ATSDR - PHA - Commencement Bay, South Tacoma Field, Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington

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PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

COMMENCEMENT BAY, SOUTH TACOMA FIELD
(a/k/a COMMENCEMENT BAY, SOUTH TACOMA CHANNEL)
TACOMA, PIERCE COUNTY, WASHINGTON

APPENDICES

A. Maps for South Tacoma Field Site

B. Contaminants of Concern Tables

C. Exposure Assumptions

D. Response to Public Comments

APPENDIX - A
Maps for South Tacoma Field Site

Figure 1. Site Location Map for South Tacoma Field Superfund Site

Figure 2. Sampling Unit Designations and Businesses Map

Figure 3. Upgradient and On-Site Monitoring Well Locations Map

APPENDIX - B
Contaminants of Concern Tables

TABLE 1
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Surface Soils, Phase I and II

CONTAMINANT SWAMP AIRPORT DISMANTLING YARD RAILYARD TIP AMSTED COMPARISON VALUE

Range of Detection (mg/kg) mg/kg Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 1,560 - 24,000 8,770 - 26,600 1,350 - 104,000 3,550 - 28,400 8,260 - 62,300 8,910 - 27,500 None None

Antimony 2.1 - 23.2 4.7 - 24.4 2.1 - 46.6 2.1 - 491 2.1 - 58 2.5 - 1,150 20 RMEG

Arsenic 0.70 - 54.4 2.9 - 50.1 2.5 - 696 1.8 - 395 0.24 - 52.32 6.1 - 389 20 EMEG

Barium 33.5 - 974 46.1 - 565 10.8 - 2,600 9.9 - 2,290 55.1 - 850 52.3 - 675 4,000 RMEG

Beryllium 0.11 - 1 0.10 - 0.98 0.09 - 14.4 0.1 - 2.7 0.11 - 2.9 0.13 - 2.2 0.2 CREG

Boron 0.75 - 44 2.0 - 26.2 0.85 - 1,300 0.85 - 229 2.0 - 5.5 0.85 - 2.4 500 EMEG*

Cadmium 0.11 - 12.1 0.21 - 4.0 0.21 - 29.9 0.11 - 22.6 0.21 - 2.0 0.12 - 13.4 40 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 14.3 - 501 10.2 - 94.1 2.9 - 707 2.9 - 282 12.7 - 107 21.0 - 130 300 RMEG+

Cobalt 1.4 - 21.1 5.2 - 17.7 2.4 - 135 0.7 - 37.4 7.0 - 19.0 5.5 - 20.7 None None

Copper 7.2 - 287 11.2 - 418 7.2 - 11,200 11.7 - 13,000 14.7 - 334 42.2 - 163,000 None None

Lead 4.7 - 1,510 6.8 - 1,160 18.1 - 24,000 11.2 - 27,100 6.6 - 1,820 16.4 - 118,000 None None

Manganese 74.6 - 6,090 180 - 763 42.2 - 5,850 22.7 - 2,270 293 - 27,000 202 - 21,800 300 RMEG

Nickel 6 - 472 16.5 - 70.9 2.8 - 173 7.6 - 121 13.3 - 41.5 20.8 - 865 None None

Thallium 0.11 - 3.0 0.1 - 0.32 0.06 - 6.7 0.10 - 1.2 0.11 - 0.25 0.12 - 5.9 None None

Vanadium 2.5 - 321 25.6 - 154 0.34 - 170 13.5 - 170 28.8 - 106 19.4 - 105 200 EMEG*

Zinc 13.4 - 781 30.2 - 972 35.3 - 24,200 25.8 - 7,530 43.6 - 242 49.5 - 61,600 20,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene ND ND 0.008 - 0.012 ND ND ND 20 CREG

Bromodichloromethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 CREG

Chloroform ND ND 0.012 - 0.036 ND ND ND 100 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 8 CREG

Ethylbenzene ND ND ND ND ND ND 5,000 RMEG

Methylene Chloride 0.031 - 0.480 0.110 - 0.930 0.150 - 0.90 0.073 - 1.40 0.310 0.140 - 0.160 90 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene ND ND 0.005 0.003 ND ND 10 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 CREG

