ATSDR - PHA - IONIA CITY LANDFILL, IONIA, IONIA COUNTY, MICHIGAN

arsenic
benzene
butyl benzyl phthalate
cadmium
chloroethane
chloroform
chloromethane
chromium
1,1-dichloroethane
1,1-dichloroethylene
1,2-dichloroethylene (total)
lead
manganese
mercury
methyl ethyl ketone
methylene chloride
nickel
styrene
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
vinyl chloride
zinc

Table 2. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found in on-site groundwater monitoring wells (1981-1993).

Chemical Date Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Reference Comparison Value
(ppb)

Shallow Intermediate

arsenic 11/93 48.6 NS 13 3^E, 0.02^C

benzene 8/92 4 NS 13 1^C

11/93 3.J NS 13

cadmium 1981 20 NS 12 7^E, Carcinogen

1987-8 22 6 1

11/93 ND NS 13

chloroethane 8/92 160 NS 13 NA

11/93 260 NS 13

chloroform 8/92 ND NS 13 100^E, 6^C

11/93 12 NS 13

chloromethane 8/92 ND NS 13 3^A

11/93 9.J NS 13

chromium (total) 1981 640 NS 12 10,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

1987-8 186 132 1

11/93 7.J NS 13

1,1-dichloroethane 1981 22 NS 12 Carcinogen

1987-8 26 ND 1

8/92 73 NS 13

11/93 1,400 NS 13

1,1-dichloroethylene 8/92 ND NS 13 90^E, 0.06^C

11/93 4.2 NS 13

1,2-dichloroethylene (total) 1981 150 NS 12 200^R (trans)
70^A (cis)

1987-8 31.^a ND 1

8/92 120 NS 13

11/93 1,118 NS 13

lead 1981 2,000 NS 12 15^PL, Carcinogen

1987-8 3.6 ND 1

11/93 2.6J NS 13

manganese 1987 658 44 1 50^R

11/93 1,000 NS 13

methylene chloride 8/92 13 NS 13 600^E, 5^C

11/93 93,000.J NS 13

nickel 11/93 1,210 NS 13 carcinogen

styrene 8/92 ND NS 13 carcinogen

11/93 2.J NS 13

1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane 8/92 ND NS 13 0.2^C

11/93 440.J NS 13

tetrachloroethylene 8/92 ND NS 13 0.7^C

11/93 5.J NS 13

toluene 1981 2,500 NS 12 2,000^R

8/92 520 NS 13

11/93 300 NS 13

1,1,1-trichloroethane 1981 32 NS 12 200^A

8/92 3 NS 13

11/93 350 NS 13

1,1,2-trichloroethane 8/92 ND NS 13 0.6^C

11/93 4.J NS 13

trichloroethylene 1981 16 NS 12 3^C

8/92 840 NS 13

11/93 3,300 NS 13

vinyl chloride 1987-8 69 ND 1 0.2^E, Carcinogen

8/92 42 NS 13

11/93 31 NS 13

zinc 1981 110,000 NS 12 3,000^R

1987-8 39 31 1

11/93 119 NS 13

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NS – Not Sampled
ND – Not Detected
J – Estimated Concentration: below Contract Required Detection Level, but above Instrument Detection Limit

(III)– For chromium(III)
(VI)– For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

^a Trans-1,2-dicloroethylene

Table 3. Concentrations of contaminants of concern from shallow sub-surface soil samples on the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 3 1^E, Carcinogen

lead 59.^a Carcinogen

methyl ethyl ketone 0.015B 1,000^R

methylene chloride 0.009B 100^E, 90^C

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed
Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.
B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.
NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

^a Value within typical range in soils.

Table 4. Maximum concentrations of indicator and other chemicals in the drums found on the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

butyl benzyl phthalate 12,000 400^R

chromium 2,850 2,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

lead 10,100 Carcinogen

mercury 1 NA

methylene chloride 110.B 100^E, 90^C

styrene 1,900.B Carcinogen

toluene 460 400^R

1,1,1-trichloroethane 640 NA

trichloroethylene 2 60^C

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.

