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1. ATSDR > Public Health Assessments & Consultations

Table 13. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples from ponds along Willow Run Creek.

Chemical	Date	Water Body(8)				Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		GM P.	T.P.	E.P.	B.L.
acetone	1991	0.41	29	6.4B	–	4	200R
	1994	ND	ND	–	ND	6
antimony	1991	ND	16.J	ND	ND	4	0.8R
	1994	ND (0.5)	43	–	ND	6
arsenic	1978	–	ND	ND	1.9	1	0.6E, 0.4C
	1991	27.8	32.1	13.9N	3.1N	4
	1994	14	9	–	7.2	6
barium	1991	202	9,320	857	29.9J	4	100R
	1994	220	6,500	–	150	6
benzo(a)anthracene	1991	3.1	31.J	2.2	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	1.8	4.6	–	ND	6
benzo(a)pyrene	1991	3.8	21.J	5.5J	–	4	0.1C
	1994	9.5	5.5	–	ND	6
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1991	8	43.J	9.7J	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	2.8X	6.7X	–	ND	6
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1991	2.8	19	4.8	–	4	NA
	1994	1.8	1.8J	–	ND	6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1991	ND	17	2.2	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	2.8X	6.7X	–	ND	6
beryllium	1991	0.71J	3.1J	0.9J	0.41J	4	10R, 0.2C
	1994	0.76	ND (2)	–	0.88	6
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1991	2.4	96	30.J	–	4	40R, 50C
	1994	ND	ND	–	ND	6
cadmium	1978	–	120	25	27	1	1E, carcinogen
	1979	–	22	–	–	1
	1991	2.5	112	37.9	1.2J	4
	1994	3.1	28	–	10	6
chloroform	1991	ND	0.26J	ND	–	4	20R, 100C
	1994	0.00078J	0.00048J	–	ND	6
chromium (total)	1978	–	9,700	900	67	1	2,000R (III) 50R, 60C (VI)
	1979	–	1,300	–	–	1
	1991	26.4	5,540	831	8.6	4
	1994	35	480	–	58	6
chrysene	1991	4.7	80	10.J	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	8.7	4.6	–	ND	6
cobalt	1991	7.7J	29.9J	13.9J	3.5J	4	NA
	1994	9.6	380	–	9.6	6
copper	1978	–	300	120	40	1	NA
	1979	–	160	–	–	1
	1991	72.8	376	129	7	4
	1994	130	ND (6)	–	39	6
cyanide	1978	–	49	0.95	ND	1	40R
	1979	–	ND	–	–	1
	1991	ND	106	22.7	ND	4
	1994	ND (0.4)	ND (0.4)	–	ND	6
dibenz(a,h)anthracene	1991	0.85J	7.6	2.5	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	8.3	1.2	–	ND	6
dibenzofuran	1991	0.13J	9.1J	0.24J	–	4	NA
	1994	ND	ND	–	ND	6
di-n-octylphthalate	1991	ND	4.8J	ND	–	4	NA
	1994	ND	ND	–	ND	6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1991	2.9	15	5.1	–	4	carcinogen
	1994	5.9	5	–	ND	6
lead	1978	–	960	330	990	1	carcinogen
	1979	–	1,400	–	–	1
	1991	239	1,310	493	11.9	4
	1994	410	1,500	–	53	6
manganese	1991	786	1,070	928	218	4	300R
	1994	640	350	–	510	6
mercury	1991	ND	2.8N	1.6	ND	4	NA
	1994	0.27	0.3	–	0.17	6
2-methylnaphthalene	1991	ND	63	31.J	–	4	NA
	1994	ND	ND	–	ND	6
naphthalene	1991	ND	0.28J	ND	–	4	NA
	1994	0.078J	0.1J	–	ND	6
nickel	1978	–	84	57	55	1	40R, carcinogen
	1979	–	70	–	–	1
	1991	25.J	151	118	13.3	4
	1994	35	35	–	47	6
PCBs (total)	1978	–	450	570	0.4	1	0.04E, 0.09C
	1979	ND (0.2)	16	–	–	1
	1991	ND	3,700	47	–	4
	1994	0.217	0.65J	–	ND	6
phenanthrene	1991	2.8	93	16.J	–	4	NA
	1994	2.9	6.4	–	ND	6
selenium	1991	2.6N	14.9N	4.8N	ND	4	4E
	1994	ND (0.5)	ND (6)	–	ND (6)	6
silver	1991	ND	25	9.9	ND	4	10R
	1994	280	ND (1)	–	2.5	6
vanadium	1991	30.5J	97.9	45.4	10.J	4	6Ei
	1994	38	35	–	21	6
zinc	1978	–	5,000	880	200	1	600R
	1979	–	3,500	–	–	1
	1991	282	7,030	1,740	69.1	4
	1994	310	1,300	–	280	6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