Trichloroethylene ND ND 0.009 ND ND ND 60 CREG

Vinyl Chloride ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.120 - 0.58 0.044 - 0.430 0.048 - 1.3 0.05 - 4.2 0.032 ND 50 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND ND ND 0.043 - 9.7 ND ND 2 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND ND ND 0.078 - 0.096 ND ND 6 CREG

Poylnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene 0.01 - 4.1 0.019 - 2.6 0.01 - 9.4 0.02 - 4.3 0.044 - 1.5 0.01 - 1.7 None None

Benzo(a)pyrene 0.009 - 8.9 0.032 - 0.01 0.01 - 6.3 0.02 - 3.8 0.032 - 2.2 0.01 - 2.1 0.1 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.01 - 6 0.02 - 3.1 0.01 - 6.5 0.014 - 6.8 0.061 - 2.9 0.01 - 2.2 None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.022 - 7.6 0.016 - 1.8 0.014 - 7.4 0.02 - 3.2 1.8 - 1.9 0.02 - 1.5 None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.007 - 3.9 0.015 - 1.5 0.01 - 3.4 0.013 - 3.6 0.022 - 1.1 0.01 - 1.2 None None

Chrysene 0.01 - 4.6 0.013 - 2.6 0.011 - 9.9 0.014 - 4.1 0.065 - 1.9 0.01 - 2.2 None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.086 1 0.02 - 0.87 0.02 - 0.16 ND 0.01 - 0.25 None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.01 - 6.7 0.012 - 2 0.01 - 5.8 0.01 - 2.9 0.038 - 1.7 0.01 - 1.3 None None

Naphthalene 0.13 - 0.21 0.44 0.01 - 2.9 0.11 - 4.8 ND ND None None

Phenanthrene 0.12 - 1.7 0.012 - 2.1 0.01 - 15 0.012 - 6.1 0.048 - 1 0.02 - 4.5 None None

Total PAHs 0.28 - 46.7 0.28 - 25.0 0.28 - 105.3 0.018 - 70.4 0.28 - 37.0 0.38 - 30.3 0.1 CREG

Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs 0.04 - 34.2 0.04 - 12.6 0 - 38.5 0.04 - 24.5 0.04 - 10.6 0.06 - 10.2 0.1 CREG

Pesticides

Aldrin ND ND ND 0.012 ND ND 0.04 CREG

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

Aroclor 1242 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1248 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1254 ND ND 0.2 - 9.0 0.17 - 56 ND ND 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1260 ND ND 0.35 - 0.44 1.0 ND ND 0.09 CREG

TABLE 2
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Subsurface Soils, Phase I

CONTAMINANT PIONEER BUILDERS TACOMA PUBLIC UTILITIES COMPARISON VALUE

Maximum Detection (mg/kg) mg/kg Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 10,300 20,800 None None

Antimony ND 15.6 20 RMEG

Arsenic 1.8 133 20 EMEG

Barium 57.7 125 4,000 RMEG

Beryllium 0.52 0.42 0.2 CREG

Boron ND ND 500 EMEG*

Cadium ND 2.4 40 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 19.3 2,300 300 RMEG+

Cobalt 8.0 10.2 None None

Copper 16.4 856 None None

Lead 1.2 838 None None

Manganese 275 836 300 RMEG

Nickel 25.5 48.8 None None

Thallium ND 1.24 None None

Vanadium 29.8 44.5 200 EMEG*

Zinc 28.0 542 20,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene ND 0.95 20 CREG

Bromodichloromethane ND ND 10 CREG

Chloroform ND ND 100 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane ND ND 8 CREG

Ethylbenzene 0.055 ND 5,000 RMEG

Methylene Chloride 1.0 0.11 90 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene ND 0.017 10 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND ND 10 CREG

Trichloroethylene ND 0.31 60 CREG

Vinyl Chloride ND ND 1 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.89 3.7 50 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND 22.0 2 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND 150.0 6 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene 0.056 30.0 None None

Benzo(a)pyrene 0.031 16.0 0.1 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.085 22.0 None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.043 8.0 None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.043 14.0 None None

Chrysene 0.2 51.0 None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ND 1.7 None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.058 6.2 None None

