ATSDR-PHA-HC-Hunter's Point Naval Station-p5

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PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

NAVAL STATION TREASURE ISLAND
HUNTERS POINT ANNEX
SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Glossary

Ci Curie. A curie is the basic unit used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in at sample of material. The curie is equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second, which is approximately the rate of decay of 1 gram of radium.

Class A EPA cancer classification: known human carcinogen.

Class B EPA cancer classification: probable human carcinogen.

cpm Counts per minute.

CREG Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). CREGs are estimated contaminant concentrations that would result in one excess cancer in a population of a million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years). CREGs are calculated from EPA's cancer slope factors.

dpm Disintegrations per minute.

Effective dose The sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the weighing factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated.

EMEG Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). EMEGs are values used to select chemical contaminants of potential health concern. EMEG values are calculated by ATSDR using conservative exposure assumptions designed to protect the most sensitive segment of the population.

Gy Gray. Gray is the unit of absorbed dose (1 Gy = 100 rad) developed by the International System (SI) of weights and measures.

iEMEG ATSDR's intermediate Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (see EMEG).

Ionization Ionization is the process of adding one or more electrons to, or removing one or more electrons from, atoms or molecules, thereby creating ions. High temperatures, electrical discharges, or nuclear radiations can cause ionizations.

LTHA Lifetime Health Advisory (EPA). LTHAs are contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of two liters of water per day. LTHAs are not regulations and cannot be enforced.

MCL Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA). MCLs are contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of two liters of water per day.

mrem Millirem or one-thousandth part of a rem.

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram, equivalent to ppm (see below).

mSv Millisievert or one-thousandth part of a sievert.

µg/m³ Microgram per cubic meter.

µCi Microcurie. A microcurie is equivalent to one-thousandth of a curie

pica An abnormal craving to eat substances not fit for food, as clay or paint.

pCi Picocurie. A picocurie is equivalent to one trillionth part of a curie.

Progeny Progeny refers to isotopes that are formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope.

R Roentgens. Roentgens are units used to measure exposure to ionizing radiation. A roentgen is the amount of gamma rays or x-rays required to produce ions carrying one electrostatic unit of electrical charge in one cubic centimeter of dry air under standard conditions.

rad Radiation absorbed dose. Rad is a unit used to measure how much radiation is absorbed by an object after it is exposed to radiation.

rem Roentgen equivalent man. Rem is a unit used to measure the radiation effectiveness in man. It is a function of the radiation absorbed dose (rad) and the type (or quality) of radiation.

RfD Reference Dose (EPA). RfDs are estimates of the daily exposure to a contaminant unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

RMEG The Reference Dose-based Media Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). RMEGs are values calculated using EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) (see definition above).

Sv Sievert. Sievert is the SI unit of radiation effectiveness in man. The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (1 Sv = 100 rem).

Acronyms

ADI Acceptable Daily Intake

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

BEQ bachelor enlisted quarters

bgs below ground surface

BRAC Base Realignment and Closure

CDHS California Department of Health Services

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act section 104 (i)(6) (42 U.S.C. 9604 i)(6)(Superfund)

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CSF Cancer Slope Factor

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DOD Department of Defense

DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control

EF exposure factor

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

IRIS U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's integrated Risk Information System

ESAP Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FFA Federal Facilities Agreement

HARP Health Activities Recommendation Panel

HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

HOD health outcome data

HLA Harding Lawson and Associates

HPA Naval Station Treasure Island Hunters Point Annex

IAL interim ambient level

IAS initial assessment study

ICRP International Commission on Radiation Protection

IQ intelligence quotient

IR Installation Restoration

IRP Installation Restoration Program

MRL Minimal Risk Level

NAREL National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory

NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

NRDL Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPL National Priorities List

NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NRDL Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory

OSHAct Occupational Safety and Health Act

OU Operable Unit

ppb parts per billion

ppm parts per million

PA preliminary assessment

PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls

PHAP public health action plan

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

RI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board

SCRS Surface Confirmation Radiation Survey

SMW state mussel watch program

SVOCs semi-volatile organic compounds

SWAQAT Solid Waste Air Quality Assessment Test

TEFs toxicity equivalency factors

TRI Toxic Chemical Release Inventory

VOCs volatile organic compounds

VORCE volume reduction/chemical extraction

USTs underground storage tanks

WWII World War II

APPENDIX B

List of Figures in Appendix B

Figure B-1. San Francisco Area Map

Figure B-2. Hunters Point Annex: IR and PA Sites, Parcels, and Restricted Access Fence

Figure B-3. HPA Street Map

Figure B-4. Locations Used for the Establishment of Background Soil Radiation Levels

Figure B-5. Radioactive Point Sources at IR-2, IR-3, IR-14, and IR-15

Figure B-6. Radioactive Point Sources at IR-2

Figure B-7. Radioactive Point Sources Anomalies at IR-1

Figure B-8. Meteorological Stations, Air Sample Locations, and Proposed Additional Sampling Locations

Figure B-9. Areas of Soil Contamination at IR-4 and IR-5

Figure B-10. Areas of Groundwater Contamination at IR-6 and IR-10

Figure B-11. Sediment Sampling Stations

Figure B-12. Mussel Transplant Stations

Figure B-13. Selected California State Mussel Watch Stations in the San Francisco Bay