Concentrations in parts per million (ppm)

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, N – Estimated Value

X – combined benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene concentrations

B – Analyte Also Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 upstream of the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		underground drain outlet	Drain No. 8 upstream
arsenic	1990	26.7	7.5	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1990	109	22.5J	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1990	0.39J	ND (1)	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1990	0.29J	ND (1)	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1990	0.45J	ND (1)	2	carcinogen
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1990	0.45J	ND (1)	2	NA
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1990	0.41J	ND (1)	2	carcinogen
cadmium	1990	2.1	1.9J	2	1E, carcinogen
chromium (total)	1990	33.6	7.6	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
chrysene	1990	0.7J	ND (1)	2	carcinogen
cobalt	1990	9.3J	8.8J	2	NA
copper	1990	43.7	9.9	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1990	0.27J	ND (1)	2	carcinogen
lead	1990	89.3	13.6	2	carcinogen
manganese	1990	1,360	299	2	300R
nickel	1990	42.8	8.8	2	40R`, carcinogen
PCBs	1990	0.82	ND (0.48)	2	0.04E, 0.09C
phenanthrene	1990	0.35J	ND (1)	2	NA
thallium	1990	1.1J	ND (0.47)	2	NA
vanadium	1990	44.6	11.5	2	6Ei
zinc	1990	386	74.8	2	600R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 15. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of surface water collected from the Willow Run Separator Drain, from the ESI, 1991.

Chemical	Maximum Concentration (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)
acetone	31	1,000R
antimony	19.8J	4R
arsenic	2.2J	3E, 0.02C
barium	21.4J	700R
copper	8.4J	1,300MG
lead	4.6	15PL, carcinogen
manganese	132	50R
selenium	5	20E
zinc	22.9	3,000R

Reference: 4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

J – Estimated Value

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 16. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment collected from the Willow Run Separator Drain.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)	Reference	Comparison Values (soil) (ppm)
acenaphthylene	1991	ND	4	NA
	1994	1.1	6
arsenic	1991	5.5	4	0.6E, 0.4C
	1994	36	6
barium	1991	34.3J	4	100R
	1994	87	6
benzene	1991	ND	4	20C
	1994	0.017J	6
benzo(a)anthracene	1991	0.36J	4	carcinogen
	1994	6.5	6
benzo(a)pyrene	1991	0.35J	4	0.1C
	1994	0.11J	6
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1991	0.56J	4	carcinogen
	1994	18.JX	6
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1991	0.14J	4	NA
	1994	2.5J	6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1991	ND	4	carcinogen
	1994	18.JX	6
beryllium	1991	0.45J	4	10R, 0.2C
	1994	ND (3)	6
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1991	0.25J	4	40R, 50C
	1994	ND	6
butylbenzylphthalate	1991	0.25J	4	400R, carcinogen
	1994	ND	6
cadmium	1991	ND	4	1E, carcinogen
	1994	10	6
chloroform	1991	ND	4	20E, 100C
	1994	0.00059J	6
chromium	1991	10.4	4	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
	1994	100	6
chrysene	1991	0.68J	4	carcinogen
	1994	0.16J	6
cobalt	1991	5.3J	4	NA
	1994	85	6
copper	1991	13.5	4	NA
	1994	ND (8)	6
dibenzofuran	1991	0.17J	4	NA
	1994	ND	6
1,1-dichloroethane	1991	ND	4	carcinogen
	1994	0.00044J	6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1991	0.14J	4	carcinogen
	1994	21.J	6
lead	1991	16.4	4	carcinogen
	1994	430	6
manganese	1991	281	4	300R
	1994	1,100	6
2-methylnaphthalene	1991	1.J	4	NA
	1994	ND	6
naphthalene	1991	0.28J	4	NA
	1994	ND	6
nickel	1991	1,140	4	40R, carcinogen
	1994	28	6
PCBs	1991	ND	4	0.04E, 0.09C
	1994	0.2J	6
phenanthrene	1991	0.36J	4	NA
	1994	0.67	6
silver	1991	ND	4	10R
	1994	3	6
thallium	1991	ND	4	NA
	1994	21	6
vanadium	1991	13.4	4	6Ei
	1994	26	6
zinc	1991	62.2	4	600R
	1994	260	6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

