ATSDR - PHA - SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT, SACRAMENTO, SACRAMENTO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

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ATSDR > Public Health Assessments & Consultations

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

Figure 1. Area Map

Figure 2. Site Map of Eight IRP Sites, Parking Lot 3, Freon 113 Area, and Contractors Spoils Area

Figure 3. Site Map of 13 SWMU Sites

Figure 4. Site Map of 29 Non-SWMU Sites, Drum Storage Area, and Dark Feature on 1949 Aerial Photo

Figure 5. Sacramento County Census Tract

Figure 6. Demographics within a 1-Mile Radius of SADA

Figure 7. ATSDR's Exposure Evaluation Process

Figure 8. Off-Site Wells

TABLE 1. EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

Pathway Name	Source of Contamination	Environmental Medium	Point of Exposure	Route of Exposure	Exposed Population	Comment
Groundwater in the vicinity of the South Post (SP) plume	South Post Burn Pits	Groundwater	Water supplied by nine private off-site wells	Ingestion Inhalation Dermal	Approximately 50-100 employees and 15-20 residents	Past: To be conservative, ATSDR assumed that contaminants first reached the nine private off-site wells when the South Post Burn Pits first became operational in the late 1950s. The water from wells at Eastman Products, Ellis Company, and at least two residences was definitely used for drinking water. (Eastman Products and Ellis Company stopped using the water for drinking in 1986 and started receiving bottled water. It is unclear when the residential wells were removed from use.) The other five wells may also have been used for drinking water, but this has not been confirmed. Although past populations were exposed, contaminants detected in the wells were too low to pose a health hazard. Present: The residences and businesses associated with the nine off-site wells currently receive their water from municipal wells or Citizens Utilities' wells. We assume, therefore, that the nine private wells are not being used. Future: It is highly unlikely that future exposures will pose a health hazard because remedial activities should restore the groundwater to conditions that are acceptable for drinking.

Appendix A. Evaluation of Potential Public Health Hazards Associated with the 55 Sites at SADA

SADA Sites Site Description/Waste
Disposal History Investigational Results/
Environmental Monitoring
Results Corrective Activities and Current Status ATSDR's Evaluation of Public Health Hazards

EIGHT INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM (IRP) SITES

South Post Burn Pits Soil Operable Unit Between the late 1950s and 1966, plating shop wastes, paints, sludges, oil and grease, batteries, and construction debris were incinerated in the South Post Burn Pits. Soil: Seven organics, two PCBs, dioxins/furans, and 12 metals detected. The organic contamination extended down to the groundwater table. The other contaminants were generally isolated to the top 21 feet of soil. Corrective Activities:

SVE treatment completed in 1994.
Soil excavated, stabilized, and placed in corrective action management unit (CAMU).
Confirmation soil samples collected. Clean-up levels achieved.
Current Status:

Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was (past scenario) and is (current scenario) highly restricted. Past and current exposures for the general public are therefore highly unlikely. Future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities have reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.

South Post Ground-water Plume Operable Unit VOCs from the South Post Burn Pits migrated to the groundwater. The South Post Groundwater Plume extends at least 1,900 feet off site. Groundwater: VOCs (TCE, PCE, cis and trans 1,2-DCA, DCE, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform) detected in the plume. VOCs detected in private off-site production wells during sampling events conducted in the 1980s. Corrective Activities:
Seven extraction wells (EW-1 through EW-7) installed in 1989.
Water treatment system operational since 1989.
Two horizontal wells (EW-12 and EW-13) and two vertical wells (EW-10 and EW-11) installed in 1996.
Groundwater monitoring program implemented to ensure that clean-up levels are achieved and maintained.
Current Status:

Water treatment activities are ongoing.
Groundwater: The groundwater associated with the South Post plume does not pose a health hazard for past, current, or future scenarios (see applicable section in this PHA and Table 1 for a detailed evaluation).