Figure B-14. Distribution of Methane in the Subsurface, IR-1/21 and IR-18 Debris Zones, 1935 and 1948 Shorelines

Figure B-1. San Francisco Area Map

Figure B-2. Hunters Point Annex: IR and PA Sites, Parcels, and Restricted Access Fence

Figure B-3. HPA Street Map

Figure B-4. Locations Used for the Establishment of Background Soil Radiation Levels

Figure B-5. Radioactive Point Sources at IR-2, IR-3, IR-14, and IR-15

Figure B-6. Radioactive Point Sources at IR-2

Figure B-7. Radioactive Point Sources Anomalies at IR-1

Figure B-8. Meterorological Stations, Air Sample Locations, and Proposed Additional Sampling Locations

Figure B-9. Areas of Groundwater Contamination at IR-6 and IR-10

Figure B-10. Areas of Groundwater Contamination at IR-6 and IR-10

Figure B-11. Sediment Sampling Locations

Figure B-12. Selected California State Mussel Watch Stations in the San Francisco Bay

Figure B-13. Mussel Transplant Stations

Figure B-14. Distribution of Methane in the Subsurface, IR 1/21 and IR-18 Debris Zones, 1935 and 1948 Shorelines
APPENDIX C

List of Tables in Appendix C

Table C-1. ATSDR Public Health Hazard Conclusion Categories

Table C-2. Sites That Will Be Part of Radiological Investigations Under CTO 285, Phase III Hunters Point Annex

Table C-3. Overview of HPA Field Investigations

Table C-4. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Population Data

Table C-5. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Housing Data

Table C-6. Relationship of Mussel and Sediment Sampling Stations with Other Site Features

Table C-7. Stormwater Bioassays

Table C-8. Sediment Elutriate

Table C-9. Sediment Bioassay

Table C-1. ATSDR Public Health Hazard Conclusion Categories

Category Definition Criteria

A. Urgent public health hazard This category is used for sites that pose an urgent public health hazard as the result of short-term exposures to hazardous substances.
evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND

estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon short-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR

community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires rapid intervention AND/OR

physical hazards at the site pose an imminent risk of physical injury

B. Public health hazard This category is used for sites that pose a public health hazard as the result of long-term exposures to hazardous substances.
evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND

estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon long-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR

community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires intervention

C. Indeterminate public health hazard This category is used for sites with incomplete information.
limited available data do not indicate that humans are being or have been exposed to levels of contamination that would be expected to cause adverse health effects; data or information are not available for all environmental media to which humans may be exposed AND

there are insufficient or no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

D. No apparent public health hazard This category is used for sites where human exposure to contaminated media is occurring or has occurred in the past, but the exposure is below a level of health hazard.
exposures do not exceed an ATSDR chronic MRL or other comparable value AND

data are available for all environmental media to which humans are being exposed AND

there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

E. No public health hazard This category is used for sites that do not pose a public health hazard.
no evidence of current or past human exposure to contaminated media AND

future exposures to contaminated media are not likely to occur AND

there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

Table C-2. Sites That Will Be Part of Radiological Investigations Under CTO 285, Phase III Hunters Point Annex

Site/Building Parcel Former and Current Use Status

IR-7 B Submarine Base Area Ongoing Investigation

IR-18 B Waste Disposal Area Ongoing Investigation

IR-57 B Drydock 4 Area Ongoing Investigation

SI-31/Building 114 B Sheet Lead Storage for Lead Removed From Building 364 (Unoccupied) Investigation Proposed Start Date: Spring 1994

SI-75/Building 253 C Instrument Calibration (Unoccupied)

Former NRDL Annex K
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-74/Building 271 C Paint Shop Annex (Unoccupied) Investigation Proposed Start Date: Spring 1994

SI-61/Building 313 D Storage (Ruins)
Former NRDL Annex G
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-60/Building 313A D Storage (Ruins)
Former NRDL Annex H
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-62/Building 351A D Instrument Repair and Calibration (Unoccupied) Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-63/Building 365 D Former NRDL Photographic Film Laboratory Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

IR-33/Building 364 D Hot Cell Laboratory and Radioactive Effluent Storage Tank Sump Pit (Occupied by Navy Tenant) Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

IR-1 E Industrial Landfill Ongoing Investigation

IR-2 E Bay Fill Area Ongoing Investigation

SI-73/Building 506 E Chemistry Laboratory (Ruins) Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-66/Building 507 E Biological Laboratory (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex B
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-64/Building 508 E Health Physics Office (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex J
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-72/Building 509 E Animal Irradiation Site (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex K
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-68/Building 510 E Radiation Physics Site (Ruins) Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-65/Building 517 E ⁶⁰Cobalt Irradiation Room (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex D
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-67/Building 520 E Use Not Known (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex K
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-69/Building 529 E Radioisotope Storage and Cockcroft-Watson Generator (Ruins)

Former NRDL Annex K
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-71/Building 707 E Radioactive Waste Storage Site (Unoccupied) Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

SI-70/Building 708 E Biomedical Facility

Former NRDL Annex K
Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

Adapted from Phase II Radiation Investigation, Final Field Work Plan. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco, California, January 13, 1993 and Memorandum Final Recommendations for Further Investigation of Former Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory Facilities, December 22, 1992.