Phenanthrene 0.076 150.0 None None

Pesticides

Aldrin ND 2.0 0.04 CREG

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

Aroclor 1242 ND 71.0 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1248 ND 0.51 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1254 ND 0.27 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1260 ND 840.0 0.09 CREG

TABLE 3
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Subsurface Soils, Phase II

CONTAMINANT SWAMP AIRPORT DISMANTLING YARD RAILYARD TIP AMSTED COMPARISON VALUE

Maximum Detection (mg/kg) mg/kg Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 18,000 17,600 24,100 32,400 27,100 178,000 None None

Antimony ND 13 276 762 90 877 20 RMEG

Arsenic 67.6 19.6 57.7 360 126 95.6 20 EMEG

Barium NA NA NA NA NA NA 4,000 RMEG

Beryllium ND 0.58 0.68 2.4 1.7 9.4 0.2 CREG

Boron NA NA NA NA NA NA 500 EMEG*

Cadmium ND 0.80 11.7 4.0 1.5 10.3 40 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 523 89 80.4 143 153 896 300 RMEG+

Cobalt 37.4 19.1 20.1 19.3 53.3 290 None None

Copper 428 383 881 27,300 455 24,400 None None

Lead 1,110 1,970 9,890 17,000 2,360 31,200 None None

Manganese 2,880 522 1,520 1,760 15,600 13,800 300 RMEG

Nickel 472 437 173 114 75.9 582 None None

Thallium NA NA NA NA NA NA None None

Vanadium 134 51.2 59.8 189 109 529 200 EMEG*

Zinc 1,580 1,730 9,760 958 517 13,200 20,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene 5.0 ND ND 3.0 ND 21.0 20 CREG

Bromodichloromethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 CREG

Chloroform ND ND ND ND ND ND 100 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 8 CREG

Ethylbenzene 9.0 ND ND ND ND 0.01 5,000 RMEG

Methylene Chloride 48.0 54.0 ND 48.0 13.0 ND 90 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene 14.0 ND 81.0 ND ND ND 10 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 CREG

Trichloroethylene ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 CREG

Vinyl Chloride ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 EMEG

Semi-Volatiles Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1.8 0.16 2.0 2.2 0.36 9.6 50 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND ND ND 0.33 ND ND 2 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds

Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs 18.0 17.1 8.3 8.03 0.535 3.7 0.1 CREG

Pesticides

Aldrin ND ND ND 0.037 ND ND 0.04 CREG

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

PCBs ND ND 0.44 40.0 ND ND 0.09 CREG

TABLE 4
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Groundwater

CONTAMINANT Range of Detection (µg/L) COMPARISON VALUE

µg/L Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 16.0 - 5,940 None None

Antimony 11.0 - 50.7 4 RMEG

Arsenic 1.0 - 50.9 0.02 CREG

Barium 2.2 - 56.5 700 RMEG

Beryllium 1.0 - 2.6 0.008 CREG

Boron 20.2 - 1,940 100 EMEG*

Cadmium <1.0 - <3.0 7 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 3.3 - 21.5 50 RMEG+

Cobalt 3.2 - 218 None None

Copper 1.0 - 21.0 None None

Lead 0.7 - 58.9 None None

Manganese 1.0 - 5,200 50 RMEG

Nickel 6.7 - 1,950 100 LTHA

Thallium 1.0 - 7.5 0.4 LTHA

Vanadium 3.3 - 30.5 30 EMEG*

Zinc 2.0 - 726 3,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene 86 - 480 1 CREG

Bromodichloromethane 2.0 0.6 CREG

Chloroform 1.0 - 20 6 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane 5.0 - 7.0 0.4 CREG

Ethylbenzene 150 - 1,000 1,000 EMEG

Methylene Chloride 3.0 - 6.0 5 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene 3.0 - 4.0 0.7 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 51.0 0.6 CREG

Trichloroethylene 1.0 - 6.0 3 CREG

Vinyl Chloride 2.0 0.2 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.7 - 7.0 3 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND 0.08 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND 0.3 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene ND None None

Benzo(a)pyrene ND 0.005 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene ND None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene ND None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene ND None None

Chrysene ND None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ND None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene ND None None

