PETITIONED PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
NEWTOWN COMMUNITY
GAINESVILLE, HALL COUNTY, GEORGIA
TRI Facility Locations Around the Newtown Community
TRI Facility Locations Around the Newtown Community
Figure 1. Age Distribution in Newtown
Table 1. Black Group and County Age Group Data, 1998 Projection*
| Age Group | Block Group 2 Population | % of total Block Group 2 Pop. | County Population | % of Total County Pop. |
| Less than 6 years | 60 | 7.3% | 10,186 | 8.6% |
| 6-17 years | 115 | 14% | 20,088 | 17% |
| 18-24 years | 44 | 5.4% | 11,305 | 9.5% |
| 25-34 years | 125 | 15.3% | 17,577 | 14.8% |
| 35-44 years | 108 | 13.2% | 18,918 | 16% |
| 45-54 years | 108 | 13.2% | 15,944 | 13.5% |
| 55-64 years | 80 | 9.8% | 10,139 | 8.6% |
| 65+ years | 179 | 21.8% | 14,222 | 12% |
APPENDIX C: AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM AND TOXICOLOGY RESOURCE INDEX DATA INFORMATION
Aerometric Information Retrieval System Facility Subsystem (http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/air.html
)
Information on air releases is contained in the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS), a computer-based repository for information about air pollution in the United States. This information comes from source reports by various stationary sources of air pollution, such as electric power plants, steel mills, factories, and universities, and provides information about the air pollutants they produce. In AIRS, these sources are known as facilities, and the part of AIRS associated with data about sources is called the AIRS Facility Subsystem, or AFS. The information in AFS is used by the states to prepare State Implementation Plans, to track the compliance status of point sources (locations) with various regulatory programs, and to report air emissions estimates for pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act.
Environmental facts on air release information specifically relates to industrial plants and their components (stacks, points, and segments). This data provides valuable information not only about the industrial facilities, but about the chemicals they introduce into your local air. There is information available on managing operating permit application and renewals.
AIRS contains both emissions and compliance data on air pollution point sources regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and/or state and local air regulatory agencies. AFS contains data on industrial plants and their components: stacks, the points at which emissions are introduced into the atmosphere; points, the emission point or process within a plant that produces the pollutant emissions; and segments, which are components of the processes that produce emissions.
AIRS data reports do not include all point source (locations) that are subject to EPA regulations governing air pollutant emissions. AIRS data includes about 10,000 sources for which state environmental agencies have compiled air pollutant emissions inventories and stored that information in EPA's AIRS database. Approximately 30,000 additional major sources governed by EPA regulations are omitted from AIRS data because air pollutant emissions estimates are not available in AIRS.
Furthermore, AIRS data does not include estimates of air pollutant emissions from mobile or area sources. Mobile sources encompass just about everything that has an engine and moves -- cars, trucks, buses, airplanes, boats, lawn mowers, and so on. Area sources are small point sources, such as residential furnaces and fireplaces, and diffuse sources, such as dirt roads and forests. (Some forests are prodigious sources of volatile organic compounds.) Since these source types are not in the AIRS database, they are not in AIRS data, either.
