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1. ATSDR > Public Health Assessments & Consultations

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

EVALUATION OF CURRENT (1990 TO 2003) AND FUTURE CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN THE VICINITY OF THE OAK RIDGE RESERVATION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OAK RIDGE RESERVATION
OAK RIDGE, ANDERSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE
EPA FACILITY ID: TN1890090003

January 2007

Prepared by:

Site and Radiological Assessment Branch
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF APPENDICES

I. SUMMARY

II. BACKGROUND

II.A. Site Description
II.B. Operational History

Y-12 Plant
X-10 Site
K-25 Site
S-50 Site
II.C. Remedial and Regulatory History
II.D. Land Use and Natural Resources
II.E. Demographics
II.F. Public Health Activities
II.G. Past Screening Evaluation

III. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND POTENTIAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

III.A. Introduction
What Does Exposure Mean?
How Does ATSDR Determine Which Exposure Situations to Evaluate?
If People Are Exposed, Will They Get Sick?
III.B. Methodology
Comparing Environmental Concentrations to Comparison Values
Comparing Estimated Exposure Doses to Screening Guideline Values
Comparing Estimated Exposure Doses to Health Effect Levels
Sources for Health-Based Guidelines
III.C. Environmental Data
III.D. Screening Results
Off-Site Soil
Off-Site Sediment
Off-Site Surface Water
Biota
Air

IV. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

IV.A. Introduction
IV.B. Children's Health Considerations
Arsenic
Iron
Lead
IV.C. Public Health Evaluation
Aldrin/Dieldrin
Antimony
Arsenic
Benzidine
Cadmium
Chromium
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol
Dioxin (Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins)
Heptachlor Epoxide
Alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Alpha-HCH)
Iron
Manganese
Thallium
Toxaphene
Multiple Chemical Exposures
IV.D. Pregnant and Breast-Feeding Women's Health Considerations

V. HEALTH OUTCOME DATA EVALUATION

VI. COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

VI.A. Chemical Mixtures
VI.B. Future Land Use
VI.C. General Concerns
VI.D. Odor/Stench/Public Nuisance
VI.E. Ongoing Activities of Health Concern
VI.F. Screening Issues
VI.G. Soil, Sediment, and Surface Water Concerns
VI.H. Scarboro Concerns
VI.I. Cancer Concerns
VI.J. Private Vegetable Gardens

VII. CONCLUSIONS

VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS

IX. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

X. PREPARERS OF REPORT

XI. REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Population of Counties Surrounding the ORR from 1940 to 2000
Table 2. Population of Cities Surrounding the ORR from 1940 to 2000
Table 3. Parameters Used in the Exposure Dose Calculations for ORR
Table 4. Estimated Pica Child Exposure Doses for Chemicals Detected in Off-Site Soil Compared to Acute Screening Guidelines
Table 5. Summary of Completed and Potential Exposure Pathways for Contaminants Above Screening Guidelines
Table 6. Estimated Exposure Doses for Aldrin and Dieldrin
Table 7. Estimated Exposure Doses for Arsenic
Table 8. Estimated Exposure Doses for Cadmium
Table 9. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chromium
Table 10. Exposure Doses for Dioxin
Table 11. Estimated Exposure Doses for Heptachlor Epoxide
Table 12. Estimated Exposure Doses for alpha-HCH
Table 13. Estimated Exposure Doses and Daily Intake Rates for Iron
Table 14. Estimated Exposure Doses for Thallium
Table 15. Estimated Exposure Doses for Toxaphene
Table 16. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Soil Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 17. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Soil Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 18. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Sediment Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 19. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Sediment Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 20. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Surface Water Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 21. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Off-Site Surface Water Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 22. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in EFPC Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 23. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in EFPC Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 24. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in the Clinch River Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 25. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in the Clinch River Compared to Cancer Screening Guideline
Table 26. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in WBR Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 27. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught in WBR Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 28. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught On Site Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 29. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Fish Caught On Site Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 30. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Game Caught On Site Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 31. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Vegetation Species Collected Off Site Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 32. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Vegetation Collected Off Site Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines
Table 33. Chemicals Detected at Air Monitoring Stations
Table 34. Chemicals Detected in the Soil in the Scarboro Community
Table 35. Chemicals Detected in the Sediment in the Scarboro Community
Table 36. Chemicals Detected in the Surface Water in the Scarboro Community
Table 37. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Scarboro Compared to Noncancer Screening Guidelines
Table 38. Estimated Exposure Doses for Chemicals in Scarboro Compared to Cancer Screening Guidelines

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the Oak Ridge Reservation
Figure 2. Demographics Within a 5-Mile Radius of the ORR
Figure 3. State of Tennessee Screening Process for Past Exposure
Figure 4. ATSDR Chemical Screening Process
Figure 5. Possible Exposure Situations Evaluated
Figure 6. ORRHES Area of Interest
Figure 7. Results from ATSDR's Chemical Screening Process
Figure 8. ATSDR Chemical Screening Process for Scarboro

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A. ATSDR Glossary of Environmental Health Terms
Appendix B. Off-site Chemicals Without a Comparison Value
Table B-1. Chemicals Detected in Off-site Soil
Table B-2. Chemicals Detected in Off-site Sediment
Table B-3. Chemicals Detected in Off-site Surface Water
Table B-4. Chemicals Detected in Fish Collected Off-site
Table B-5. Chemicals Detected in Off-site Game
Table B-6. Chemicals Detected in Scarboro
Appendix C. Summary Briefs
TDOH's Phase I Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Study
TDOH's Task 7 Study: Screening-Level Evaluation of Additional Potential Materials of Concern
EPA and ATSDR's A Guide to Healthy Eating of the Fish You Catch
Appendix D. Media Maps
Appendix E. Responses to Public Comments
Appendix F. Responses to Peer Review Comments

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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