PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
NORTH BRONSON INDUSTRIAL AREA
BRONSON, BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN
FIGURES
Table 1. Contaminants of concern at the North Bronson Industrial
Area site.
|
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
|
OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS |
| acetone benzene chlorobenzene chloroform 1,1-dichloroethane 1,1-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene ethyl benzene methyl ethyl ketone methylene chloride 1,1,1-trichloroethane trichloroethylene vinyl chloride xylenes |
benzyl alcohol bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate butylbenzylphthalate carbazole 4-chloro-3-methylphenol dibenzofuran 1,4-dichlorobenzene dimethyl phthalate di-n-octylphthalate 4-methylphenol 4-nitrophenol |
|
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
|
METALS AND INORGANIC CHEMICALS
|
| acenaphthylene benzo(a)anthracene benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo(k)fluoranthene benzo(g,h,i)perylene benzo(a)pyrene chrysene dibenzo(a,h)anthracene indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 2-methylnaphthalene naphthalene phenanthrene |
antimony arsenic barium beryllium cadmium chromium cobalt copper cyanide lead manganese mercury nickel thallium vanadium zinc |
|
PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
|
|
| gamma-BHC delta-BHC heptachlor epoxide PCBs |
Table 2. Chronology of sampling of residential wells near the North Bronson
Industrial Area site, 1974-1995.
| Well # | 1974 | 19841 | 9/88 (RI)2 | 12/883 | 1/894 | 9/89 (RI)2 | 7/933 | 10/933 | 7/953 | 8/955 |
| RW-1 | X | Well Replaced | + | |||||||
| RW-2 | + | + | + | + | X | X | Well Replaced | |||
| RW-3 | X | Well Replaced | ||||||||
| RW-4 | X | X | Well Replaced | |||||||
| RW-5 | + | + | + | + | ||||||
| RW-6 | + | + | + | + | ||||||
| RW-7 | + | + | + | + | ||||||
| RW-8 | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
| RW-9 | + | + | + | |||||||
| RW-10 | + | + | + | |||||||
| RW-11 | + | + | ||||||||
| RW-12 | + | |||||||||
| RW-13 | + | + | ||||||||
| RW-14 | + | + | ||||||||
| RW-15 | + | + | ||||||||
| RW-16 | + | |||||||||
| RW-17 | + | |||||||||
| RW-18 | + | |||||||||
| RW-19 | + | |||||||||
| RW-20 | + | |||||||||
| RW-21 | + | |||||||||
| RW-22 | + | |||||||||
| RW-23 | + | |||||||||
| RW-24 | + | |||||||||
| RW-25 | + | |||||||||
| RW-26 | + | |||||||||
| RW-27 | + | |||||||||
| RW-28 | + | |||||||||
| RW-29 | + | |||||||||
See Figure 2 for well locations.
+ -- Well sampled, no volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination found
X -- Well sampled, VOC contamination found
Analysis Performed
1. VOCs, metals, cyanide, bacteria
2. VOCs, semi-VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls/pesticides, inorganic chemicals
3. VOCs
4. VOCs, general chemistry
5. VOCs, metals, cyanide
Table 3. Cross-reference table for private well identification
between this assessment and the remedial investigation (RI) report (Reference
1).