Oxidation Lagoons Operable Unit Between the 1950s and 1972, SADA's domestic and industrial wastewater was discharged to the lagoons and then drained to Old Morrison Creek via three drainage ditches. Soil: Twenty-two metals (11 above background concentrations) detected in the first 2 feet of soil. Corrective Activities:

Soil excavated, stabilized, and placed in CAMU.
Confirmation soil samples collected. Cleanup levels achieved.
Current Status:

Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was (past scenario) and is (current scenario) highly restricted. Past and current exposures for the general public are therefore highly unlikely. Future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently affected by soil contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Tank 2 Operable Unit Tank 2, a 1,000-gallon tank, was used to store waste solvents until 1982. The tank had deteriorated and leaks were suspected. Soil: Twenty-two contaminants (including VOCs, PAHs, and pesticides) detected. The contaminants were isolated between 9 and 31 feet. Corrective Activities:
Tank emptied in 1982.
Tank removed in 1986.
SVE treatment completed.
Confirmation soil samples collected. Clean-up levels achieved.
Current Status:

Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: No past exposures occurred because all contamination was limited to the subsurface. Even if the subsurface soils have been (current scenario) or will be (future scenario) brought to the surface, there will still be no health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently affected by soil contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Building 300 Burn Pit Between 1945 and the 1950s, plating shop wastes containing acids, alkali, cyanide, heavy metals, paint sludges, radium dial paint, mercury batteries, oil, grease, refuse, and other industrial waste were buried or burned in this area. In addition, several sumps and underground piping suspected to be associated with radioactive disposal were buried in the area. Soil: VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, furans, and metals detected. Corrective Activities:
Piping, soil, water, and sediments from the three sumps excavated and removed in 1994.
Sumps removed.
Soil excavated, stabilized, and placed in CAMU.
Confirmation soil samples collected. Clean-up levels achieved.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was (past scenario) and is (current scenario) highly restricted. Past and current exposures for the general public are therefore are highly unlikely. Future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently affected by soil contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Pesticide Mixing Area This area was used to mix pesticides until 1981. Containers used in the mixing process were rinsed in an outdoor utility sink. Rinse water entered the soils via a drain pipe that emptied straight to the ground. Soil: Pesticides (4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDD, 2,4-DDT, and prometon) detected in the first 4 feet of soil.
Groundwater: No contaminants detected in samples collected from hydropunch borings. Corrective Activities:
Approximately 225 tons of contaminated soils removed and disposed off site in 1993.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was highly restricted and past exposures for the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently affected by soil contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Battery Disposal Area Between 1946 and 1947, this area was used as a disposal site for spent batteries and other debris. Soil (pre-excavation):
Six metals detected above background concentrations.
Soil (post-excavation):
Lead and arsenic detected above background concentrations but at concentrations that do not pose a health hazard.
Groundwater: All metals detected in hydropunch samples were within background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Approximately 400 tons of soil and debris (containing heavy metals) excavated during remedial and site investigations.
Excavated soils stabilized and placed in CAMU.
Confirmation soil samples collected. Clean-up levels achieved.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was highly restricted and past exposures for the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently affected by soil contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Fire Fighting Training Area This area was reported to consist of a shallow, unlined pit. Reports indicate that 1,000-1,500 gallons of gasoline, oil, and JP-4 fuel were poured into the pit and ignited. Soil: No VOCs, metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, or pesticides/PCBs detected. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no physical evidence that the reported activities actually occurred. No contaminants were detected during sampling events.

This odd column needs to be fixed THREE "ADDITIONAL SITES"

Parking Lot #3 This area was previously an open field equipped with a waste disposal system and ASTs that held dirty solvents awaiting disposal. Solvents leaked in this area, collected in low spots, and soaked into the soil. Soil: VOCs detected.
Groundwater: Four VOCs (TCE, carbon tetrachloride, PCE, and 1,2-DCA) and one metal (chromium) detected above MCLs. Corrective Activities:
Air sparging pilot test (conducted in 1993 and 1994) removed approximately 468 pounds of TCE. Other soil contaminants experienced similar dramatic reductions and are no longer detected.
Confirmation soil samples collected. Residual contaminants pose no increased health hazard.
Two vertical extraction wells (EW-8 and EW-9) installed in 1996.
Water treatment system is operational.
Groundwater monitoring program implemented.
Current Status:
Water treatment activities are ongoing.
Soil: Access was (past scenario) and is (current scenario) highly restricted. Past and current exposures for the general public are therefore highly unlikely. Future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities will restore the water to a state acceptable for drinking water purposes.