(III)– For chromium(III)

(VI)– For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern from sub-surface soil samples collected from trenches on the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

butyl benzyl phthalate 2,400 400^R

cadmium 6.7 1^E, Carcinogen

lead 478 Carcinogen

mercury 1.5 NA

methylene chloride 2,220.B 100^E, 90^C

styrene 4,600.B Carcinogen

tetrachloroethylene 0.013 10^C

toluene 9.8 400^R

1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.94 NA

trichloroethylene 0.034B 60^C

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern from sub-surface soil boring samples on the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 3.6 1^E, Carcinogen

methyl ethyl ketone 0.024B 1,000^R

methylene chloride 0.011B 100^E, 90^C

toluene 0.120 400^R

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment from the unnamed tributary (1982-1987).

Chemical Date Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 1982 <0.1 1^E, Carcinogen

1987 2.2

chromium 1982 17 2,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

1987 16

1,2-dichloroethylene (total) 1982 0.055 40^R (trans)
NA (cis)

manganese 1982 3,400 10^R

methylene chloride 1982 0.3 100^E, 90^C

1987 0.037

trichloroethylene 1982 0.015 60^C<

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

(III)– For chromium(III)
(VI)– For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from the unnamed tributary (1982).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Comparison Value
(ppb)

chromium <10 10,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

1,1-dichloroethane 13 Carcinogen

1,2-dichloroethylene (total) 42 200^R (trans)
70^A (cis)

manganese 1,050 50^R

methylene chloride 11 600^E, 5^C

1,1,1-trichloroethane <10 200^A

trichloroethylene <10 3^C

vinyl chloride 23 0.2^E, Carcinogen

Reference: 1

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 9. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found in off-site air samples from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Comparison Value
(ppb)

1,1,1-trichloroethane 1.5 NA

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

NA – None Available

Table 10. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found in off-site shallow subsurface soil samples collected near the site during the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 2 1^E, Carcinogen

lead 286 Carcinogen

methyl ethyl ketone 0.019B 1,000^R

methylene chloride 0.031B 100^E, 90^C

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 11. Concentrations of contaminants of concern from off-site soil borings from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 3.5 1^E, Carcinogen

methyl ethyl ketone 0.083B 1,000^R

methylene chloride 0.029B 100^E, 90^C

toluene 0.230 400^R

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.

NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 12. Maximum concentrations of indicator and other chemicals in groundwater samples from off-site monitoring wells (1987-93).

Chemical Date Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Reference Comparison Value
(ppb)

Shallow Intermediate

benzene 1987-8 6 ND 1 1^C

8/92 1.J NS 13

11/93 0.6J NS 13

cadmium 1987-8 10 15 1 7^E, Carcinogen

8/92 ND NS 13

11/93 ND NS 13

chromium 1987-8 14 14 1 10,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

8/92 ND NS 13

11/93 ND NS 13

1,2-dichloroethylene (total) 1987-8 17.^a ND 1 200^R (trans)
70^A (cis)

8/92 ND NS 13

11/93 24 NS 13

manganese 1987-8 897 70 1 50^R

8/92 734 NS 13

11/93 634 NS 13

methylene chloride 1987-8 2.BJ ND 1 600^E, 5^C

8/92 ND NS 13

11/93 9.BJ NS 13

vinyl chloride 1987-8 86 ND 1 0.2^E, Carcinogen

8/92 ND NS 13

11/93 22 NS 13

zinc 1987-8 20 30 1 3,000^R

8/92 250 NS 13

11/93 774 NS 13

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected

B – Detected in laboratory quality control blank sample.
J – Estimated Concentration: below Contract Required Detection Level, but above Instrument Detection Limit

(III)– For chromium(III)
(VI)– For chromium(VI)
NA – None Available
Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

^a Trans-1,2-dicloroethylene

Table 13. Maximum concentrations of indicator and other chemicals in groundwater samples from residential wells near the site collected during the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Comparison Value
(ppb)

manganese 20 50^R

tetrachloroethylene 0.7 0.7^C

zinc 824 3,000^R

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

Comparison Value Bases

R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found in surface water samples from the Grand River near the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppb) Comparison Value
(ppb)

cadmium 10 7^E, Carcinogen

1,2-dichloroethylene (total) 3 200^R (trans)
70^A (cis)

vinyl chloride 1.J 0.2^E, Carcinogen

Reference: 1

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

J – Estimated Concentration: below Contract Required Detection Level, but above Instrument Detection Limit

Carcinogen– Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 15. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found in sediment samples from the Grand River near the site, from the RI (1987).