Naphthalene 2.3 - 190 20 LTHA

Phenanthrene 0.14 - 1.1 None

Pesticides

Aldrin ND 0.002 CREG

Poylchlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

PCBs ND 0.005 CREG

TABLE 5
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Surface Water

CONTAMINANT RUNON ON-SITE RUNOFF COMPARISON VALUE

Maximum Concentration (µg/L) µg/L Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 38,500 80,900 4,040 None None

Antimony 15.9 ND ND 4 RMEG

Arsenic 25.5 24.8 4.0 0.02 CREG

Barium 252.0 773 31.2 700 RMEG

Beryllium ND 1.9 ND 0.008 CREG

Boron 174.4 47.4 39.8 100 EMEG*

Cadmium 2.4 18.3 ND 7 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 50.4 193 8.0 50 RMEG+

Cobalt 997.0 24.1 ND None None

Copper 52.2 2,980 9.2 None None

Lead 124 219 9.5 None None

Manganese 659 865 52.6 50 RMEG

Nickel 52.6 18.4 15.3 100 LTHA

Thallium 19.5 ND ND 0.4 LTHA

Vanadium 66.9 146 4.2 30 EMEG*

Zinc 325 3,160 40.4 3,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene NA ND ND 1 CREG

Bromodichloromethane NA ND ND 0.6 CREG

Chloroform NA 5.0 ND 6 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane NA ND ND 0.4 CREG

Ethylbenzene NA ND ND 1,000 EMEG

Methylene Chloride NA 8.0 ND 5 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene NA ND ND 0.7 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane NA ND ND 0.6 CREG

Trichloroethylene NA ND ND 3 CREG

Vinyl Chloride NA ND ND 0.2 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ND 55.0 75.0 3 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND ND ND 0.08 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND 6.0 0.7 0.3 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene 0.90 1.5 ND None None

Benzo(a)pyrene 1.0 3.8 ND 0.005 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 2.0 3.9 ND None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1.0 3.7 ND None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.9 2.1 ND None None

Chrysene 2.2 4.4 ND None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.2 1.0 ND None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 1.4 2.0 ND None None

Naphthalene 0.35 ND ND 20 LTHA

Phenanthrene 2.5 3.9 0.087 None None

Pesticides

Aldrin ND ND ND 0.002 CREG

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

PCBs ND ND ND 0.005 CREG

TABLE 6
Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Sediments

CONTAMINANT Maximum Concentration
(mg/kg) COMPARISON VALUE

mg/kg Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum 38,700 None None

Antimony 33.9 20 RMEG

Arsenic 93.8 20 EMEG

Barium 2,550 4,000 RMEG

Beryllium 1.1 0.2 CREG

Boron 47.6 500 EMEG*

Cadmium 18 40 EMEG

Chromium (Total) 614 300 RMEG+

Cobalt 20 None None

Copper 979 None None

Lead 2,050 None None

Manganese 814 300 RMEG

Nickel 408 None None

Thallium ND None None

Vanadium 93 200 EMEG*

Zinc 2,460 20,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene 0.024 20 CREG

Bromodichloromethane ND 10 CREG

Chloroform 0.14 500 EMEG

1,2-Dichloroethane ND 8 CREG

Ethylbenzene 0.17 5,000 RMEG

Methylene Chloride 2.0 None None

1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND 10 CREG

Trichloroethylene ND 60 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene ND 10 CREG

Vinyl Chloride ND 1.0 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 160 50 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND 2 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND 6 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene 32 None None

Benzo(a)pyrene 35 0.1 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 36 None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 29 None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 22 None None

Chrysene 44 None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 5.5 None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 29 None None

Naphthalene ND None None

Phenanthrene 64 None None

Total PAHs 560 None None

Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs 200 0.1 CREG

Pesticides

Aldrin ND 0.04 CREG

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

Aroclor 1242 ND 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1248 ND 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1254 1.8 0.09 CREG

Aroclor 1260 4 0.09 CREG

TABLE 7
Contaminants of Concern in Off-Site Groundwater
Upgradient and Background Wells