Table C-3. Overview of HPA Field Investigations

Study Name Report Date Objective Performed By Determinations

Initial Assessment Study (IAS) 1984 To identify contaminated areas. Westec Six areas were recommended for further survey.

San Francisco District Attorney Investigation 1986 To identify areas where Triple A was alleged to have disposed of waste. California DHS Variety of wastes including waste oil, PCBs, paints, solvents, sandblast waste, and industrial debris were alleged to have been disposed of at 20 areas in the southern half of HPA.

Confirmation Study (CS) 1987 Verify findings of IAS and to test additional areas. Emcon Five addition areas were added to the original six for further investigation.

Area Study 1987 Assess level of contamination in the filled area outside of the identified contaminated areas. Emcon Naturally occurring metals, and one location with PCBs identified. Natural and man-made asbestos detected, petroleum related organic compounds detected.

Fence to Fence Survey 1988 To identify and inventory HPA hazardous waste and toxic material. ERM-West A comprehensive list of areas and buildings containing potentially toxic chemicals was developed.

Utilities Technical Study 1989 To assess the physical integrity of the storm drain and sanitary sewer system. YEI Engineers Sanitary and storm drain system were connected in the past. Storm and sanitary lines may be leaking at certain locations. PCB containing transformer were identified at 35 areas.

Underground Storage Tank Investigation 1989 To identify UST locations, contents, and integrity IT Corporation Forty-four USTs were identified.

Reconnaissance Study 1990 To perform a preliminary investigation of the 11 areas identified in the CS. Develop sampling plan for RI sampling. HLA Boundaries of the landfill were estimated. Presence of VOCs detected at IR-1. Background beta and gamma radiation levels measured. Anomalous areas of higher radiation identified. Workplan for RI sampling developed.

PA Other Areas/Utilities 1990 To screen HPA and identify areas with existing of potential threat of environmental contamination. Prepare recommendation for future SI of areas with potential threat. HLA Four additional areas recommended for RI/FS. Thirty additional areas recommended for investigation.

Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan (ESAP) 1991 To assess potential contamination of bay sediments and biota. ATT Results due 1993

Storm Water Investigation 1991 To assess the quality of water discharged to the bay through storm drains. HLA VOC and SVOCs were detected in sediments. Low level of VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and petroleum products detected in storm water.

Surface Confirmation Radiation Study 1991-1992 To determine the type and levels of radiation present at HPA. PRC Ra-226 was found at IR-1/21 and IR-2, additional areas for further investigation were determined.

Surface Confirmation Radiation Study Phase II 1993 Results due 1994

Air Sampling 1992 Screening study designed to evaluate baseline levels at the facility and to provide data that can be used in combination with dispersion modeling for HPA public health and environmental evaluations. HLA Pesticides and metals were detected at an upwind background monitoring station, the source of those pesticides is unknown. Low levels of VOCs and asbestos were detected.

Tidal Influence Monitoring 1992 To evaluate the effects of tidal fluctuations on groundwater flow directions and the intrusion, if any, of the water from San Francisco Bay into aquifers under HPA. HLA Tidal influence was observed at several monitoring wells likely due to suspected bay water infiltration through the storm drains into aquifers. Total dissolved solids high at several IR areas.

Aquifer Testing 1992 To estimate the hydraulic properties of saturated materials comprising major aquifer zones. PRC Two aquifers have been defined at HPA, a shallow aquifer and an undifferentiated aquifer. Bay water appears to recharge the fill materials that comprise the shallow aquifer along the southern water front.

Groundwater Monitoring 1992 To seasonal trends in water levels and chemical concentrations in groundwater at each IR area. To monitor groundwater quality and hydrology to assess changes in the rate and extent of contaminant migration and the distribution of contaminants at each IR area. HLA Monitoring to be done quarterly and annually and help to establish baseline conditions for future remedial actions.

Ecological Risk Assessment 1993

Adapted from Overview of the Installation Restoration Program presented to ATSDR on August 31, 1992. Hunters Point Annex San Francisco, California. Harding Lawson Associates.

Table C-4. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Population Data

Hunters Point/Bayview San Francisco County

Total Persons 16,049 723,959

Total Square Miles 2.83 46.70

Persons per Square Mile 5,671 15,502

% Male 45.3 50.1

% Female 54.7 49.9

% White 6.4 53.6

% Black 75.6 10.9

% American Indian, Eskimo or Aleut 0.4 0.5

% Asian or Pacific Islander 14.0 29.1

% Other Races 3.6 5.9

% Hispanic Origin 7.0 13.9

% Under Age 10 18.5 9.3

% Age 65 and Older 11.0 14.6

Source: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1 (California). Prepared by Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1991.

Table C-5. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Housing Data

Hunters Point District San Francisco County

Households* 5,029 305,584

Persons per household 3.8 2.29

% Households
owner-occupied
41.3 34.5

% Households
renter-occupied
58.7 65.5

Households
mobile homes
0.1 0.0

Persons in group quarters 0.3 3.4

Median value
owner-occupied households, $
190,000 298,000

Median rent paid, renter-occupied households, $ 295 613

* A household is an occupied housing unit, but does not include group quarters such as military barracks, prisons, and college dormitories.

