PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
LITCHFIELD AIRPORT AREA
(a/k/a PHOENIX GOODYEAR AIRPORT)
GOODYEAR, MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA
EPA FACILITY ID: AZD980695902
December 18, 2000
Prepared by:
Arizona Department of Health Services
Office of Environmental Health
Under Cooperative Agreement with the
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
- 1.1 Site Description and History
1.2 Site Visit
1.3 Demographics
1.4 Land Use and Natural Resources
1.5 Health Outcome Data
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND OTHER HAZARDS
- 3.1 On-site Contamination
- 3.1.1 On-site Soil Contamination
3.1.2 On-site Groundwater Contamination
3.1.3 Past On-site Thermal Oxidizer Emissions
5.0 PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
- 5.1 Toxicologic Evaluation
- 5.1.1 Health-based Guidance Levels
- 5.1.1.1 Health-based Guidance Levels for Past On-site Thermal Oxidizer Emissions
5.1.1.2 Health-based Guidance Levels for the Contaminated Water in the Small Irrigation Canals
5.1.1.3 Ingestion Exposures to Eating Edible Plants Irrigated with Contaminated Groundwater
- 5.2.1 Evaluation of Arizona Department of Health Services Health Studies
5.2.2 SunCor Housing Risk Assessment
- 5.3.1 Community Residents Concerns5.3.2 Former Unidynamics Workers Concerns
- 1. Map showing location of the Phoenix Goodyear Airport North (PGA) site.
2. Map showing the location of the Unidynamics plant and contaminated groundwater plume.
3. Photographs of the PGA North site.
4. Exposure history forms.
5. Graph showing the different sources of dioxins and furans.
6. Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene.
7. Summary of target analytes in Globe and SunCor wells.
8. Calculations for exposure doses.
9. Definition of ATSDR Hazard Categories
10. Public Comments and Responses on Draft Public Health Assessment
- Table 1. On-site Soil Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Concentrations and Comparison to Soil Remediation Levels (SRLs).
Table 2. Highest 1989 On-site Soil Concentrations of Metals and Their Comparison to Soil Remediation Levels (SRLs).
Table 3. Current On-site Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Perchlorate Concentrations in the Two Groundwater Subunits Compared to Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs).
Table 4. TCE and Perchlorate Concentrations in Private Off-site Irrigation and Domestic Wells at the PGA North site.
Table 5. TCE Concentrations in the Private Wells at Park Shadows Apartments
Table 6. Complete and Potential Future Exposure Pathways for the PGA North Site
Table 7. Estimated Outdoor Air Concentrations of TCE from 1996 to 1998 from the Thermal Oxidizer Emissions and Comparison to Health-based Guidance Levels (HBGLs).
Table 8. Comparison of TCE Concentrations in the Globe #2 Irrigation Well to the Health-based Guidance Levels (HBGLs).
| ADHS | Arizona Department of Health Services |
|---|---|
| ADEQ | Arizona Department of Environmental Quality |
| ALAA | American Lung Association of Arizona |
| ACS | American Cancer Society |
| ATSDR | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry |
| CDD | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins |
| CDF | polychlorinated dibenzofurans |
| COC | chemical of concern |
| HBGL | Health-based Guidance Levels |
| IMSAMET | name of the aluminum smelter in the Goodyear area |
| LIPSCO | Litchfield Water Company |
| MAG | Maricopa County Association of Governments |
| MCL | maximum contaminant level |
| MEK | methly ethyl ketone |
| mg/m3 | milligrams per cubic meter |
| m/sec | meter per second |
| MRL | minimal risk level |
| NA | not applicable |
| ND | not-detected |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NS | not sampled |
| OAC | outdoor air concentrations |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| PCBs | polychlorinated biphenyls |
| PCP | pentachlorophenol |
| PGA | Phoenix Goodyear Airport |
| PM-10 | particulate matter |
| ppb | parts per billion |
| ppm | parts per million |
| RID | Roosevelt Irrigation District |
| SLE | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| SRLs | Soil Remediation Levels |
| TCA | trichloroacetic acid |
| TCDD | dioxin (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) |
| TCE | trichloroethylene |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating Hormone |
| USEPA | United States Environmental Protection Agency |
| VOCs | volatile organic compounds |
| µg/L | micrograms per liter |
- aquifer
- a permeable rock stratum below the earth's surface through which groundwater moves; generally capable of producing water for a well.
- chemicals of concern
- chemicals whose concentrations are above the appropriate screening level.
- clean
- this word is used to describe water quality. This indicates that the water quality in question is in compliance with federal water quality standards developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
- detection limit
- the minimum concentrations that must be accurately and precisely measured by the laboratory and/or specified in the quality assurance plan.
- dose
- the amount of contamination absorbed or deposited in the body of an exposed organism for an increment of time. A total dose is the sum of doses received by a person from a contaminant in a given interval resulting from interaction with all environmental media that contain the contaminant. Units of dose and total dose are often converted to units of mass per volume of physiological fluid or mass of tissue.
- exposure
- an event that occurs when there is contact at a boundary between a human being and the environment with a contaminant for a specific concentration for an interval of time: the units of exposure are concentration multiplied by time.
- exposure pathway
- the process by which an individual is exposed to contaminants that originate from some source of contamination and are categorized as inhalation, dermal, and/or ingestion exposures.
- gene mutation
- a persistent change in a single gene.
- latency
- the period between stimulus application and response onset.
- maximum contaminant levels
- enforceable drinking water standards that are protective of public health to the extent feasible with current technology.
- minimal risk level
- an estimate of daily exposure of a human being to a chemical (in mg/kg/day) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over a specified duration of exposure.
- particulate
- small, discrete, solid or liquid bodies, especially those suspended in a liquidor gaseous medium.
- parts per million
- one part per million (ppm) equals 1 pound chemical per million pounds ofwater.
- public health assessment
- an evaluation of relevant environmental data, health outcome data, and community concerns associated with a site where hazardous substances have been released.
- quality assurance
- a planned system of activities whose purpose is to provide assurance of thereliability and defensibility of the data.
- quality control
- a routine application of procedures for controlling the monitoring process. QC is the responsibility of all those performing hands-on operations in the filed and in the laboratory.
- route of exposure
- means by which the contaminant actually enters or contacts the body, such as ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and dermal absorption.
- soil remediation levels (SRLs)
- health-based soil screening levels. SRLs protect against toxic doses of systemic toxicants and limit excess lifetime cancer risk to one-in-one-million.
- volatile compounds
- compounds amenable to analysis by the purge and trap techniques, also referred to as purgable compounds.
- volatilization
- the conversion of a liquid or solid into vapors.