Concentrations in parts per million (ppm)

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, N – Estimated Value

X – combined benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene concentrations

B – Analyte Also Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 17. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells adjacent to the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the FIT study, 1982.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		W-5	W-3
arsenic	1982	14	54	1	3E, 0.02C
barium	1982	420	150	1	700R
cadmium	1982	18	6	1	7E, carcinogen
copper	1982	62	ND	1	1,300MG
lead	1982	85	49	1	15PL, carcinogen
manganese	1982	1,620	3,930	1	50R
nickel	1982	234	168	1	200R, carcinogen
selenium	1982	ND	8	1	20E
zinc	1982	12,000	2,910	1	3,000R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 18. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells along Willow Run Creek, from the FIT, 1982, the ESI, 1991, and the EE/CA, 1994.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)	Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
arsenic	1982	40	1	3E, 0.02C
	1991	10.J	4
	1994	26	6
barium	1982	ND	1	700R
	1991	226	4
	1994	380	6
benzene	1982	ND	1	1C
	1991	4.J	4
	1994	ND	6
benzo(a)pyrene	1982	1	1	0.2M, 0.005C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	7.6J	6
beryllium	1982	ND	1	0.008C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	0.2	6
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1982	10	1	200R, 3C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
boron	1982	460	1	100Ei
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
cadmium	1982	3.7	1	7E, carcinogen
	1991	ND	4
	1994	20	6
chromium (total)	1982	16	1	10,000R (III) 50R, 3C (VI)
	1991	ND	4
	1994	70	6
chrysene	1982	1	1	0.2PM, carcinogen
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
cobalt	1982	ND	1	NA
	1991	11.7J	4
	1994	ND	6
copper	1982	84	1	1,300MG
	1991	ND	4
	1994	60	6
1,1-dichloroethane	1982	8.6	1	carcinogen
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
1,2-dichloroethane	1982	ND	1	2,000Ei, 0.4C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	1.6	6
1,1-dichloroethylene	1982	ND	1	90E, 0.06C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	1.1J	6
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene	1982	ND	1	70A
	1991	ND	4
	1994	0.98J	6
lead	1982	16	1	15PL, carcinogen
	1991	4.N	4
	1994	19	6
manganese	1982	240	1	50R
	1991	1,650	4
	1994	3,400	6
methylene chloride	1982	56.B	1	600E, 5C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
2-methylphenol	1982	85	1	500R, carcinogen
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
4-methylphenol	1982	45	1	carcinogen
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
naphthalene	1982	1	1	20A
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
nickel	1982	67	1	200R, carcinogen
	1991	27.0J	4
	1994	60	6
phenanthrene	1982	1	1	NA
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)	1982	ND	1	0.2E, 0.005C
	1991	ND	4
	1994	0.41J	6
selenium	1982	3	1	20E
	1991	ND	4
	1994	ND	6
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1982	11	1	200A
	1991	ND	4
	1994	1.8J	6
zinc	1982	4,850	1	3,000R
	1991	1,430	4
	1994	120	6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, N – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 19. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells adjacent to the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the RI, 1989-90, and from the ESI, 1991.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)			Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		shallow		lower sand
		MW-2-89	others
acetone	1989	ND (10J)	9.J	ND (10J)	2	1,000R
	1990	ND (10J)	ND (10J)	12	2
arsenic	1989	14.7	4.8J	7.3J	2	3E, 0.02C
	1990	27.5	5.5J	7.1J	2
	1991	21.1	14.7	–	4
barium	1989	464	104.J	200	2	700R
	1990	544	96.5J	219	2
	1991	490	23.3J	–	4
benzene	1989	11	ND (5)	ND (5)	2	1C
	1990	13.J	ND (5)	ND (5)	2
	1991	16	ND	–	4
beryllium	1989	ND (2)	ND (2)	ND (2)	2	0.008C
	1990	0.24J	0.36J	0.24J	2
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1989	1.J	2.J	9.J	2	200R, 3C
	1990	ND (10)	3	3	2
cadmium	1989	ND (1)	ND (2)	ND (1)	2	7E, carcinogen
	1990	6.9J	4.2J	2.8J	2
chromium (total)	1989	3.2J	6.5J	1.8J	2	10,000R (III) 50R, 3C (VI)
	1990	7.2J	4.2J	ND (4.5)	2
cobalt	1989	11.3J	17.7J	ND (1)	2	NA
	1990	22.1J	14.4J	9.9J	2
	1991	9.3J	10.3J	–	4
copper	1989	ND (0.3)	5.2J	ND (0.3)	2	1,300MG
	1990	19.5J	24.5J	ND (4.4)	2
di-n-octylphthalate	1989	2.J	4.J	ND (10)	2	NA
	1990	ND (10)	ND (10)	ND (10)	2
lead	1989	ND (2)	ND (2)	ND (2)	2	15PL, carcinogen
	1990	ND (2)	4.6J	3.3J	2
	1991	2.2JN	3.3JN	–	4
manganese	1989	218	2,210	29.2	2	50R
	1990	126	10,700	33.2	2
	1991	553	1,840	–	4
nickel	1989	54.9	52.9	ND (18.3)	2	200R, carcinogen
	1990	65.9	ND (40.2)	ND (13.2)	2
	1991	33.0J	37.2J	–	4
selenium	1989	ND (20)	ND (2)	ND (2)	2	20E
	1990	ND (20)	27.J	ND (2)	2
zinc	1989	264	ND (3)	ND (3)	2	3,000R
	1990	49	24.4	ND (3)	2
	1991	45.8	12.2J	–	4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, N – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E –ATSDR; Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 20. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells around the Fons and Old Wayne Disposal Landfills, near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon, June 1993.