Freon 113 Area The Freon 113 area is a 10-acre site in the vicinity of numerous buildings. Soil: Freon 113 and other VOCs detected.
Groundwater: Freon 113 and other VOCs detected below MCLs. Corrective Activities:

Air sparging pilot test (conducted in 1994) removed approximately 540 pounds of freon. Other contaminants (present in low concentrations) have also been significantly reduced. (Freon 113 concentrations fell by approximately 88% in groundwater and 98% in soil gas.)
Confirmation soil samples collected. Residual contaminants pose no increased health hazard.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was (past scenario) and is (current scenario) highly restricted. Past and current exposures for the general public are therefore highly unlikely. Future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels protective of human health.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a new well is installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the current concentrations are below MCLs, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by remediating the overlying soils.

Contractor Spoils Area This area was used for disposal of construction debris (e.g., concrete, asphalt, scrap metal). Soil: SVOCs, TPH, and metals characteristic of the disposed debris (asphalt) detected in some surface samples. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. Contaminants were detected at concentrations that do not pose a health hazard.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT (SWMU) SITES

Possible Trenches (Site 010) This area consists of two parallel trenches. Soil: No VOCs or SVOCs detected. All metals detected within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Two Trenches (Site 011) This site consists of two trenches. Soil: Three VOCs detected (1,1,1-TCA, PCE, xylenes) but at concentrations below ATSDR's soil comparison values or EPA's risk-based concentrations (RBCs). All metals detected within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. Contaminants detected below ATSDR's soil comparison values or EPA's RBC values.

Building 315 (Cyanide Sump)
(Site 012) Reports suggest that a 12,000-gallon sump was located in this area. Reports indicate that the sump held waste containing cyanide, cadmium, and zinc. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, or cyanide detected. All metals detected within background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Materials in sump removed in 1994.
Site backfilled with clean materials in 1994.
Concrete re-surfaced in 1994.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Building 316 (Acid Sump) (Site 013) Reports suggest that a 12,000-gallon sump was located in this area. Reports indicate that the sump held acid wastes and metals. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, or cyanide detected. Two metals (zinc and cadmium) detected above background concentrations but below ATSDR's soil comparison values. All other metals detected within background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Materials in sump removed in 1994.
Site backfilled with clean materials in 1994.
Concrete re-surfaced in 1994.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. All contaminants detected within background concentrations or below ATSDR's soil comparison values.

Possible Shallow Lagoon
(Site 014) This area was identified in a 1953 aerial photo as a shallow, low depression. No documentation exists suggesting that the area was affected by waste disposal or used for waste storage. Soil: No contaminants detected. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected.

Building 382 (gasoline spills)
(Site 015) Reports suggest that oil and paint spills occurred in this area. Gasoline spills (one 500-gallon spill and two 150-gallon spills) have also been reported. Soil: No TPH detected. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected.

Paint, Residue, and Waste Oil Dump (Site 016) Reports suggest that this area was used as a paint, residue, and waste oil dump. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, or TPH detected. Two pesticides (4,4-DDE and dieldrin) detected but at concentrations below ATSDR soil comparison values. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. Contaminants detected below ATSDR's soil comparison values.

Outdoor Storage of Wastes
(Site 017) Drummed hazardous wastes containing metals were stored in this area. Soil (pre-remedial): Soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Soil (post-remedial): Metals within background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Contaminated soils excavated and drummed.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was highly restricted and past exposures to the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced the metal concentrations to levels within background concentrations.