| Well # | RI Round 1 | RI Round 2 |
| RW-02 | PW2 | PW5 |
| RW-05 | PW1 | PW2 |
| RW-06 | PW5 | PW6 |
| RW-07 | PW4 | PW3 |
| RW-08 | PW7 | PW4 |
| City well PW-3 | PW3 | PW1 |
"[The RI contractor's] sample designations for private wells are different between Rounds 1 and 2 because samplers collecting Round 2 samples were unaware of Round 1 designations." (Reference 1, p. 2-4)
Table 4. Concentrations of contaminants of concern found
in water from residential and municipal wells within the North Bronson Industrial
Area site study area.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) |
Reference | Comparison Value (ppb) |
| acetone | 1974 |
ca 5,000
|
1 | 1,000R |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 | ND | 7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| arsenic | 10/84 | ND | 6 | 3E, 0.02C |
| 9/88 |
3.6
|
1 | ||
| 9/89 |
6.1
|
1 | ||
| beryllium | 10/84 | ND | 6 | 50R, 0.008C |
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 |
3.3
|
1 | ||
| 1,1-dichloroethylene | 1974 | ND | 1 | 90E, 0.06C |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 |
2
|
7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| cis-1,2-dichloroethylene | 1974 | ND | 1 | 70A |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 |
24
|
7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| trans-1,2-dichloroethylene | 1974 | ND | 1 | 100A |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 |
1
|
7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| manganese | 10/84 | ND | 6 | 50R |
| 9/88 |
97
|
1 | ||
| 9/89 |
123
|
1 | ||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 1974 |
ca 5,000
|
1 | 6,000R |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 | ND | 7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 1974 | ND | 1 | 200A |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 | ND | 7 | ||
| 1993 |
0.07
|
7 | ||
| trichloroethylene | 1974 | ND | 1 | 3C |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 |
457
|
7 | ||
| 1993 |
82
|
7 | ||
| vinyl chloride | 1974 | ND | 1 | 0.2E, carcinogen |
| 10/84 | ND | 6 | ||
| 9/88 | ND | 1 | ||
| 9/89 | ND | 1 | ||
| 12/88 |
6
|
7 | ||
| 1993 | ND | 7 | ||
| zinc | 10/84 | ND | 6 | 3,000R |
| 9/88 |
433
|
1 | ||
| 9/89 |
40
|
1 |
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values
Contaminants of concern that are not listed were not detected
ND -- Not Detected
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water
from monitoring wells on the North Bronson Industrial Area site study area.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) |
Reference | Comparison Value (ppb) |
| acetone | 1974 | ca 1,000 | 1 | 1,000R |
| 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| arsenic | 1988 | 9.9 | 1 | 3E, 0.02C |
| 1989 | 9.2 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 12.1 | 1 | ||
| benzene | 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | 1C |
| 1989 | 1.J | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 1988 | 3.J | 1 | 200R, 3C |
| 1989 | 18.J | 1 | ||
| 1991 | -- | 1 | ||
| cadmium | 1988 | 120 | 1 | 7E, carcinogen |
| 1989 | 301 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 58 | 1 | ||
|
chromium (total) |
1979 | 430 | 3 | 10,000R
(III) 50R, 3C (VI) |
| 1988 | 32 | 1 | ||
| 1989 | 41.9 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| (hexavalent) | 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | |
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| cobalt | 1988 | 15.9 | 1 | NA |
| 1989 | ND (3) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (3) | 1 | ||
| copper | 1979 | 110 | 3 | 1,300MG |
| 1988 | 18.9J | 1 | ||
| 1989 | ND (6) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 19.1 | 1 | ||
| cyanide | 1988 | 28 | 1 | 200R |
| 1989 | 2,960 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 531 | 1 | ||
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 1988 | 72 | 1 | carcinogen |
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 4.J | 1 | ||
| 1,1-dichloroethylene | 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | 90E, 0.06C |
| 1989 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1,2-dichloroethylene (total) | 1988 | 270 | 1 | 70A
(cis) 100A (trans) |
| 1989 | 1,600 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 35,000 | 1 | ||
| lead | 1979 | 43 | 3 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| 1988 | 24 | 1 | ||
| 1989 | 7.8 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 1.2 | 1 | ||
| manganese | 1988 | 498 | 1 | 50R |
| 1989 | 912 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 442 | 1 | ||
| mercury | 1988 | ND (0.2) | 1 | 2A |
| 1989 | ND (0.2) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 2.3 | 1 | ||
| methylene chloride | 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | 600E, 5C |
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 3.J | 1 | ||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 1974 | ca 1,000 | 1 | 6,000R |
| 1988 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| nickel | 1979 | 1,100 | 3 | 200R, carcinogen |
| 1988 | 576 | 1 | ||
| 1989 | 479 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 247 | 1 | ||
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 1988 | 3,600 | 1 | 200A |
| 1989 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 14.J | 1 | ||
| trichloroethylene | 1979 | 190 | 3 | 3C |
| 1988 | 320 | 1 | ||
| 1989 | 700 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 30,000 | 1 | ||
| vinyl chloride | 1988 | 100 | 1 | 0.2E, carcinogen |
| 1989 | 5 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 5,200 | 1 | ||
| zinc | 1979 | 20,000 | 3 | 3,000R |
| 1988 | 8,800 | 1 | ||
| 1989 | 999 | 1 | ||
| 1991 | 26.5 | 1 |
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values
Contaminants of concern that are not listed were not detected
ND -- Not Detected (with Detection Level)
J -- Estimated Value
(III) -- For chromium(III)
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible)
but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
A -- U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory
PL -- U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil samples collected
from the North Bronson Industrial Area site study area in 1991.