Source: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1 (California). Prepared by Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1991.

Table C-6. Relationship of Mussel and Sediment Sampling Stations with Other Site Features

Sediment Stations Mussel Stations Stormwater Stations Bay Water Stations Outfall Areas Associated Areas(s) OU

S-1 M-1

B IR-7, IR-18 IV

S-2 M-2

C IR-6, IR-10 II

S-3 M-3 ST-1 B-1 D IR-6, IR-10 II

S-4 M-4

IR-6 II

S-5 M-5 ST-2 B-2 G,H,I,J IR-9 II

S-6 M-6

IR-8, IR-9 II

S-7 M-7

PA-16, IR-17 V

S-8 M-8

A IR-11, IR-15, PA-16, IR-17 V

S-9 M-9

IR-2, IR-11, IR-15 I, V

S-10 M-10

IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, IR-11, IR-14, IR-15 I, II, V

S-11 M-11 ST-3 B-3
IR-2, IR-5, IR-12, IR-13 I, III, V

S-12 M-12

IR-2, IR-4, IR-5, IR-12 I, III, V

S-13 M-13

IR-1, IR-4 I, III

S-14 M-14

IR-1 I

S-15 M-15

Dry Docks #2 and #3

S-16 M-16 ST-4 B-4 E,F S-203, S-209, S-210, S-215

S-17 M-17

Dry Dock #4

Taken from the EPA Letter to Ramond E. Ramos Western Division, Naval Facility Engineering Command, Subject: Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan Data Review.

Table C-7. Stormwater Bioassays

Test Organism Test
Acceptability
Criterion for Controls* Data Validation* Bioassay
Time
Frame Results ATSDR Comments

Fathead Minnow
(Pimephales promelas) Achieved Reliable 7 day No significant differences between the control and survival in any treatments for ST1 and ST2. There was a significant difference between the control survival and survival at 100 percent treatment for samples ST3 and ST4. The reduction of survival in ST3 may be a statistical anomaly. ST4 stormwater appears to be toxic. Survival and growth of fathead minnows exposed to HPA ST4 stormwater were reduced 100%.

Cladoceran/Water Flea
(Ceriodaphnia dubia) Achieved Inconclusive 7 day Factors other than sample dose affected the response of the cladoceran. Poor performance in ST3 suggests that this sample may be toxic.

Green Alga
(Selenastrum capricornutum) Achieved Inconclusive 96 hour Factors outside of sample dose affected algal response.

Inland Silverside
(Menidia beryllina) Achieved Reliable
All samples were nontoxic to inland silverside larvae. Inland silverside larvae do not appear to be effected by HPA stormwaters.

Purple Sea Urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Not Achieved Reliable
Results indicate that the synthetic seawater diluent inhibited purple sea urchin fertilization. Full-strength samples do not appear to be toxic. Inconclusive, fertilization of purple sea urchin eggs was not achieved.

Marine Diatom
(Skeletonema costatum) Achieved for control cell density, however, it was three to four times less than performance control density. Inconclusive
Factors outside of sample dose affected response.

* This is the Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation.
Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.

Table C-8. Sediment Elutriate¹

Test Organism Test
Acceptability
Criterion for Controls* Data Validation* Bioassay
Time
Frame Results ATSDR Comments

Sanddabs
(Citharicthys stigmaeus) Achieved for one parameter, provisional for two parameters, and not achieved for five parameters Inconclusive 96 hour Organism survival in the elutriate controls was low. Survival in the diluent control was high, suggesting that factors associated with either the samples of elutriate preparations were responsible for toxicity. Factors other than, or in addition to, sample dose may have been responsible for morality. Sample aeration may have been responsible morality. Group one fish, pacific sanddab survival in sediment wash showed the sediment stations 8 and 6 to be toxic.

Pacific Oyster
(Crassistrea gigas) Achieved for four parameters an provisional for two parameters. Reliable 48 hour Response curves showed a positive relationship between elutriate concentration and oyster mortality and abnormality. Statistical analysis showed that no samples were significantly different from respective elutriate controls. Analysis of abnormality data demonstrated that abnormalities were significantly higher in samples S-1, S-3, S-6, S-15, and S-16. Sediments at stations S-1, S-3, S-6, S-15, and S-16 appear to be toxic.

¹ Elutriate - decanted liquid from sediment.
* Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation.
Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.

Table C-9. Sediment Bioassay

Test Organism Test
Acceptability
Criterion for Controls* Data Validation* Bioassay
Time
Frame Results ATSDR Comments

Mysid^** Shrimp
(Holmesimysis costata)

**Mysid - any of an order (Mysidacea) of small, shrimp-like, malacostracan with a carapace over most of the thorax. Achieved for six parameters and provisional for two parameters. Reliable 10 day Generally mysid survival in the HPA samples was about the same as the survival observed in the reference samples. The bioassay laboratory speculated that high biochemical oxygen demand may have been responsible for depressed dissolved oxygen, which required sample aeration. Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality. Mysids do not appear to be effected by HPA sediments.