CONTAMINANT Range of Detection (µg/L) COMPARISON VALUE

µg/L Source

Inorganic Compounds

Aluminum <16.0 - 28,800 None None

Antimony <11.0 - 24.2 4 RMEG

Arsenic <1.0 - 16.7 0.02 CREG

Barium <20.0 - 282 700 RMEG

Beryllium <1.0 0.008 CREG

Boron <19.0 - 184 100 EMEG*

Cadmium <1.0 - <4.6 7 EMEG

Chromium (Total) <5.0 - 48.5 50 RMEG+

Cobalt <3.0 - 46.2 None None

Copper <1.0 - 112 None None

Lead <1.0 - 42.0 None None

Manganese <1.0 - 3,160 50 RMEG

Nickel <8.0 - 152 100 LTHA

Thallium <1.0 - 3.0 0.4 LTHA

Vanadium <4.0 - 78.0 30 EMEG*

Zinc <2.0 - 429 3,000 RMEG

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene ND 1 CREG

Bromodichloromethane ND 0.6 CREG

Chloroform ND 6 CREG

1,2-Dichloroethane 12.0 - 13.0 0.4 CREG

1,1-Dichloroethylene 3.0 - 28.0 0.6 CREG

Ethylbenzene ND 1,000 EMEG

Methylene Chloride ND 5 CREG

Tetrachloroethylene 1.0 0.7 CREG

1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND 0.6 CREG

Trichloroethylene 7.0 3 CREG

Vinyl Chloride 2.0 0.2 EMEG

Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 5.0 - 20.0 3 CREG

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND 0.08 CREG

Pentachlorophenol ND 0.3 CREG

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds

Benzo(a)anthracene ND None None

Benzo(a)pyrene ND 0.005 CREG

Benzo(b)fluoranthene ND None None

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene ND None None

Benzo(k)fluoranthene ND None None

Chrysene ND None None

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ND None None

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene ND None None

Naphthalene 0.12 20 LTHA

Phenanthrene ND None

Pesticides

Aldrin ND 0.002 CREG

Poylchlorinated Biphenyl Compounds

PCBs ND 0.005 CREG

TABLE 8
Completed and Potential Exposure Pathways

Pathway Name Exposure Pathway Elements Time

Source Media Point of Exposure Route of Exposure Exposed Population

Completed Exposure Pathways

Surface Soils STF Surface Soils and Soil Dust Dismantling Yard Railyard
Airport
Swamp Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact Recreationalists/trespassers Past
Present
Future

Surface Water STF Surface Water Dismantling Yard
Swamp
Airport Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact Recreationalists/trespassers Past
Present
Future

Sediments STF Sediments Dismantling Yard
Swamp
Airport Ingestion, and Dermal Contact Recreationalists/trespassers Past
Present
Future

Potential Exposure Pathways

Groundwater STF On-site and Off- site Groundwater Public and Private (Industrial and Residential) Supply Wells Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact Workers and Residents Past
Present
Future

Surface Soils STF Surface Soils
and Soil Dust Amsted
TIP Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact Recreationalists/trespassers Past
Future

Subsurface Soils STF Exposed Subsurface Soils and Soil Dust Dismantling Yard
Railyard
Amsted
Airport
Swamp Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact On-site Workers and Recreationalists/trespassers Future

APPENDIX - C
Exposure Assumptions

Surface Soil and Sediment Exposure Assumptions

Child

Exposure Frequency 2 days per week
52 weeks per year
Exposure Duration 6 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
6 years
Body Weight 16 kg
Ingestion Rate 200 mg per day
Adult

Exposure Frequency 1 day per week
52 weeks per year
Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
Exposure Time 365 days per year
30 years
Carcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
70 years
Body Weight 70 kg
Ingestion Rate 100 mg per day

Exposure Factor (EF) = exposure frequency x exposure duration ÷ exposure time

C = contaminant concentration (mg/kg)
IR = soil ingestion rate (mg/day)
EF = exposure factor (unitless)
BW = body weight (kg)

A conversion factor of 10^-6 kg/mg is required to convert the soil contaminant concentration (C) from mg/kg to mg/mg soil.