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) |
Comparison Value (ppm) |
|||
| ball field | L.A. Darling | Scott Fetzer | Cyanide Destr. | ||
| acetone | ND (0.015) | 0.03J | ND (0.011) | ND (0.011) | 200R |
| antimony | ND (4.1) | 4.6J | ND (3.9) | ND (4.6) | 0.8R |
| arsenic | 4.8 | 10.7 | 5.7 | 30.4 | 0.6E, 0.5C |
| barium | 43.6 | 252 | 41 | 447 | 100R |
| beryllium | 0.26J | 1.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 10R, 0.2C |
| cadmium | 0.79J | 76.3 | ND (0.65) | 1.8 | 1E, carcinogen |
| chromium (total) | 13.5 | 102 | 7.3 | 25.3 | 2,000R
(III) 10R, 60C (VI) |
| cobalt | 3.2 | 21 | 2.2 | 7.7 | NA |
| copper | 30.6 | 399 | 64.8 | 114 | NA |
| cyanide | ND (0.33) | 3.5 | ND (0.16) | 0.28 | 40R |
| lead | 25.6 | 193 | 42.7 | 279 | carcinogen |
| manganese | 194 | 517.J | 237 | 705 | 300R |
| mercury | ND (0.06) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | NA |
| nickel | 8 | 273 | 5.4 | 20.7 | 40R, carcinogen |
| thallium | ND (0.23) | 0.58 | 0.28 | 0.56 | NA |
| trichloroethylene | ND (0.011) | 0.004J | ND (0.011) | 0.007J | 4Ei, 60C |
| vanadium | 22.7 | 27.5 | 10.4 | 30.7 | 6Ei |
| zinc | 50.5 | 456 | 83.8 | 418 | 600R |
Reference: 1
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values
Contaminants of concern that are not listed were not detected
ND -- Not Detected (with Detection Level)
J -- Estimated Value
NA -- None Available
(III) -- For chromium(III)
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-duration exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in lagoon berm subsurface
soil samples collected from the North Bronson Industrial Area site study area
in 1989.
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) |
Comparison Value (ppm) |
|
| east | west | ||
| acetone | 0.031J | ND (0.011) | 200R |
| antimony | 42 | 60 | 0.8R |
| arsenic | 15.J | 28.J | 0.6E, 0.5C |
| barium | 67 | 54 | 100R |
| benzene | 0.003 | 0.006 | 20C |
| cadmium | 1,900.J | 1,450.J | 1E, carcinogen |
| chromium (total) | 1,930.J | 2,870.J | 2,000R
(III) 10R, 60C (VI) |
| cobalt | 5.7 | 16 | NA |
| copper | 437 | 1,380 | NA |
| cyanide | 43 | 58 | 40R |
| lead | 30 | 106 | carcinogen |
| manganese | 310.J | 240.J | 300R |
| nickel | 1,700.J | 2,340.J | 40R, carcinogen |
| PCBs | 0.48 | ND (0.36) | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| phenanthrene | 0.13J | ND (0.74) | NA |
| vanadium | 18 | 12 | 6Ei |
| zinc | 1,010.J | 903.J | 600R |
Reference: 1
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values
Contaminants of concern that are not listed were not detected
ND -- Not Detected
J -- Estimated Value
NA -- None Available
(III) -- For chromium(III)
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-duration exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in subsurface soil samples
collected from the North Bronson Industrial Area site study area.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) |
Comparison Value (ppm) |
| acenaphthylene | 1989 | 0.37J | NA |
| 1991 | 12.J | ||
| acetone | 1989 | 0.011J | 200R |
| 1991 | ND (0.18) | ||
| antimony | 1989 | ND (7.1) | 0.8R |
| 1991 | 19.8J | ||
| arsenic | 1989 | 95.9 | 0.6E, 0.5C |
| 1991 | 16.5 | ||
| barium | 1989 | 594 | 100R |
| 1991 | 70.7 | ||
| benzene | 1989 | ND (0.008) | 20C |
| 1991 | 0.001J | ||
| benzo(a)anthracene | 1989 | 1.7 | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 17.J | ||
| benzo(b)fluoranthene | 1989 | 3 | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 290.X | ||