Table 1. AIRS Database- Facilities Determined to be Significant Sources of Emissions1
| EPA FACILITY ID | PLANT NAME | STREET ADDRESS | CITY NAME | STACKS 2 | POINTS 3 | |
| 1 | GAD114452113 | BENJAMIN BLATT | 2100 ATLANTA HWY | GAINESVILLE | 4 | 5 |
| 2 | GAD096634985 | CARGILL | P.O. BOX 1298 | GAINESVILLE | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | GAD000865600 | GAINESVILLE FLAT CREEK WPCP | 2641 OLD FLOWERY BRANCH RD. | GAINESVILLE | 2 | 2 |
| 4 | GAD984282665 | GEORGIA DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION | BOX 1057 US 129 E | GAINESVILLE | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | GAD000821843 | MILLIKEN & CO NEW HOLLAND MILL | 1750 JESSE JEWELL PKWY | GAINESVILLE | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | GA0001420454 | MITCHELL CONST CO | 1393 CANDLER RD. | GAINESVILLE | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | GAD980709604 | MORENO PRESS | 3915 OLD MUNDY MILL ROAD | OAKWOOD | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | GAD033724923 | PHILYAW T A CO INC | WHITE SULFUR RD. | GAINESVILLE | 1 | 1 |
| 9 | GA0001420520 | PITTMAN CONSTRUCTION CO | 4195 FRIENDSHIP RD | BUFORD | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | GA0001420413 | SHEPHERD CONST 619 | STATE HWY 60 EAST | CANDLER | 1 | 1 |
Bolded facilities are within 4 miles of the Newtown Community
1 By Environmental Protection Agency, Total Number of Facilities Displayed: 10
of 106 results. These facilities are considered significant sources of industrial
emissions by the US EPA and the Ga EPD.
2 Stacks:Indicates
the number of stacks monitored within a facility.
3 Points: Indicates the number of points monitored within a facility.
Toxicology Resource Inventory Facility Data
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/cbep/actlocal/tri-nord.htm
The Toxicology Resource Inventory (TRI) contains information from companies and government facilities that meet the requirements listed below:
For each facility that meets these requirements, the facility must report:
For each chemical that the facility reports, the following must be provided:
TRI also contains some information about source reduction efforts. Since 1987, data has been collected for more than 300 chemicals that EPA considers toxic. In 1995, 286 additional chemicals were included on the list. Beginning with the 1994 reporting year, federal facilities are required to report TRI chemical releases. Companies and government facilities provide the TRI information annually to EPA.
Table 2. Toxic Release Inventory Sites 1987-19981 for Hall County, Gainesville, Georgia
| Num | Facility ID | Facility Name | Street | City | Standard Industrial Classification Code | Standard Industrial Classification Code Description | Closed? |
| 1 | GAD981238199 | Caradon Indalex | 2905 Old Oakwood Rd. | Gainesville | 3354 | Aluminum Extruded Products | N |
| 2 | GAD096634985 | Cargill Inc. | 862 W. Ridge Rd. | Gainesville | 2075 | Soybean Oil Mills | N |
| 3 | GAD114452113 | Benjamin Blatt and Chicopee Inc.
(Became Johnson & Johnson Advanced Materials Co.) |
21OO Atlanta Hwy. PO Box 8029 Blackshew Pl. Rd. | Gainesville | 3081 | Unsupported Plastics Film and Sheet | N |
| 4 | GAD984280016 | Conagra Broiler Co. | 949 Industrial Blvd. | Gainesville | 2015 | Poultry Slaughtering and Processing | N |
| 5 | GAD981218332 | Conagra Broiler Co. | 979 Moreno St. | Gainesville | 2048 | Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients for Animals and Fowls, Except Dogs and Cats | N |
| 6 | GAD061441945 | Continental Grain Wayne Farms Div. | Wayne Poultry Rd. | Pendergrass | 2015 | Poultry Slaughtering and Processing | N |
| 7 | GAD984274878 | Continental Grain Wayne Farms | 875 Indl. Blvd. | Gainesville | 2048 | Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients for Animals and Fowls, Except Dogs and Cats | N |
| 8 | GA0001298413 | Deep South Prods. Inc. | 2255 White Sulphur Rd. | Gainesville | 2033 | Canned Fruits, Vegetables, Preserves, Jams, and Jellies | N |
| 9 | GAD057704447 | Fieldale Farms Corp. Gainesville Plant | 959 Dorsey St. S.W. | Gainesville | 2015 | Poultry Slaughtering and Processing | N |
| 10 | GAD984280073 | Fieldale Farms Corp. Queen City Foods | 1540 Monroe Dr. | Gainesville | 2015 | Poultry Slaughtering and Processing | N |
| 11 | GAD003278249 | Georgia Chair Co. | 456 Industrial Blvd. | Gainesville | 2531 | Public Building and Related Furniture | N |