Amiphods/Crustaceans
(Eohaustorius esturius) Achieved for two parameters, provisional for two parameters, and not met for one parameter. Inconclusive 10 day The bioassay laboratory speculated that high biochemical oxygen demand may have been responsible for depressed dissolved oxygen, which required sample aeration. Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality. Statistical analysis demonstrated the amphipod survival, for each sample except S-10, was significantly lower than the respective control. The results indicate that apparent toxicity at HPA is no greater than toxicity at the reference sites.

Burrowing Polychaete
(Nephtys caecoides) Achieved for two parameters, provisional for one, and not met for one parameter. Inconclusive 10 day Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality. Polychaete survival in the HPA samples was about the same as the survival observed in the reference samples. Polychaete worms exposed to whole sediments survival significantly lower in all samples (reference station toxicity same as HPA toxicity).

* This is the Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation.
Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.

Next Section Table of Contents

Public Health Assessments & Health Consultations

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A-Z Index


Ci	Curie. A curie is the basic unit used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in at sample of material. The curie is equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second, which is approximately the rate of decay of 1 gram of radium.
Class A	EPA cancer classification: known human carcinogen.
Class B	EPA cancer classification: probable human carcinogen.
cpm	Counts per minute.
CREG	Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). CREGs are estimated contaminant concentrations that would result in one excess cancer in a population of a million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years). CREGs are calculated from EPA's cancer slope factors.
dpm	Disintegrations per minute.
Effective dose	The sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the weighing factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated.
EMEG	Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). EMEGs are values used to select chemical contaminants of potential health concern. EMEG values are calculated by ATSDR using conservative exposure assumptions designed to protect the most sensitive segment of the population.
Gy	Gray. Gray is the unit of absorbed dose (1 Gy = 100 rad) developed by the International System (SI) of weights and measures.
iEMEG	ATSDR's intermediate Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (see EMEG).
Ionization	Ionization is the process of adding one or more electrons to, or removing one or more electrons from, atoms or molecules, thereby creating ions. High temperatures, electrical discharges, or nuclear radiations can cause ionizations.
LTHA	Lifetime Health Advisory (EPA). LTHAs are contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of two liters of water per day. LTHAs are not regulations and cannot be enforced.
MCL	Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA). MCLs are contaminant concentrations that EPA deems protective of public health over a lifetime (70 years) at an exposure rate of two liters of water per day.
mrem	Millirem or one-thousandth part of a rem.
mg/kg	Milligrams per kilogram, equivalent to ppm (see below).
mSv	Millisievert or one-thousandth part of a sievert.
µg/m³	Microgram per cubic meter.
µCi	Microcurie. A microcurie is equivalent to one-thousandth of a curie
pica	An abnormal craving to eat substances not fit for food, as clay or paint.
pCi	Picocurie. A picocurie is equivalent to one trillionth part of a curie.
Progeny	Progeny refers to isotopes that are formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope.
R	Roentgens. Roentgens are units used to measure exposure to ionizing radiation. A roentgen is the amount of gamma rays or x-rays required to produce ions carrying one electrostatic unit of electrical charge in one cubic centimeter of dry air under standard conditions.
rad	Radiation absorbed dose. Rad is a unit used to measure how much radiation is absorbed by an object after it is exposed to radiation.
rem	Roentgen equivalent man. Rem is a unit used to measure the radiation effectiveness in man. It is a function of the radiation absorbed dose (rad) and the type (or quality) of radiation.
RfD	Reference Dose (EPA). RfDs are estimates of the daily exposure to a contaminant unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
RMEG	The Reference Dose-based Media Evaluation Guide (ATSDR). RMEGs are values calculated using EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) (see definition above).
Sv	Sievert. Sievert is the SI unit of radiation effectiveness in man. The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (1 Sv = 100 rem).

ADI	Acceptable Daily Intake
ATSDR	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
BEQ	bachelor enlisted quarters
bgs	below ground surface
BRAC	Base Realignment and Closure
CDHS	California Department of Health Services
CERCLA	Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act section 104 (i)(6) (42 U.S.C. 9604 i)(6)(Superfund)
CFR	Code of Federal Regulations
CSF	Cancer Slope Factor
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DOD	Department of Defense
DTSC	Department of Toxic Substances Control
EF	exposure factor
EPA	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
IRIS	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's integrated Risk Information System
ESAP	Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FFA	Federal Facilities Agreement
HARP	Health Activities Recommendation Panel
HIV/AIDS	human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HOD	health outcome data
HLA	Harding Lawson and Associates
HPA	Naval Station Treasure Island Hunters Point Annex
IAL	interim ambient level
IAS	initial assessment study
ICRP	International Commission on Radiation Protection
IQ	intelligence quotient
IR	Installation Restoration
IRP	Installation Restoration Program
MRL	Minimal Risk Level
NAREL	National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
NIOSH	National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
NRDL	Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPL	National Priorities List
NRC	U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRDL	Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory
OSHAct	Occupational Safety and Health Act
OU	Operable Unit
ppb	parts per billion
ppm	parts per million
PA	preliminary assessment
PAHs	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PCBs	polychlorinated biphenyls
PHAP	public health action plan
QA/QC	quality assurance/quality control
RI/FS	Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
RWQCB	Regional Water Quality Control Board
SCRS	Surface Confirmation Radiation Survey
SMW	state mussel watch program
SVOCs	semi-volatile organic compounds
SWAQAT	Solid Waste Air Quality Assessment Test
TEFs	toxicity equivalency factors
TRI	Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
VOCs	volatile organic compounds
VORCE	volume reduction/chemical extraction
USTs	underground storage tanks
WWII	World War II