| benzo(k)fluoranthene | 1989 | ND (1.1) | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 290.X | ||
| benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 1989 | 1.8 | NA |
| 1991 | 37.J | ||
| benzo(a)pyrene | 1989 | 0.91 | 0.1C |
| 1991 | 35.J | ||
| beryllium | 1989 | 157 | 10R, 0.2C |
| 1991 | 0.41 | ||
| gamma-BHC | 1989 | ND (0.27) | 0.08Ei, carcinogen |
| 1991 | 0.00044J | ||
| delta-BHC | 1989 | ND (0.27) | NA |
| 1991 | 0.0022J | ||
| bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 1989 | 6.2 | 40R, 50C |
| 1991 | 0.55J | ||
| butylbenzylphthalate | 1989 | ND (1.1) | 400R, carcinogen |
| 1991 | 0.07J | ||
| cadmium | 1989 | 4,900 | 1E, carcinogen |
| 1991 | 2,210 | ||
| chlorobenzene | 1989 | 0.003 | 40R |
| 1991 | ND (0.012) | ||
| chloroform | 1989 | ND (0.01) | 20E, 100C |
| 1991 | 0.078 | ||
| chromium (total) | 1989 | 14,500 | 2,000R
(III) 10R, 60C (VI) |
| 1991 | 3,000. | ||
| chrysene | 1989 | 2.1 | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 11 | ||
| cobalt | 1989 | 19.9 | NA |
| 1991 | 9.6 | ||
| copper | 1989 | 2,110 | NA |
| 1991 | 882 | ||
| cyanide | 1989 | 171 | 40R |
| 1991 | 584 | ||
| dibenzo(a)anthracene | 1989 | ND (1.1) | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 15.J | ||
| dibenzofuran | 1989 | 0.42J | NA |
| 1991 | 0.067J | ||
| 1,4-dichlorobenzene | 1989 | ND (1.1) | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 0.86J | ||
| 1,2-dichloroethylene (total) | 1989 | ND (0.008) | 40R
(trans) NA (cis) |
| 1991 | 0.014 | ||
| dimethyl phthalate | 1989 | ND (1.1) | NA |
| 1991 | 0.072J | ||
| di-n-octylphthalate | 1989 | ND (1.1) | NA |
| 1991 | 0.081J | ||
| ethyl benzene | 1989 | 0.005 | 200R |
| 1991 | ND (0.012) | ||
| indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | 1989 | 1.7J | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 42.J | ||
| lead | 1989 | 132 | carcinogen |
| 1991 | 99.6 | ||
| manganese | 1989 | 5,160 | 300R |
| 1991 | 462.J | ||
| mercury | 1989 | ND (0.18) | NA |
| 1991 | 0.42 | ||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 1989 | 0.025J | 1,000R |
| 1991 | 0.016 | ||
| methylene chloride | 1989 | 0.09 | 100R, 90C |
| 1991 | ND (0.093) | ||
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 1989 | 0.4J | NA |
| 1991 | 0.086J | ||
| naphthalene | 1989 | 0.11J | NA |
| 1991 | 1.5J | ||
| nickel | 1989 | 14,400 | 40R, carcinogen |
| 1991 | 2,150 | ||
| 4-nitrophenol | 1989 | ND (5.2) | NA |
| 1991 | 0.035J | ||
| PCBs | 1989 | 0.55J | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| 1991 | 0.21J | ||
| phenanthrene | 1989 | 3.8 | NA |
| 1991 | 4.7J | ||
| thallium | 1989 | 19.4J | NA |
| 1991 | 0.23J | ||
| trichloroethylene | 1989 | 0.083 | 4Ei, 60C |
| 1991 | 0.2 | ||
| vanadium | 1989 | 84.9 | 6Ei |
| 1991 | 23 | ||
| xylenes (total) | 1989 | 0.024 | 400Ei |
| 1991 | ND (0.012) | ||
| zinc | 1989 | 2,480 | 600R |
| 1991 | 915 |
Reference: 1
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values
Contaminants of concern that are not listed were not detected
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
J -- Estimated Value
X -- Total benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene
NA -- None Available
(III) -- For chromium(III)
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-duration exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)
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