Old Morrison Creek (east portion) (Site 018) Reports suggest that wastes (petroleum wastes, oils and lubricants, and by-products of paint sludges) may have leached into the creek. Soil: No TPH detected. All metals detected within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Fill Area with Numerous Vehicles (Site 019) Reports suggest that this area was used to store vehicles and equipment. Reports suggest potential petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Soil: Two VOCs and four pesticides detected but at concentrations below ATSDR's comparison values. TPH detected once but finding never replicated. Some metals detected above background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. A health risk assessment was conducted and none of the detected contaminants exceeded health-based concentrations.

Cyanide Leach Field (Building 320)
(Site 021) Reports suggest that this area is the leach field from the cyanide sump. Soil: No VOCs detected. Cyanide (0.78 mg/kg) detected but at concentrations below ATSDR's soil comparison value. All metals within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. All contaminants within background or below ATSDR comparison values.

5,000 Gallon Hazardous Waste Tank No. 1
(Site 031) A 5,000 gallon waste solvent tank was located in this area. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, or PCBs detected. Corrective Activities:
Tank removed in 1986.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected.

Contractor Storage Area
(Site 054) Reports suggest that this area was used to store construction materials and some waste materials. Soil: No VOCs or SVOCs detected. All metals detected within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background.

NON-SWMU SITES

Small Shallow Lagoon
(Site 003) This area consisted of a shallow ditch located near the Oxidation Lagoons. The ditch collected small amounts of surface water. Standing water resulted from rainfall and irrigation rather than from hazardous waste practices. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Sludge Piles
(Site 004) Sludge from the oxidation lagoon was piled in this area. Soil: No VOCs or SVOCs detected. Metals detected above background concentrations in surface soils. Corrective Activities:
Area was excavated during the excavation of the South Post Burn Pits.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further action required.
Access was highly restricted and past exposures to the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a health hazard because remedial activities have removed the contaminated piles.

Trash Disposal Area
(Site 020) This area consisted of trenches used for the disposal of uncontaminated construction debris. No records exist, historical or otherwise, indicating that hazardous waste was disposed at this site. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Radioactive Waste Disposal Area
(Site 022) Reports suggest that radioactive waste was dumped in this area. The location is very indefinite. No radioactivity above background has been detected in site soil or groundwater. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Dispensary Waste Area
(Site 023) Reports suggest that this area was used as a dump in the 1960s. The location is very indefinite and is based on the memory of only one person. Aerial photos from the 1960s do not show trenches or pits. Reported waste dumping activities have not been confirmed. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Petroleum Sludge Disposal Area
(Site 024) Reports suggest that this area was used as a dump site for gasoline tank sludge. Soil: No TPH detected. Lead within background concentrations.
Groundwater: No phthalate esters or gas contaminants detected Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Previous Oil Dump Area (Site 025) Reports suggest that this area was used as a used motor oil disposal area. Soil: No oil and grease detected. Lead within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Former Secondary Sewage Treatment Plant
(Site 026) The Sewage Treatment Plant received wastewater from plating operations. Soil: Metals within background concentrations. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

AAFES Drain Well (Site 027) This site consists of a drain well that was used to drain the bay of a gasoline service station. Soil:
1989 Sampling: Unknown hydrocarbon and lead detected in subsurface samples.
1994 Sampling: No contaminants detected. Corrective Activities:
Drain well removed in 1994.
Current Status:
No further action required.
No past exposures occurred because all contamination was restricted to the subsurface. Even if the subsurface soils have been (current scenario) or will be (future scenario) brought to the surface, there will still be no health hazard because the latest sampling indicates that there are no contaminants associated with the site.
Groundwater: Analysis of downgradient monitoring data indicates that this site has not affected the underlying groundwater.