Table C-1. ATSDR Public Health Hazard Conclusion Categories

Category	Definition	Criteria
A. Urgent public health hazard	This category is used for sites that pose an urgent public health hazard as the result of short-term exposures to hazardous substances.	evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon short-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires rapid intervention AND/OR physical hazards at the site pose an imminent risk of physical injury
B. Public health hazard	This category is used for sites that pose a public health hazard as the result of long-term exposures to hazardous substances.	evidence exists that exposures have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur in the future AND estimated exposures are to a substance(s) at concentrations in the environment that, upon long-term exposures, can cause adverse health effects to any segment of the receptor population AND/OR community-specific health outcome data indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health that requires intervention
C. Indeterminate public health hazard	This category is used for sites with incomplete information.	limited available data do not indicate that humans are being or have been exposed to levels of contamination that would be expected to cause adverse health effects; data or information are not available for all environmental media to which humans may be exposed AND there are insufficient or no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health
D. No apparent public health hazard	This category is used for sites where human exposure to contaminated media is occurring or has occurred in the past, but the exposure is below a level of health hazard.	exposures do not exceed an ATSDR chronic MRL or other comparable value AND data are available for all environmental media to which humans are being exposed AND there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health
E. No public health hazard	This category is used for sites that do not pose a public health hazard.	no evidence of current or past human exposure to contaminated media AND future exposures to contaminated media are not likely to occur AND there are no community-specific health outcome data to indicate that the site has had an adverse impact on human health

Table C-2. Sites That Will Be Part of Radiological Investigations Under CTO 285, Phase III Hunters Point Annex

Site/Building	Parcel	Former and Current Use	Status
IR-7	B	Submarine Base Area	Ongoing Investigation
IR-18	B	Waste Disposal Area	Ongoing Investigation
IR-57	B	Drydock 4 Area	Ongoing Investigation
SI-31/Building 114	B	Sheet Lead Storage for Lead Removed From Building 364 (Unoccupied)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: Spring 1994

SI-75/Building 253	C	Instrument Calibration (Unoccupied) Former NRDL Annex K	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-74/Building 271	C	Paint Shop Annex (Unoccupied)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: Spring 1994

SI-61/Building 313	D	Storage (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex G	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-60/Building 313A	D	Storage (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex H	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-62/Building 351A	D	Instrument Repair and Calibration (Unoccupied)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-63/Building 365	D	Former NRDL Photographic Film Laboratory	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
IR-33/Building 364	D	Hot Cell Laboratory and Radioactive Effluent Storage Tank Sump Pit (Occupied by Navy Tenant)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994

IR-1	E	Industrial Landfill	Ongoing Investigation
IR-2	E	Bay Fill Area	Ongoing Investigation
SI-73/Building 506	E	Chemistry Laboratory (Ruins)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-66/Building 507	E	Biological Laboratory (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex B	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-64/Building 508	E	Health Physics Office (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex J	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-72/Building 509	E	Animal Irradiation Site (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex K	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-68/Building 510	E	Radiation Physics Site (Ruins)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-65/Building 517	E	⁶⁰Cobalt Irradiation Room (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex D	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-67/Building 520	E	Use Not Known (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex K	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-69/Building 529	E	Radioisotope Storage and Cockcroft-Watson Generator (Ruins) Former NRDL Annex K	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-71/Building 707	E	Radioactive Waste Storage Site (Unoccupied)	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
SI-70/Building 708	E	Biomedical Facility Former NRDL Annex K	Investigation Proposed Start Date: January-February 1994
Adapted from Phase II Radiation Investigation, Final Field Work Plan. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco, California, January 13, 1993 and Memorandum Final Recommendations for Further Investigation of Former Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory Facilities, December 22, 1992.