Surface Water Exposure Assumptions

Child

Exposure Frequency 2 days per week
12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
Exposure Duration 6 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
6 years
Body Weight 16 kg
Ingestion Rate 0.05 liters per day
Adult

Exposure Frequency 1 day per week
12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
Exposure Time 365 days per year
30 years
Carcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
70 years
Body Weight 70 kg
Ingestion Rate 0.05 liters per day

Based on EPA recommended intake value for intensive water activities, (e.g., swimming), accidental ingestion of surface water during water activities is assumed to be 50 ml per hour for both children and adults, assuming that water activity occurs 1 hour per visit.

Exposure Factor (EF) = exposure frequency x exposure duration ÷ exposure time

C = contaminant concentration (µg/L)
IR = water ingestion rate (L/day)
EF = exposure factor (unitless)
BW = body weight (kg)

A conversion factor of 10^-3 mg/µg is required to convert the water contaminant concentration (C) from µg/L to mg/L water.

Equations for Surface Soil and Sediment Ingestion

Noncarcinogenic Evaluation

Child Estimated Daily Exposure Dose = (C x IR x EF X 10^-6)/BW

Adult Estimated Daily Exposure Dose =

C x 10^-6 x [{(child IR x child exposure frequency x child exposure duration)/(child BW x 365 days/year)} + {(adult IR x adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration )/30 years}/(adult BW x 365 days/year)]

Equations for Surface Water Ingestion

Noncarcinogenic Evaluation

Child Estimated Daily Exposure Dose = (C x IR x EF X 10^-3)/BW

Adult Estimated Daily Exposure Dose =

C x 10^-3 x [{(child IR x child exposure frequency x child exposure duration)/(child BW x 365 days/year)} + {(adult IR x adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration )/30 years}/(adult BW x 365 days/year)]

Carcinogenic Evaluation

Cancer Risk = Estimated Daily Exposure Dose x Cancer Slope Factor

Exposure Factor used in the estimated daily exposure dose for the cancer risk equation is:

EF = adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration (30 years) ÷ adult exposure time (365 days per year x 70 years)

APPENDIX - D

Response to Public Comments

The South Tacoma Field Public Health Assessment was made available for public review and comment from April 17, 1995, through July 7, 1995. During the public comment period, written comments were submitted from one party, Tacoma Industrial Properties. The following responses address the comments specific to Tacoma Industrial Properties and pertinent to the public health assessment.

1. Comment: Second page of the Summary, last paragraph. Reference is made to "restricting public access and maintaining site security at ..., Tacoma Industrial Properties..." In response, the TIP site is surrounded by a chain-link fence with a gate at the South Proctor Street entrance. This gate is locked after normal business hours. This is the only physical restriction planned for the TIP site. No remedial action is required for this site. In general, this paragraph is too broad, burdensome, and misleading as to the actions required of a specific property owner.
Response: The public health assessment has been revised to indicate that the TIP sampling unit is fenced. In response to the comment concerning the vagueness of the public health assessment recommendations, ATSDR acts as an advisory agency providing recommendations for actions needed to protect public health. These recommendations are primarily directed at regulatory agencies, such as EPA. ATSDR intentionally makes recommendations so that response options are not specific, thus allowing regulatory agencies flexibility in developing risk management decisions for appropriate remedial actions in effort to satisfy CERCLIS requirements, as well as ATSDR recommendations.

2. Comment: Page 5, Paragraph 7, Line 9: The building occupied by Savage Industries is on the former Griffin Wheel site, not BNR as written. Griffin Wheel is a division of Amsted Industries, owner of the property adjacent to TIP.
Response: For clarification the sentence has been changed from "...in old BNR building..." to "...in a former wood patterns and vaults building."

3. Comment: Page 22, A. Surface Soils Pathway, Last paragraph: TIP site is fenced and is no way used as a recreational park.
Response: See response to comment 1.

4. Comment: Page 48, Conclusions: "The South Tacoma Field site poses a public health hazard..." should read "[Prior to remediation,] [t]he South Tacoma Field site poses a public health hazard..." It should be made clear the remedial actions will alleviate any health threats. Otherwise, the RI/FS and cleanup are for naught.
Response: ATSDR Public Health Assessment is an evaluation of relevant environmental data, health outcome data, and community concerns associated with current conditions of a hazardous waste site. From this evaluation, public health implications posed by the site are determined. The health assessment does not attempt to predict public health implications based on proposed remedial actions to be conducted at the site. However, should monitoring data from site remediation become available, ATSDR could assess whether remedial actions are indeed effective in protecting public health.

