ND - 1,900 | ND |
Table 2. (cont.)
| CONSTITUENT | CANAL AND PONDS | Ground water (MONITORING WELLS) |
|
| SURFACE WATER | SEDIMENT | ||
| Methylene Chloride | ND - 110 | ND - 1,000 | ND - 3,200 (1,630,000P) |
| Vinyl Chloride | ND - 7 | ND | ND - 1,200 |
| Ethylbenzene | ND - 350 | ND - 60 | ND - 24,000,000 |
| Xylenes (total) | ND - 7,000 | ND - 330 | ND - 15,000 (92,340,000P) |
| 1,2-Dichloroethylene | ND | ND | ND - 8,400 |
| Chlorobenzene | ND | ND | ND - 140 |
| Toluene | ND - 2,200 | ND - 140 | ND - 15,000 (4,980,000P) |
| Trichloroethylene | ND - 200 | ND | ND - 22 |
| Benzene | ND - 780 | ND - 9 | ND - 1,500 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | ND - 2,680,000 | ND - 56,000 | ND - 680,000 |
| PAHs | ND - 60 (139,000JP) |
ND - 7,920 | ND - 614J (1,800,000P) |
| PCBs | ND - 6.8 (526,000JP) |
ND - 21,000 | ND - 39 (189P) |
| Arsenic | ND - 298 | 3,000 - 525,000 | ND - 307 |
| Chromium | ND - 32 | 6,000 - 381,000 | ND - 170 |
| Cadmium | ND | ND - 3,200 | ND - 11 |
| Lead | ND - 183 | 4,700J - 466,000 | ND - 53 |
| Mercury | ND - 1.9 | ND - 1,940 | ND - 0.5 |
MAMMALS (FROM RECREATION AREA)
| CONSTITUENT | RACCOON | OPOSSUM | MUSKRAT |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | ND | 7,800 - 40,900 | ND |
| 4,4'-DDT | ND - 7,300 | ND - 2,020 | ND |
| 4,4'-DDE | ND - 7,290 | ND - 2,950 | 10 - 17 |
| PCBs | 640 - 5,180 | ND - 4,460 | ND |
Sampling conducted 1983 to 1989
Values in parts per billion, unless otherwise noted
ND - Not detected
P - Non-aqueous phase composition
J - Estimated value
Data qualifiers indicating blank contamination not reported.
TABLE 3. SELECTED OFF-SITE CONTAMINANTS
OF POTENTIAL CONCERN
(ATSDR 1989a, Table 2; CH2M Hill 1990)
GROUND WATER
| CONSTITUENT | MONITORING WELLS | BUSINESS AND PRIVATE WATER WELLS |
| Methylene Chloride | ND - 28 | ND - 123 |
| Vinyl Chloride | ND | ND - 32 |
| Ethylbenzene | ND - 16 | ND |
| Xylenes (total) | ND - 6 | ND - 1 |
| 1,1-Dichloroethane | ND | ND - 4 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethylene | ND - 15 | ND - 25 |
| Toluene | ND - 27 | ND - 5 |
| Trichloroethylene | ND | ND - 40 |
| Benzene | ND - 19 | ND - 0.8 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | ND - 480 | NR |
| Arsenic | ND - 12.2 | ND - 23 |
| Chromium | ND - 36 | ND |
| Cadmium | ND - 12 | ND |
| Lead | ND - 1,300 | ND |
| Mercury | ND - 0.5 | ND - 0.4 |
PONDS NORTH OF 23 MILE ROAD
| CONSTITUENT | SURFACE WATER | SEDIMENT |
| Methylene Chloride | ND - 21 | 3J - 51 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | ND - 22 | ND - 93 |
| Arsenic | ND - 1.6 | ND - 1,700 |
| Chromium | ND | 6.3 - 4,300 |
| Lead | ND - 19 | 6.2J - 3,500 |
| Mercury | ND - 5.5J | ND |
CLINTON RIVER
| CONSTITUENT | SURFACE WATER | SEDIMENT |
| Methylene Chloride | ND | ND - 10 |
| Xylenes (total) | ND - 8 | ND - 3 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | 7 - 132 | ND - 3,054 |
| PAHs | ND | ND - 16,300 |
| Arsenic | ND | ND - 4,500 |
| Chromium | ND - 116 | 4,000 - 35,000 |
| Cadmium | ND | ND - 370 |
| Lead | ND - 8.2 | 1,300 - 55,000 |
| CONSTITUENT | FISH |
| PCBs | ND - 252,000 |
Sampling conducted 1983 to 1989
Values in parts per billion, unless otherwise noted
ND - Not detected
NR - Not Reported
Data qualifiers indicating blank contamination not reported.
Table 4. Comparison Values
(ppb, except where noted)
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Methylene Chloride |
|
|
|
|
|
| Vinyl Chloride |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ethylbenzene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Xylenes (total) |
|
100,000,000 |
|
|
|
| 1,1-Dichloroethane |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1,2-Dichloroethylene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chlorobenzene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Toluene |
|
10,000,000 |
|
|
|
| Trichloroethylene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Benzene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate |
|
NA
|
|
|
|
| PAHs |
|
|
|
|
|
| PCBs |
|
|
|
|
|
| Arsenic |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chromium+ |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cadmium |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lead |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mercury |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4,4'-DDT |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4,4'-DDE |
|
|
|
|
|
* = Surface water comparison values are based on the assumption
that the water may be used as a drinking water source. The comparison value
is not based on the use of surface water for wading or swimming.
** = Biota comparison values are based upon consumption
of enough of the contaminated biota to result in a daily dose equaling or exceeding
the provided values. The values are either ATSDR's chronic oral Minimal Risk
Level, EPA's chronic oral Reference Dose, or EPA' oral slope factor, whichever
value is lowest. Units are in mg/kg/day for the Minimal Risk Level and Reference
Dose and in (mg/kg/d)-1 for the oral slope factor.
+ = Assumes all chromium is hexavalent
1 = Environmental Medium Evaluation Guide (child's ingestion
of soil or water, whichever is appropriate)2
2 = Calculated from the Reference Dose (child's ingestion
of soil or water, whichever is appropriate)
3 = Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor (soil or water ingestion, whichever
is appropriate)
4 = Maximum Contaminant Level
5 = Assuming inorganic mercury
APPENDIX C: RESPONSIVENESS STATEMENT
A draft of this addendum to the health assessment for the G & H Landfill site was released for public comment on April 29, 1992. The public comment period was open until May 29, 1992. No comments from the public were received in this period.
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