Rail Yard Engine Shed (Site 028) This site was used as a steam-cleaning area for locomotive engines and railroad cars. Soil (pre-remedial): Gasoline and diesel detected.
Soil (post-remedial): Contaminants decreased to 1/100th of their original detected levels. Corrective Activities:
The area was remediated via bioremediation in 1996.
Confirmation samples collected and soils deemed clean.
Current Status:
Remediation completed.
No further action required.
Soil: Access was highly restricted and past exposures for the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because remedial activities reduced contaminant concentrations to levels that are protective of human health.
Groundwater: Analysis of downgradient monitoring data indicates that this site has not affected the underlying groundwater.

Building 420 Chromic Acid Spill (Site 029) Reports suggest that a chromic acid spill occurred in this area. Soil: Chromium detected within background concentrations.
Groundwater: No chromium detected in groundwater. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

1,000- Gallon Solvent Tank #3
(Site 030) Reports suggest that a 1,000-gallon UST (containing waste solvents) was used from the 1950s to the late 1970s. There is no evidence of soil or groundwater contamination associated with the UST. Current Status:
Tank removed in 1980s.
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

500-Gallon Battery Acid Storage Tank #4 (Site 032) Reports suggest that a 500-gallon UST (containing battery acid) was located in this area. There is no evidence that the tank leaked. Corrective Activities:
Tank removed in 1986.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that chemicals were released at this site.

Sewage Outfall
(Site 033) This site is located along Morrison Creek and consists of the sewage outfall. Sediments (1981 sampling): Metals detected above background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Outfall removed in 1980s.
Current Status:
No further action required.
Access was highly restricted and past exposures to the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future public health hazards are not associated with this site. Contaminants that were located here have since been disturbed, displaced, and removed during constructive activities at Morrison Creek.

Building 320, Plating Spill, and Graphic Arts Spill (Site 034) Reports suggest that spills from plating operations (containing metals) and from the graphic shop (containing copper chloride and ferric chloride solution) occurred in this area. Soil: Metals within background concentrations.
Groundwater: Metals within background concentrations. Corrective Activities:
Soils suspected of contamination excavated and disposed in the South Post Burn Pits.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected above background concentrations.

Morrison Creek
(Site 039) This portion of the creek may have received wastes from industrial processes. Surface Water (1981 sampling): Copper and zinc were detected but below EPA's drinking water regulations and ATSDR's comparison values, respectively. Lead (30 ppb) was detected above EPA's drinking water action levels.
Sediments (1981 sampling): Cadmium (40 ppm). Copper (110 ppm), lead (37 ppm), mercury (0.086 ppm), and zinc (130 ppm) were detected above background but at concentrations that do not pose a health hazard. Current Status:
No further action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. Any past exposure to surface water was limited to infrequent dermal contact (not ingestion) by trespassers. Although lead was detected above EPA's drinking water guidelines, exposure was too infrequent to pose a health hazard. Contaminants that were located here have since been disturbed, displaced, and removed during construction activities at Morrison Creek.

Possible Open Space Area (Building 150)
(Site 040) Reports suggest that this site was used for open storage of construction materials between 1946 and 1949. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not show evidence of disposal practices. (There is no sign of lawn dieback or stressed vegetation). Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Possible Open Storage Area (Buildings 246 & 248) (Site 041) Reports suggest that this area was used for open storage of construction materials between 1947 and 1950. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not show evidence of hazardous waste or other disposal practices. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Possible Open Storage Area (Building 426)
(Site 042) Reports suggest that this area was used for open storage of construction materials between 1947 and 1950. This area was paved before being used for storage. There are no records of any spills in the area. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Open Storage Area (Building 555)
(Site 043) This area was used as an open field for storing materials during an active construction phase in the 1940s and 1950s. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not show evidence of disposal practices. There are no records of hazardous materials or spills in this area. No contaminants were detected in nearby groundwater samples. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Possible Dump Site
(Site 044) This open field was used for vehicular activity. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not indicate that disposal activities occurred in this area.
Groundwater: No VOCs detected in groundwater sample. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Large Disturbed Area
(Site 045) Reports suggest that this area was used for swamp vehicle testing. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not indicate that hazardous wastes or materials were ever handled, stored, or spilled in this area. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Possible Trench
(Site 046) A surface depression was present in this area in the 1950s. It is no longer present. Investigators conclude that the depression could have resulted from construction activities. There is no evidence indicating that hazardous wastes or materials were ever handled, stored, or spilled in this area. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Possible Fill Activity (Site 047) This site is a scarred area located near the Oxidation Lagoons. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, or TPH detected. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected.