| 12 | GAD115319204 | Lincoln Electric Co. Harris Calorific Div. | 2345 Murphy Blvd. | Gainesville | 3548 | Electric and Gas Welding and Soldering Equipment | N |
| 13 | GAD984296863 | Macklanburg Duncan Co. | 2095 Memorial Park Rd. | Gainesville | 3354 | Aluminum Extruded Products | N |
| 14 | GAD000821843 | Milliken and New Holland Plant | 1750 Jesse Jewel Pky. | Gainesville | 2281 | Yarn Spinning Mills | N |
| 15 | GAD981216138 | Peachtree Doors Inc. | 2744 Ramsey Rd. | Gainesville | 3442 | Metal Doors, Sash, Frames, Molding, and Trim | N |
| 16 | GAD131327546 | Piedmont Labs. Inc. | 2030 Old Candler Rd. | Gainesville | 2841 | Soap and Other Detergents, Except Specialty Cleaners | N |
| 17 | GAD046893822 | Prestolite Electric Inc. Leece-Neville Div. | 989 Athens St. S.E. | Gainesville | 3694 | Electrical Equipment for Internal Combustion Engines | Y |
| 18 | GAD984274902 | Purina Mills Inc. | 1125 Purina Dr. S.E. | Gainesville | 2048 | Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients for Animals and Fowls, Except Dogs and Cats | N |
| 19 | GAD981226541 | Teledyne CAE Gainesville Div. | 1215 Palmour Dr. | Gainesville | 3764 | Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Units and Propulsion Unit Parts | N |
| 20 | GAD980709604 | World Color, Dittler Divis, Oakwood Factory, formerly Dittler Brothers Inc. Oakwood Div. | 3915 Old Mundy Mill Rd. | Oakwood | 2752 | Commercial Printing, Lithographic | N |
1The 20 facilities listed in this Table released more than 500 pounds during the study period. They were selected by ATSDR from a total of 39 facilities listed in the EPA TRI database.
APPENDIX D: ATSDR DISPERSION MODEL
The Industrial Source Complex, Version 3 Short Term Model (ISC3ST) model was used. The ISC3ST model was run via a commercial interface called BREEZE ISC SUITE (Version 3.2.2) made by Trinity Consultants, Inc. Besides the emission rates and stack parameters shown in Tables 1 and 2, the following parameters were used:
Two sets of meteorological data were used:
. Available data included the
years 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1991.) for years the years 1998 through 2000. Missing data
within these years were filled with values as specified in guidance from U.S. EPA [86]. When specification in
the guidance for filling missing data could not be met, ATSDR assumed worst case conditions that would
result in higher concentrations at ground level. The data collected at the Gilmer Memorial Airport were
collected from an Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) meteorological station. These stations
replace conventional human observations for recording near-surface weather conditions. The ASOS system
lacks the observational ability of the human observer to spatially integrate some of the weather elements over
a large area. Two such elements are ceiling height and opaque cloud cover, which are important in estimating
atmospheric stability and mixing heights required for applications of several regulatory and nonregulatory
dispersion models. The effects of these changes on model results (including the ISC3ST model) has been
explored by EPA [87]. In summary, they found that concentrations are higher using ASOS data versus
human observed data with the differences, in part, due to the 12,000 foot ceiling height measurement of
ASOS. In the case of Gainesville, ATSDR feels that ceiling height was probably not a significant factor
although the concentrations in the Newtown Community were slightly higher when using the human observed
data collected at the Atlanta airport versus the ASOS collected data in Gainesville. A direct comparison
between these two meteorological stations and the two different data collection methods was not possible
because Atlanta airport data is now collected by ASOS and there is no overlap in years with data collected by
human observation at the Atlanta airport and data collected by ASOS in Gainesville. The Atlanta airport data
were from the years 1984 through 1992 and Gainesville data were from the years 1997 through 2000. The
Atlanta airport started collecting data using ASOS in 1995.Model Uncertainty. ISC3ST model uncertainty has been discussed elsewhere [88]. For flat terrain and receptors located within 10 kilometers (6.2 miles), the ratio of the predicted (P) to observed (O) values ranged between 0.5 to 2 (i.e. P/O is between ½ and 2) with probability 0.90. ATSDR's comparison of model to monitored results was within this range for those compounds not from mobile sources or from long distance transport (see Page D-7).