Chemical Maximum Concentration
(ppm) Comparison Value (soil)
(ppm)

cadmium 2.6 1^E, Carcinogen

chromium 19 2,000^R (III)
Carcinogen (VI)

methylene chloride 0.077 100^E, 90^C

Reference: 1

Comparison Value Bases

^-6

(a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

RESPONSIVENESS STATEMENT

The Michigan Department of Public Health released a draft of this health assessment for public comments on March 8, 1991. The open comment period was in effect until April 8, 1991. During that time, one comment was received from an individual representing the City of Ionia regarding site remediation actions referred to in the health assessment and an associated press release. The health assessment information was checked and found to be accurate in representing the remedial plans. The press release, however, stated that remedial efforts included "capping the rest of the site" which is an overstatement of the situation. The remedy in the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Record of Decision actually calls for "upgrading the landfill cover and repairing the side slopes".

No other comments were received during the Public Comment Period.

The MDPH released a second draft of this Public Health Assessment for public comment on December 14, 1994. The comment period lasted until January 13, 1995. The MDPH received no additional comments in this period.

FOOTNOTES

1. Ingestion of soil may be incidental at any age, or a child may deliberately ingest soil (pica).

Table of Contents

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1825 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348

Department of Health and Human Services

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
Chemical	Date	Shallow	Intermediate	Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
arsenic	11/93	48.6	NS	13	3^E, 0.02^C
benzene	8/92	4	NS	13	1^C
benzene	11/93	3.J	NS	13	1^C
cadmium	1981	20	NS	12	7^E, Carcinogen
	1987-8	22	6	1
	11/93	ND	NS	13
chloroethane	8/92	160	NS	13	NA
chloroethane	11/93	260	NS	13	NA
chloroform	8/92	ND	NS	13	100^E, 6^C
chloroform	11/93	12	NS	13	100^E, 6^C
chloromethane	8/92	ND	NS	13	3^A
chloromethane	11/93	9.J	NS	13	3^A
chromium (total)	1981	640	NS	12	10,000^R (III) Carcinogen (VI)
	1987-8	186	132	1
	11/93	7.J	NS	13
1,1-dichloroethane	1981	22	NS	12	Carcinogen
	1987-8	26	ND	1
	8/92	73	NS	13
	11/93	1,400	NS	13
1,1-dichloroethylene	8/92	ND	NS	13	90^E, 0.06^C
1,1-dichloroethylene	11/93	4.2	NS	13	90^E, 0.06^C
1,2-dichloroethylene (total)	1981	150	NS	12	200^R (trans) 70^A (cis)
	1987-8	31.^a	ND	1
	8/92	120	NS	13
	11/93	1,118	NS	13
lead	1981	2,000	NS	12	15^PL, Carcinogen
	1987-8	3.6	ND	1
	11/93	2.6J	NS	13
manganese	1987	658	44	1	50^R
manganese	11/93	1,000	NS	13	50^R
methylene chloride	8/92	13	NS	13	600^E, 5^C
methylene chloride	11/93	93,000.J	NS	13	600^E, 5^C
nickel	11/93	1,210	NS	13	carcinogen
styrene	8/92	ND	NS	13	carcinogen
styrene	11/93	2.J	NS	13	carcinogen
1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane	8/92	ND	NS	13	0.2^C
1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane	11/93	440.J	NS	13	0.2^C
tetrachloroethylene	8/92	ND	NS	13	0.7^C
tetrachloroethylene	11/93	5.J	NS	13	0.7^C
toluene	1981	2,500	NS	12	2,000^R
	8/92	520	NS	13
	11/93	300	NS	13
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1981	32	NS	12	200^A
	8/92	3	NS	13
	11/93	350	NS	13
1,1,2-trichloroethane	8/92	ND	NS	13	0.6^C
1,1,2-trichloroethane	11/93	4.J	NS	13	0.6^C
trichloroethylene	1981	16	NS	12	3^C
	8/92	840	NS	13
	11/93	3,300	NS	13
vinyl chloride	1987-8	69	ND	1	0.2^E, Carcinogen
	8/92	42	NS	13
	11/93	31	NS	13
zinc	1981	110,000	NS	12	3,000^R
	1987-8	39	31	1
	11/93	119	NS	13

Chemical	Maximum Concentration (ppm)	Comparison Value (soil) (ppm)
cadmium	3	1^E, Carcinogen
lead	59.^a	Carcinogen
methyl ethyl ketone	0.015B	1,000^R
methylene chloride	0.009B	100^E, 90^C