Possible Dump Site
(Site 048) This area was used as an open storage area for construction debris. It is located in the vicinity of the Battery Disposal Well and there were traces of surface activities related to the Battery Disposal Well at Site 48. Soils: No samples collected before top soils removed.
Groundwater: No site-related halogenated VOCs detected in BAT (spell out on first reference) probe groundwater sample. Corrective Activities:
Top soils were removed from Site 48 and possibly used as topsoil for the Battery Disposal Well Area, which has since been excavated.
Current Status:
No further remedial action required.
Soil: Access was highly restricted and past exposures for the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a public health hazard because the potentially affected soils have been removed.
Groundwater: No production wells are located in this area; therefore, there were (past scenario) and are (current scenario) no exposures to groundwater. If a well was installed in the future, exposures will not pose a public health hazard because 1) the groundwater is not currently impacted by contaminants, and 2) the potential for future contaminant migration to groundwater has been eliminated by removing potentially affected overlying soils.

Possible Fill Material (Site 049) This area consists of soil piles from construction activities. Soil: Metals detected above background concentrations in surface samples. Corrective Activities:
Area was excavated during the excavation of the South Post Burn Pits.
Current Status:
Remediation complete.
No further action required.
Access was highly restricted and past exposures to the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures will not pose a health hazard because remedial activities have removed the contaminated piles.

Excavation Activity with Piles of Removed Soil
(Site 050) This area was used as a construction debris dump area. It is currently included in the Contractors Spoils Area. Soil: Three VOCs detected but all at concentrations below ATSDR's soil comparison values or EPA's RBCs. One SVOC detected. TPH detected. Lead and zinc detected above background concentrations. Current Status:
No further action required.
No apparent public health hazard is associated with this site. A health risk assessment was conducted and no increased health risks were identified.

Standing Liquid
(Site 051) An area of standing water was identified in an aerial photo taken in the 1960s. Aerial photos and infrared surveys do not indicate that hazardous wastes or materials were ever handled, stored, or spilled in this area. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

Scarred/
Stressed
Area (Site 052) This area was a scarred/vegetative-stressed area. There is no evidence indicating that hazardous wastes or materials were ever handled, stored, or spilled in this area. Current Status:
Top soils removed.
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. There is no evidence that the site ever contained hazardous constituents.

MISCELLANEOUS SITES

Drum Storage Area This area was used for open storage of drums. Soil: No VOCs detected. Current Status:
No remedial action required.
No public health hazard is associated with this site. No contaminants detected.

Dark Feature on 1949 aerial photo (Referred to as Site 11) This area consists of a dark feature located south of the Building 300 Burn Pits. Soil: No VOCs, SVOCs, or dioxins/furans detected. Three pesticides detected but at concentration below ATSDR soil comparison values. Five metals detected above background concentrations in surface soils.
Groundwater: No groundwater contaminants attributable to this site. Corrective Activities:
Soil excavated and removed.
Current Status:
The Army does not recommend additional site investigation activities.
Access was highly restricted and past exposures to the general public were therefore highly unlikely. Current and future exposures do not/will not pose a public health concern because the contaminated soil in this area has been excavated and removed.