Table 1. List of Facilities and Amount of Emissions Modeled by ATSDR
| Facility | Chemical | Release Rate (pounds/year) | Year of Release |
| Benjamin Blatt/Chicopee Inc./Johnson & Johnson Advanced Materials Co. | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Xylenes |
12000 41318 |
1987 1994 |
| Caradon Indalex | Ethylbenzene Methylene chloride Methylethyl ketone Xylenes |
8080 6600 13330 100958 |
1990 1990 1993 1993 |
| Cargill | Hexane | 1,263,200 | 1983 |
| Conagra Poultry Co. | Ammonia Arsenic |
35000 2100 |
1991, 1987, 1988, 1989 |
| Continental Grain/Wayne Farms Div. | Ammonia | 15948 | 1994 |
| Deep South Product, Inc. | Ammonia | 13,700 | 1993 |
| Fielddale Farms Corp., Gainesville Plant | Chlorine Ammonia |
53300 44820 |
1990 1992 |
| Georgia Chair Company | Cumene Ethylbenzene Formaldehyde Glycol Ether Lead Methylethyl ketone Methylisobutyl ketone Methanol Toluene Vinyl acetate Xylene |
40 1400 80 1000 2.4 34400 8400 460 83600 280 66000 |
1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 |
| Lincoln Electric/Harris Calorific | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 72,543 | 1987 |
| Macklanburg-Duncan Co. | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Nitric acid Sulfuric acid |
999 10795 16367 |
1992, 1993 1993, 1994 1993 |
| Milliken & Co., New Holland Plant | Methanol | 192800 | 1996 |
| Peachtree Doors and Windows | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 27050 | 1992 |
| Piedmont Labs Inc. | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methylene chloride Glycol ether Methanol Toluene Xylene mixed |
1782 2420 2831 8498 1222 1239 |
1991 1994 1991 1991 1991 1991 |
| Prestolite Electric Inc., Leece-Neville Div. | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Freon Toluene Xylenes |
4801 11871 10058 16290 |
1991 1991 1987 1989 |
| Purina Mills | Copper Manganese Zinc |
20 509 509 |
1992-4 1990-4 1991-3 |
| Teledyne CAE, Gainesville Division | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Freon |
13,413 39,671 |
1989 1988 |
| World Color, Dittler Division, Oakwood Factory/Moreno Press | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Cyclohexane Glycol ethers Methylethyl ketone Toluene |
490205 900 43500 20888 5000 |
1988 1994 1993 1990 1994 |
1 EPA TRI= Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Release Inventory
Table 2. List of Facilities and Stack Parameters used in
ATSDR Model
| Company | Point Source Parameters | Source/Note | |||
| Stack
Height (meters) |
Temperature
of Exit Gas (degrees Kelvin) |
Diameter
of Stack at Exit (meters) |
Exit
Gas Velocity (meters/second) |
||
| Caradon Indalex | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Cargill Stack No. 14 Stack No. 15 Stack No. 30 Stack No. 31 Stack No. 32 |
3.35 3.65 27.43 14.3 1 |
366 327 300 300 305.37 |
20.27 22.58 12.12 17.55 0.0091 |
0.54 0.814 0.866 0.506 11.51 |
2 |
| Benjamin Blatt/Chicopee Inc./Johnson & Johnson Advanced Materials Co. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 2 |
| Conagra Poultry Co. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Continental Grain/Wayne Farms Div. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 2 |
| Deep South Product, Inc. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 2 |
|
World Color, Dittler Division, Oakwood Factory/Moreno Press Stack No. 1 Stack No. 2 |
12.8 10.7 |
450 422 |
0.49 1.16 |
|
2 |
| Fielddale Farms | 6.1 | 293 | 3.80 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Georgia Chair Company Stack No. S1 Stack No. S2 Stack No. S3 Stack No. S4 Stack No. S5 Stack No. S6 Stack No. S7 Stack No. S8 Stack No. S10 Stack No. S11 Stack No. S12 Stack No. GP |
3.96 9.45 9.45 1.22 7.62 3.96 7.62 13.7 13.7 10.7 10.7 1.22 |
298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 |