5. Comment: Page 50, paragraph 2: Inclusion of TIP in this paragraph is erroneous per the RI/FS and ROD. Concentrations of lead and arsenic are not elevated in comparison to other sites. PCBs were not detected on the TIP site.
Response: As stated in the Conclusions section of the health assessment, manganese is the only contaminant of health concern found in surface soils at the TIP sampling unit. In the Recommendations section, contaminants of concern and sampling units were grouped by specific recommendation. However for clarity, the layout of recommendations will be changed so that recommendations are organized by specific sampling units.

6. Comment: Page 52, Action Undertaken, paragraph 2: As previously stated, the TIP site is surround by a chain-link fence. There have been some cases of trespass and vandalism, but security for the most part has been maintained.
Response: See response to comment 1.

Table of Contents

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1825 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348

Department of Health and Human Services

CONTAMINANT	SWAMP	AIRPORT	DISMANTLING YARD	RAILYARD	TIP	AMSTED	COMPARISON VALUE
CONTAMINANT	Range of Detection (mg/kg)						mg/kg	Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum	1,560 - 24,000	8,770 - 26,600	1,350 - 104,000	3,550 - 28,400	8,260 - 62,300	8,910 - 27,500	None	None
Antimony	2.1 - 23.2	4.7 - 24.4	2.1 - 46.6	2.1 - 491	2.1 - 58	2.5 - 1,150	20	RMEG
Arsenic	0.70 - 54.4	2.9 - 50.1	2.5 - 696	1.8 - 395	0.24 - 52.32	6.1 - 389	20	EMEG
Barium	33.5 - 974	46.1 - 565	10.8 - 2,600	9.9 - 2,290	55.1 - 850	52.3 - 675	4,000	RMEG
Beryllium	0.11 - 1	0.10 - 0.98	0.09 - 14.4	0.1 - 2.7	0.11 - 2.9	0.13 - 2.2	0.2	CREG
Boron	0.75 - 44	2.0 - 26.2	0.85 - 1,300	0.85 - 229	2.0 - 5.5	0.85 - 2.4	500	EMEG*
Cadmium	0.11 - 12.1	0.21 - 4.0	0.21 - 29.9	0.11 - 22.6	0.21 - 2.0	0.12 - 13.4	40	EMEG
Chromium (Total)	14.3 - 501	10.2 - 94.1	2.9 - 707	2.9 - 282	12.7 - 107	21.0 - 130	300	RMEG+
Cobalt	1.4 - 21.1	5.2 - 17.7	2.4 - 135	0.7 - 37.4	7.0 - 19.0	5.5 - 20.7	None	None
Copper	7.2 - 287	11.2 - 418	7.2 - 11,200	11.7 - 13,000	14.7 - 334	42.2 - 163,000	None	None
Lead	4.7 - 1,510	6.8 - 1,160	18.1 - 24,000	11.2 - 27,100	6.6 - 1,820	16.4 - 118,000	None	None
Manganese	74.6 - 6,090	180 - 763	42.2 - 5,850	22.7 - 2,270	293 - 27,000	202 - 21,800	300	RMEG
Nickel	6 - 472	16.5 - 70.9	2.8 - 173	7.6 - 121	13.3 - 41.5	20.8 - 865	None	None
Thallium	0.11 - 3.0	0.1 - 0.32	0.06 - 6.7	0.10 - 1.2	0.11 - 0.25	0.12 - 5.9	None	None
Vanadium	2.5 - 321	25.6 - 154	0.34 - 170	13.5 - 170	28.8 - 106	19.4 - 105	200	EMEG*
Zinc	13.4 - 781	30.2 - 972	35.3 - 24,200	25.8 - 7,530	43.6 - 242	49.5 - 61,600	20,000	RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene	ND	ND	0.008 - 0.012	ND	ND	ND	20	CREG
Bromodichloromethane	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	10	CREG
Chloroform	ND	ND	0.012 - 0.036	ND	ND	ND	100	CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	8	CREG
Ethylbenzene	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	5,000	RMEG
Methylene Chloride	0.031 - 0.480	0.110 - 0.930	0.150 - 0.90	0.073 - 1.40	0.310	0.140 - 0.160	90	CREG
Tetrachloroethylene	ND	ND	0.005	0.003	ND	ND	10	CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	10	CREG
Trichloroethylene	ND	ND	0.009	ND	ND	ND	60	CREG
Vinyl Chloride	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	1	EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	0.120 - 0.58	0.044 - 0.430	0.048 - 1.3	0.05 - 4.2	0.032	ND	50	CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine	ND	ND	ND	0.043 - 9.7	ND	ND	2	CREG
Pentachlorophenol	ND	ND	ND	0.078 - 0.096	ND	ND	6	CREG
Poylnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene	0.01 - 4.1	0.019 - 2.6	0.01 - 9.4	0.02 - 4.3	0.044 - 1.5	0.01 - 1.7	None	None
Benzo(a)pyrene	0.009 - 8.9	0.032 - 0.01	0.01 - 6.3	0.02 - 3.8	0.032 - 2.2	0.01 - 2.1	0.1	CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	0.01 - 6	0.02 - 3.1	0.01 - 6.5	0.014 - 6.8	0.061 - 2.9	0.01 - 2.2	None	None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	0.022 - 7.6	0.016 - 1.8	0.014 - 7.4	0.02 - 3.2	1.8 - 1.9	0.02 - 1.5	None	None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	0.007 - 3.9	0.015 - 1.5	0.01 - 3.4	0.013 - 3.6	0.022 - 1.1	0.01 - 1.2	None	None
Chrysene	0.01 - 4.6	0.013 - 2.6	0.011 - 9.9	0.014 - 4.1	0.065 - 1.9	0.01 - 2.2	None	None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	0.086	1	0.02 - 0.87	0.02 - 0.16	ND	0.01 - 0.25	None	None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	0.01 - 6.7	0.012 - 2	0.01 - 5.8	0.01 - 2.9	0.038 - 1.7	0.01 - 1.3	None	None
Naphthalene	0.13 - 0.21	0.44	0.01 - 2.9	0.11 - 4.8	ND	ND	None	None
Phenanthrene	0.12 - 1.7	0.012 - 2.1	0.01 - 15	0.012 - 6.1	0.048 - 1	0.02 - 4.5	None	None
Total PAHs	0.28 - 46.7	0.28 - 25.0	0.28 - 105.3	0.018 - 70.4	0.28 - 37.0	0.38 - 30.3	0.1	CREG
Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs	0.04 - 34.2	0.04 - 12.6	0 - 38.5	0.04 - 24.5	0.04 - 10.6	0.06 - 10.2	0.1	CREG
Pesticides
Aldrin	ND	ND	ND	0.012	ND	ND	0.04	CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1248	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1254	ND	ND	0.2 - 9.0	0.17 - 56	ND	ND	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1260	ND	ND	0.35 - 0.44	1.0	ND	ND	0.09	CREG