References: ATSDR, 1996; CA EPA, 1997; EPA, 1996; Kleinfelder, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996a, 1997a, 1997c, 1997d, 1997e; SADA, 1997b, 1997c

Appendix B: ATSDR Public Health Hazard Conclusion Categories

Category Definition Criteria

A. Urgent public health hazard This category is used for sites that pose an urgent public health hazard as the result of short-term exposures to hazardous substances.
evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND
estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon short-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR
community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires rapid intervention AND/OR
physical hazards at the site pose an imminent risk of physical injury

B. Public health hazard This category is used for sites that pose a public health hazard as the result of long-term exposures to hazardous substances. evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future
AND
estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon long-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR
community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires intervention

C. Indeterminate public health hazard This category is used for sites with incomplete information.
limited available data do not indicate that humans are being or have been exposed to levels of contamination that would be expected to cause adverse health effects; data or information are not available for all environmental media to which humans may be exposed AND
there are insufficient or no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

D. No apparent public health hazard This category is used for sites where human exposure to contaminated media is occurring or has occurred in the past, but the exposure is below a level of health hazard.
exposures do not exceed an ATSDR chronic MRL or other comparable value AND
data are available for all environmental media to which humans are being exposed AND
there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

E. No public health hazard This category is used for sites that do not pose a public health hazard.
no evidence of current or past human exposure to contaminated
media AND
future exposures to contaminated media are not likely to occur AND
there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

Appendix C: Glossary

Background Level: A typical or average level of a chemical in the environment. Background often refers to naturally occurring or uncontaminated levels.
Carcinogen: Any substance that may produce cancer.
CERCLA: The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, also known as Superfund. This legislation created ATSDR.
Comparison Values: Estimated contaminant concentrations in specific media that are not likely to cause adverse health effects, given a standard daily ingestion rate and standard body weight. The comparison values are calculated from the scientific literature available on exposure and health effects.
Concentration: The amount of one substance dissolved or contained in a given amount of another. For example, sea water contains a higher concentration of salt than fresh water.
Contaminant: Any substance or material that enters a system (the environment, human body, food, etc.) where it is not normally found.
Dermal: Referring to the skin. Dermal absorption means absorption through the skin.
Dose: The amount of substance to which a person is exposed. Dose often takes body weight into account.
Environmental contamination: The presence of hazardous substances in the environment. From the public health perspective, environmental contamination is addressed when it potentially affects the health and quality of life of people living and working near the contamination.
Exposure: Contact with a chemical by swallowing, by breathing, or by direct contact (such as through the skin or eyes). Exposure may be short term (acute) or long term (chronic).
Hazard: A source of risk that does not necessarily imply potential for occurrence. A hazard produces risk only if an exposure pathway exists, and if exposures create the possibility of adverse consequences.
Ingestion: Swallowing (such as eating or drinking). Chemicals can get in or on food, drink, utensils, cigarettes, or hands where they can be ingested. After ingestion, chemicals can be absorbed into the blood and distributed throughout the body.
Inhalation: Breathing. Exposure may occur from inhaling contaminants because they can be deposited in the lungs, taken into the blood, or both.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The MCL is the drinking water standard established by EPA. It is the maximum permissible level of contaminant in water that is delivered to free-flowing outlets. MCLs are considered protective of human health to the "extent feasible" over a lifetime (70 years) for individuals consuming 2 liters of water per day.
Media: Soil, water, air, plants, animals, or any other parts of the environment that can contain contaminants.
Minimal Risk Level (MRL): An MRL is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse effects (noncancer) over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are derived when reliable and sufficient data exist to identify the target organ(s) of effect or the most sensitive health effect(s) for a specific duration via a given route of exposure. MRLs are based on noncancer health effects only. MRLs can be derived for acute, intermediate, and chronic duration exposures by the inhalation and oral routes.
National Priorities List (NPL): The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) listing of sites that have undergone preliminary assessment and site inspection to determine which locations pose immediate threat to persons living or working near the release. These sites are most in need of cleanup.
No Apparent Public Health Hazard: Sites where human exposure to contaminated media is occurring or has occurred in the past, but the exposure is below a level of health hazard.
Plume: An area of chemicals in a particular medium, such as air or groundwater, moving away from its source in a long band or column. A plume can be a column of smoke from a chimney or chemicals moving with groundwater.
Potentially Exposed: The condition where valid information, usually analytical environmental data, indicates the presence of contaminant(s) in one or more environmental media contacting humans (that is, air, drinking water, soil, food chain, surface water), and people may be exposed through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact to contaminated environmental media.
Public Health Assessment: The evaluation of data and information on the release of hazardous substances into the environment to assess any current or future impact on public health, develop health advisories or other recommendations, and identify studies or actions needed to evaluate and mitigate or prevent human health effects; also, the document resulting from that evaluation.
Public Health Hazard: Sites that pose a public health hazard as the result of long-term exposures to hazardous substances.
Risk: In risk assessment, the probability that something will cause injury, combined with the potential severity of that injury.
Route of Exposure: The way in which a person may contact a chemical substance. For example, drinking (ingestion) and bathing (skin contact) are two different routes of exposure to contaminants that may be found in water.
Superfund: Another name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), which created ATSDR.
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA): The 1986 legislation that broadened ATSDR's responsibilities in the areas of public health assessments, establishment and maintenance of toxicologic databases, information dissemination, and medical education.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Substances containing carbon and different proportions of other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sulfur, or nitrogen; these substances easily become vapors or gases. A significant number of VOCs are commonly used as solvents (paint thinners, lacquer thinner, degreasers, and dry cleaning fluids).