Table C-3. Overview of HPA Field Investigations

Study Name	Report Date	Objective	Performed By	Determinations
Initial Assessment Study (IAS)	1984	To identify contaminated areas.	Westec	Six areas were recommended for further survey.
San Francisco District Attorney Investigation	1986	To identify areas where Triple A was alleged to have disposed of waste.	California DHS	Variety of wastes including waste oil, PCBs, paints, solvents, sandblast waste, and industrial debris were alleged to have been disposed of at 20 areas in the southern half of HPA.
Confirmation Study (CS)	1987	Verify findings of IAS and to test additional areas.	Emcon	Five addition areas were added to the original six for further investigation.
Area Study	1987	Assess level of contamination in the filled area outside of the identified contaminated areas.	Emcon	Naturally occurring metals, and one location with PCBs identified. Natural and man-made asbestos detected, petroleum related organic compounds detected.
Fence to Fence Survey	1988	To identify and inventory HPA hazardous waste and toxic material.	ERM-West	A comprehensive list of areas and buildings containing potentially toxic chemicals was developed.
Utilities Technical Study	1989	To assess the physical integrity of the storm drain and sanitary sewer system.	YEI Engineers	Sanitary and storm drain system were connected in the past. Storm and sanitary lines may be leaking at certain locations. PCB containing transformer were identified at 35 areas.
Underground Storage Tank Investigation	1989	To identify UST locations, contents, and integrity	IT Corporation	Forty-four USTs were identified.
Reconnaissance Study	1990	To perform a preliminary investigation of the 11 areas identified in the CS. Develop sampling plan for RI sampling.	HLA	Boundaries of the landfill were estimated. Presence of VOCs detected at IR-1. Background beta and gamma radiation levels measured. Anomalous areas of higher radiation identified. Workplan for RI sampling developed.
PA Other Areas/Utilities	1990	To screen HPA and identify areas with existing of potential threat of environmental contamination. Prepare recommendation for future SI of areas with potential threat.	HLA	Four additional areas recommended for RI/FS. Thirty additional areas recommended for investigation.
Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan (ESAP)	1991	To assess potential contamination of bay sediments and biota.	ATT	Results due 1993
Storm Water Investigation	1991	To assess the quality of water discharged to the bay through storm drains.	HLA	VOC and SVOCs were detected in sediments. Low level of VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and petroleum products detected in storm water.
Surface Confirmation Radiation Study	1991-1992	To determine the type and levels of radiation present at HPA.	PRC	Ra-226 was found at IR-1/21 and IR-2, additional areas for further investigation were determined.
Surface Confirmation Radiation Study Phase II	1993		PRC		Results due 1994
Air Sampling	1992	Screening study designed to evaluate baseline levels at the facility and to provide data that can be used in combination with dispersion modeling for HPA public health and environmental evaluations.	HLA	Pesticides and metals were detected at an upwind background monitoring station, the source of those pesticides is unknown. Low levels of VOCs and asbestos were detected.
Tidal Influence Monitoring	1992	To evaluate the effects of tidal fluctuations on groundwater flow directions and the intrusion, if any, of the water from San Francisco Bay into aquifers under HPA.	HLA	Tidal influence was observed at several monitoring wells likely due to suspected bay water infiltration through the storm drains into aquifers. Total dissolved solids high at several IR areas.
Aquifer Testing	1992	To estimate the hydraulic properties of saturated materials comprising major aquifer zones.	PRC	Two aquifers have been defined at HPA, a shallow aquifer and an undifferentiated aquifer. Bay water appears to recharge the fill materials that comprise the shallow aquifer along the southern water front.
Groundwater Monitoring	1992	To seasonal trends in water levels and chemical concentrations in groundwater at each IR area. To monitor groundwater quality and hydrology to assess changes in the rate and extent of contaminant migration and the distribution of contaminants at each IR area.	HLA	Monitoring to be done quarterly and annually and help to establish baseline conditions for future remedial actions.
Ecological Risk Assessment	1993
Adapted from Overview of the Installation Restoration Program presented to ATSDR on August 31, 1992. Hunters Point Annex San Francisco, California. Harding Lawson Associates.

Table C-4. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Population Data

	Hunters Point/Bayview	San Francisco County
Total Persons	16,049	723,959
Total Square Miles	2.83	46.70
Persons per Square Mile	5,671	15,502
% Male	45.3	50.1
% Female	54.7	49.9
% White	6.4	53.6
% Black	75.6	10.9
% American Indian, Eskimo or Aleut	0.4	0.5
% Asian or Pacific Islander	14.0	29.1
% Other Races	3.6	5.9
% Hispanic Origin	7.0	13.9
% Under Age 10	18.5	9.3
% Age 65 and Older	11.0	14.6
Source: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1 (California). Prepared by Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1991.

Table C-5. Hunters Point/Bayview and San Francisco County Housing Data

	Hunters Point District	San Francisco County
Households*	5,029	305,584
Persons per household	3.8	2.29
% Households owner-occupied	41.3	34.5
% Households renter-occupied	58.7	65.5
Households mobile homes	0.1	0.0
Persons in group quarters	0.3	3.4
Median value owner-occupied households, $	190,000	298,000
Median rent paid, renter-occupied households, $	295	613
* A household is an occupied housing unit, but does not include group quarters such as military barracks, prisons, and college dormitories.
Source: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1 (California). Prepared by Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1991.

Table C-6. Relationship of Mussel and Sediment Sampling Stations with Other Site Features
Sediment Stations	Mussel Stations	Stormwater Stations	Bay Water Stations	Outfall Areas	Associated Areas(s)	OU
S-1	M-1			B	IR-7, IR-18	IV
S-2	M-2			C	IR-6, IR-10	II
S-3	M-3	ST-1	B-1	D	IR-6, IR-10	II
S-4	M-4				IR-6	II
S-5	M-5	ST-2	B-2	G,H,I,J	IR-9	II
S-6	M-6				IR-8, IR-9	II
S-7	M-7				PA-16, IR-17	V
S-8	M-8			A	IR-11, IR-15, PA-16, IR-17	V
S-9	M-9				IR-2, IR-11, IR-15	I, V
S-10	M-10				IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, IR-11, IR-14, IR-15		I, II, V
S-11	M-11	ST-3	B-3		IR-2, IR-5, IR-12, IR-13		I, III, V
S-12	M-12				IR-2, IR-4, IR-5, IR-12		I, III, V
S-13	M-13				IR-1, IR-4		I, III
S-14	M-14				IR-1		I
S-15	M-15				Dry Docks #2 and #3
S-16	M-16	ST-4	B-4	E,F	S-203, S-209, S-210, S-215
S-17	M-17				Dry Dock #4
Taken from the EPA Letter to Ramond E. Ramos Western Division, Naval Facility Engineering Command, Subject: Environmental Sampling and Analysis Plan Data Review.