0.6096 0.6096 0.6096 0.6096 0.6096 0.6096 0.6096 3.66 0.457 0.457 0.6096 0.6096 |
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 |
2 |
| Lincoln Electric/Harris Calorific | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Macklanberg-Duncan Co. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Milliken & Co., New New Holland Plant Stack No. SL1 Stack No. SL2 Stack No. SL3 Stack No. SL4 |
9.14 9.14 9.14 9.14 |
336 336 336 336 |
0.799 0.914 0.799 0.799 |
12.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 |
2 |
| Peachtree Doors and Windows | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 2 |
| Piedmont Labs Inc. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Prestolite Electric Inc., Leece-Neville Div. | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
| Purina Mills | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 4 |
| Teledyne CAE, Gainesville Division | 6.1 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1 |
Table 2 Notes
1. No stack data available from AIRS or EPD files. ATSDR then selected a set of stack values that would be indicative of fugitive emissions with a stack height from the roof of a 2-story building, a release rate that was very slow, at exit gas temperatures near ambient temperatures. These values are:
Stack Height = 6.1 meters (20 feet)
Temperature of Exit Gas = 293oK (20oC or 68oF)
Diameter of Stack at Exit = 1 meter (3.2 feet)
Exit Gas Velocity = 0.10 meters/second (0.33 feet/second)
For emissions data, ATSDR used the highest emission rates reported from the TRI database. In most cases, the emission rates for different compounds occurred in different years. For example, the TRI database reported that Benjamin Blatt/Chicopee Inc./Johnson & Johnson Advanced Materials Co. emitted 1,1,1-trichloroethane in 1987 and 1988 and emitted xylene from 1991 through 1994. The highest level of 1,1,1-trichloroethane emissions occurred in 1987 and the highest level of xylene emissions occurred in 1994. ATSDR used the highest emissions regardless of the year. This means that the modeled emissions did not represent real conditions but hypothetical worst case conditions.
2. Cargill, Georgia Chair, and Milliken & Co., New Holland Plant,
Stack data and emission rates per stack were available from the Georgia
EPD Files.
For Cargill, emission rates of hexane were available for each of the 5 stacks in 1993 with the total amount of
hexane released at 566.2 tons/year. According the files, 631.6 tons of hexane were released in 1983 [83].
ATSDR used this greater release amount and apportioned the 631.6 tons to each of the 5 stacks based on the
proportions used for the 566.2 tons. The spatial location of the stacks at Cargill was approximated using the
relative coordinates identified in the air modeling completed by Courtney Consultants, Inc (1995) and a1993
georeferenced aerial photograph obtained from www.terraserver.microsoft.com showing the buildings at
Cargill.
Georgia Chair emission rates for each of its 12 stacks was available from a Toxic Impact Assessment Report completed by Georgia Chair in 1998. Georgia Chair's October 22, 1996 air permit application reported a total higher potential emission rate but this application did not include stack specific data. ATSDR apportioned the higher emission rate of the 1996 permit application to each of the stacks based on the proportions of emissions reported in the 1998 assessment. Lead which was reported in the 1996 permit was not reported in the stack specific data of the Toxic Impact Assessment Report. Therefore, lead was not included. The lead release rate of 2.4 pounds/year reported in the Toxic Impact Assessment Report is very low and not significant compared to the other emissions from Georgia Chair.