Appendix D: Public Comments On the Sacramento Army Depot Public Health Assessment

The Sacramento Army Depot Public Health Assessment was released for public comment on August 13, 1997. The comment period ended on October 4, 1997. Comments were received from the California Department of Health Services (CDHS).

Comment: The "Summary" states that "ATSDR assumes, therefore, that no private wells are currently being used." CDHS conducted a door-to-door survey to determine the current usage of private wells and determined that the Ellis company well is being used for non-drinking water purposes.
Response: ATSDR modified the "Summary" to reflect CDHS' findings. This information also required changes to the "Evaluation of Environmental Contamination and Exposure Pathways-SP Groundwater Plume-Current Exposure" and the "Conclusions" sections.
Comment: Figure 2 does not clearly distinguish IRP sites from non-IRP sites.
Response: ATSDR modified the figure so that the IRP sites are now clearly defined.
Comment: Figures 5 and 6 are not labeled.
Response: ATSDR labeled the figures.
Comment: Would it be possible to provide a list of contaminants detected in the groundwater plume.
Response: This list is provided in Appendix A and the text directs the reader to Appendix A.
Comment: CDHS conducted a door-to-door survey to determine the current usage of private wells near SADA. The Public Health Assessment does not include this information.
Response: ATSDR added CDHS' findings to the "Evaluation of Environmental Contamination and Exposure Pathways-SP Groundwater Plume-Current Exposure" section. ATSDR changed the company name of "Drake Auto Wrecking" to "Smog Tech" throughout the document. Additionally, ATSDR changed the company name of "Black Magic Products" to "Inline Hockey Arena" throughout the document. ATSDR also indicated that the 8188 Berry Avenue well is not a residential well.

Table of Contents

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1825 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348

Department of Health and Human Services

Category	Definition	Criteria
A. Urgent public health hazard	This category is used for sites that pose an urgent public health hazard as the result of short-term exposures to hazardous substances.	evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon short-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires rapid intervention AND/OR physical hazards at the site pose an imminent risk of physical injury
B. Public health hazard	This category is used for sites that pose a public health hazard as the result of long-term exposures to hazardous substances.	evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon long-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires intervention
C. Indeterminate public health hazard	This category is used for sites with incomplete information.	limited available data do not indicate that humans are being or have been exposed to levels of contamination that would be expected to cause adverse health effects; data or information are not available for all environmental media to which humans may be exposed AND there are insufficient or no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health
D. No apparent public health hazard	This category is used for sites where human exposure to contaminated media is occurring or has occurred in the past, but the exposure is below a level of health hazard.	exposures do not exceed an ATSDR chronic MRL or other comparable value AND data are available for all environmental media to which humans are being exposed AND there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health
E. No public health hazard	This category is used for sites that do not pose a public health hazard.	no evidence of current or past human exposure to contaminated media AND future exposures to contaminated media are not likely to occur AND there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health