Chemical	Maximum Concentration (ppb)			Comparison Value (ppb)
	Fons Landfill		Old Wayne Disposal Landfill
	MW-2-89	MW-8U-93
arsenic	32	27	21	3E, 0.02C
barium	660	700	400	700R
benzene	14	10	ND (5)	1C
chromium (total)	ND (10)	ND (10)	11	10,000R (III) 50R, 3C (VI)
cyanide	38.J	42.J	112.J	40R
lead	ND (3)	ND (3)	11	15PL, carcinogen
manganese	150	270	460	50R
nickel	39	59	55	200R, carcinogen
zinc	240	180	280	3,000R

Reference: 6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 21. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from domestic, industrial, or municipal wells in the vicinity of the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, 1981-2, 1991.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)	Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
barium	1991	151	4	700R
cadmium	1981	12	1	7E, carcinogen
	1982	4	1
	1991	0.15J	4
cyanide	1981	100	1	200R
	1982	ND	1
	1991	ND	4
lead	1981	50	1	15PL, carcinogen
	1982	ND	1
	1991	ND	4
manganese	1981	ND	1	50R
	1982	141	1
	1991	192	4
PCBs (total)	1981	0.05	1	0.2E, 0.005C
	1982	ND	1
	1991	ND	4
zinc	1981	ND	1	3,000R
	1982	390	1
	1991	ND	4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 22. Concentrations of chemicals of concern in soil samples collected adjacent to Willow Run Creek, 1991, 1994.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)	Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)	Background Mean Value (ppm)	Background Reference
acenaphthylene	1991	ND	4	NA	0.005	22
	1994	0.4J	6
acetone	1991	0.063B	4	200R	NA
	1994	ND	6
antimony	1991	5.6JN	4	0.8R	0.11	24
	1994	34	6
arsenic	1991	4.3JN	4	0.6E, 0.4C	7.4	24
	1994	17	6
barium	1991	258	4	100R	420	24
	1994	1,700	6
benzene	1991	ND	4	20C	NA
	1994	0.035J	6
benzo(a)anthracene	1991	0.39J	4	carcinogen	0.17-59(9)	22
	1994	22	6
benzo(a)pyrene	1991	0.49J	4	0.1C	0.17-0.22(9)	22
	1994	31.J	6
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1991	0.63J	4	carcinogen	15-62(9)	22
	1994	25	6
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1991	0.3J	4	NA	0.9-47(9)	22
	1994	13.J	6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1991	0.34J	4	carcinogen	0.3-26(9)	22
	1994	19	6
beryllium	1991	0.84J	4	0.2C	0.55	24
	1994	0.68	6
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1991	0.22J	4	40R, 50C	NA
	1994	ND	6
cadmium	1991	1.5J	4	1E, carcinogen	1	23
	1994	120	6
chromium (total)	1991	142	4	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)	52	24
	1994	79	6
chrysene	1991	0.55J	4	carcinogen	0.2-166(9)	22
	1994	26	6
cobalt	1991	7.8J	4	NA	5.9	24
	1994	1,400	6
copper	1991	29.7	4	NA	22	24
	1994	42	6
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	1991	ND	4	carcinogen	NA
	1994	9.J	6