The spatial location of each stack at Georgia Chair was approximated by using the building layouts and stack
locations shown in Figure 3 in the October 22, 1996 permit and a 1993 georeferenced aerial photograph
obtained from www.terraserver.microsoft.com showing the buildings at Georgia Chair
Milliken & Co., New Holland Plant emission rates of methanol was obtained for each of four individual stacks. Spatial location information was not located for each individual stack so the all four stacks were released from the same location. This location was set at the closest location at the Milliken facility to the Newtown Community. From the model results presented in Section IV.A.2, the inaccuracy of this location is not important because the emissions of methanol from this facility is not significant compared the to cumulative emissions of the other facilities.
The modeled emission rates were based on the method discussed for note 1.
3. World Color, Dittler Division
Stack data was available from AIRS.The data in AIRS provided information
on two stacks for World Color, Dittler Division but information on specific
HAPs from each stack was not available. Furthermore, the emissions were reported
as fugitive and stack emissions. ATSDR assumed all the emissions were from fugitive
emissions which will give higher ground level concentrations. The modeled emission
rates were based on the method discussed for note 1.
4. Purina
Physical stack parameters were available for Purina but data on emissions
rates of HAPs from each stack was not available. The emissions rates were reported
in the TRI data as fugitive emissions and not emitted from a stack. Therefore,
ATSDR used the generic conditions used for facilities without stack information
as listed in item 1. The modeled emission rates were based on the method discussed
for note 1.
Table 3. Comparison of ATSDR's Modeled Results to Georgia's Air Monitoring
| Chemical | ATSDR Model (g/m3) | Measured (µg/m3) 1 | Comment | ||
| Upper Value | Lower Value | Mean | |||
| Arsenic | 0.005991619 | 0.018 | 0.002 | 0.00529 | Modeled concentration within range of measured |
| Cumene | 6.13272E-06 | <0.0707 | <0.0707 | <0.0707 | The compound was detected above the sampling and analysis detection limit. ATSDR's is below the detection limit. |
| Ethyl Benzene | 0.001723788 | 1.56 | 0.1 | 1.42 | Mobile sources are the predominant source of this chemical. Mobile emissions were not included in the ATSDR Model. |
| Freon 114 | 0.086127831 | <2.47 | <2.47 | <2.47 | The compound was detected above the sampling and analysis detection limit. ATSDR's modeled value is below the detection limit. |
| Hexane | 4.055856667 | 4.3 | 0.0707 | 2.06 | Modeled concentration within range of measured |
| Manganese | 0.005765472 | 0.022 | 0.00041 | 0.00914 | Modeled concentration within range of measured |
| Methylene Chloride | 0.002397039 | 46.9 | 1.2 | 3.5 | Predominant sources of this compound are background concentrations which are sources greater than 50 km from the site and other small sources not accounted for in ATSDR's the modeling. |
| Toluene | 0.10275417 | 7.2 | 1.2 | 2.46 | Mobile sources are the predominant source of this chemical. Mobile emissions were not included in the ATSDR Model. |
| Zinc | 0.005765472 | 0.136 | 0.00017 | 0.0427 | Modeled concentration within range of measured |
1 ug/m3= micrograms per cubic meter of air
Figure 1. Arsenic Concentrations in Air Modeled from Point Sources Using Different Meteorology
Figure 2. Manganese Concentrations in Air Modeled from Point Sources Using Different Meteorology
Figure 3. Hexane Concentrations in Air Modeled from Point Sources Using Different Meteorology
Figure 4. Theoretical Cancer Risk From Air Emissions
Figure 5. Theoretical Noncancer Hazard Index
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