Table C-7. Stormwater Bioassays

Test Organism	Test Acceptability Criterion for Controls*	Data Validation*	Bioassay Time Frame	Results	ATSDR Comments
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)	Achieved	Reliable	7 day	No significant differences between the control and survival in any treatments for ST1 and ST2. There was a significant difference between the control survival and survival at 100 percent treatment for samples ST3 and ST4. The reduction of survival in ST3 may be a statistical anomaly.	ST4 stormwater appears to be toxic. Survival and growth of fathead minnows exposed to HPA ST4 stormwater were reduced 100%.
Cladoceran/Water Flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia)	Achieved	Inconclusive	7 day	Factors other than sample dose affected the response of the cladoceran. Poor performance in ST3 suggests that this sample may be toxic.
Green Alga (Selenastrum capricornutum)	Achieved	Inconclusive	96 hour	Factors outside of sample dose affected algal response.
Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina)	Achieved	Reliable		All samples were nontoxic to inland silverside larvae.	Inland silverside larvae do not appear to be effected by HPA stormwaters.
Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)	Not Achieved	Reliable		Results indicate that the synthetic seawater diluent inhibited purple sea urchin fertilization. Full-strength samples do not appear to be toxic.	Inconclusive, fertilization of purple sea urchin eggs was not achieved.
Marine Diatom (Skeletonema costatum)	Achieved for control cell density, however, it was three to four times less than performance control density.	Inconclusive		Factors outside of sample dose affected response.
* This is the Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation. Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.

Table C-8. Sediment Elutriate¹

Test Organism	Test Acceptability Criterion for Controls*	Data Validation*	Bioassay Time Frame	Results	ATSDR Comments
Sanddabs (Citharicthys stigmaeus)	Achieved for one parameter, provisional for two parameters, and not achieved for five parameters	Inconclusive	96 hour	Organism survival in the elutriate controls was low. Survival in the diluent control was high, suggesting that factors associated with either the samples of elutriate preparations were responsible for toxicity. Factors other than, or in addition to, sample dose may have been responsible for morality. Sample aeration may have been responsible morality.	Group one fish, pacific sanddab survival in sediment wash showed the sediment stations 8 and 6 to be toxic.
Pacific Oyster (Crassistrea gigas)	Achieved for four parameters an provisional for two parameters.	Reliable	48 hour	Response curves showed a positive relationship between elutriate concentration and oyster mortality and abnormality. Statistical analysis showed that no samples were significantly different from respective elutriate controls. Analysis of abnormality data demonstrated that abnormalities were significantly higher in samples S-1, S-3, S-6, S-15, and S-16.	Sediments at stations S-1, S-3, S-6, S-15, and S-16 appear to be toxic.
¹ Elutriate - decanted liquid from sediment. * Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation. Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.

Table C-9. Sediment Bioassay

Test Organism	Test Acceptability Criterion for Controls*	Data Validation*	Bioassay Time Frame	Results	ATSDR Comments
Mysid^** Shrimp (Holmesimysis costata) *Mysid - any of an order (Mysidacea)* of small, shrimp-like, malacostracan with a carapace over most of the thorax.	Achieved for six parameters and provisional for two parameters.	Reliable	10 day	Generally mysid survival in the HPA samples was about the same as the survival observed in the reference samples. The bioassay laboratory speculated that high biochemical oxygen demand may have been responsible for depressed dissolved oxygen, which required sample aeration. Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality.	Mysids do not appear to be effected by HPA sediments.
Amiphods/Crustaceans (Eohaustorius esturius)	Achieved for two parameters, provisional for two parameters, and not met for one parameter.	Inconclusive	10 day	The bioassay laboratory speculated that high biochemical oxygen demand may have been responsible for depressed dissolved oxygen, which required sample aeration. Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality. Statistical analysis demonstrated the amphipod survival, for each sample except S-10, was significantly lower than the respective control. The results indicate that apparent toxicity at HPA is no greater than toxicity at the reference sites.
Burrowing Polychaete (Nephtys caecoides)	Achieved for two parameters, provisional for one, and not met for one parameter.	Inconclusive	10 day	Inadvertent turbulence from the aeration may have caused undue stress, leading to mortality. Polychaete survival in the HPA samples was about the same as the survival observed in the reference samples.	Polychaete worms exposed to whole sediments survival significantly lower in all samples (reference station toxicity same as HPA toxicity).
* This is the Navy's test acceptability criterion for controls and data validation. Adapted from PRC Environmental Management, INC. Data Validation Summary Analysis. Naval Station Treasure Island, Hunters Point Annex, San Francisco. April 15, 1993.