1,1-dichloroethylene	1991	ND	4	20E, 1C	NA
	1994	0.00065J	6
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene	1991	ND	4	NA	NA
	1994	0.0098J	6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1991	0.29J	4	carcinogen	8-61(9)	22
	1994	13.J	6
lead	1991	239	4	carcinogen	17	24
	1994	2,200	6
manganese	1991	571	4	300R	640	24
	1994	1,000	6
2-methylphenol	1991	ND	4	500R, carcinogen	NA
	1994	1.2	6
3-methylphenol	1991	ND	4	500R, carcinogen	NA
	1994	4.5	6
4-methylphenol	1991	ND	4	carcinogen	NA
	1994	4.5	6
naphthalene	1991	ND	4	NA	NA
	1994	1.6	6
nickel	1991	29	4	40R, carcinogen	18	24
	1994	210	6
PCBs (total)	1991	1.24	4	0.04E, 0.09C	NA
	1994	70	6
phenanthrene	1991	0.67J	4	NA	0.05-0.14(10)	22
	1994	38	6
silver	1991	1.7J	4	10R	0.99	23
	1994	4.2	6
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1991	ND	4	NA	NA
	1994	0.0035J	6
trichloroethylene	1991	0.004J	4	60C	NA
	1994	0.0007J	6
vanadium	1991	21.9	4	6Ei	66	24
	1994	24	6
zinc	1991	890	4	600R	52	24
	1994	1,100	6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, N – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 23. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in soil samples from a residence near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, March 1994.

Chemical	Maximum Concentration (ppm)	Comparison Value (ppm)	Background Mean Value (ppm)	Background Reference
arsenic	7.4	0.6E, 0.4C	7.4	24
barium	46	100R	420	24
beryllium	0.4	0.2C	0.55	24
cadmium	2.6	1E, carcinogen	1	23
chromium (total)	11	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)	52	24
copper	7.7	NA	22	24
lead	14	carcinogen	17	24
manganese	650	300R	640	24
nickel	12	40R, carcinogen	18	24
vanadium	18	6Ei	66	24
zinc	110	600R	52	24

Reference: 6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

(III)– For chromium(III)

(VI)– For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 24. Fish contamination data from Belleville Lake, 1988.

Chemical	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		MDCH Level of Concern (ppm)
	Walleye (skin-on fillets)	Carp (skin-off fillets)
mercury	0.53	0.15	0.5
dieldrin	0.012	0.034	0.3
hexachlorobenzene	ND (0.001)	0.007	0.2-0.5(11)
octachlorostyrene	ND (0.001)	0.002	NA
PCBs (total)	1.470	2.480	2.0
alpha-chlordane	0.029	0.045	(0.3)(12)
gamma-chlordane	0.010	0.017	(0.3)(12)
cis-nonachlor	0.016	0.016	(0.3)(12)
trans-nonachlor	0.034	0.032	(0.3)(12)
oxy-chlordane	0.005	0.007	(0.3)(12)
total chlordane isomers	0.094	0.117	0.3
4,4'-DDD	0.117	0.293	5.0(13)
4,4'-DDE	0.219	0.340
4,4'-DDT	0.022	0.013
heptachlor epoxide	0.005	0.012	0.3

Reference: 25

NA – None Available

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Department of Health and Human Services