CONTAMINANT	PIONEER BUILDERS	TACOMA PUBLIC UTILITIES	COMPARISON VALUE
CONTAMINANT	Maximum Detection (mg/kg)		mg/kg	Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum	10,300	20,800	None	None
Antimony	ND	15.6	20	RMEG
Arsenic	1.8	133	20	EMEG
Barium	57.7	125	4,000	RMEG
Beryllium	0.52	0.42	0.2	CREG
Boron	ND	ND	500	EMEG*
Cadium	ND	2.4	40	EMEG
Chromium (Total)	19.3	2,300	300	RMEG+
Cobalt	8.0	10.2	None	None
Copper	16.4	856	None	None
Lead	1.2	838	None	None
Manganese	275	836	300	RMEG
Nickel	25.5	48.8	None	None
Thallium	ND	1.24	None	None
Vanadium	29.8	44.5	200	EMEG*
Zinc	28.0	542	20,000	RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene	ND	0.95	20	CREG
Bromodichloromethane	ND	ND	10	CREG
Chloroform	ND	ND	100	CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane	ND	ND	8	CREG
Ethylbenzene	0.055	ND	5,000	RMEG
Methylene Chloride	1.0	0.11	90	CREG
Tetrachloroethylene	ND	0.017	10	CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	ND	ND	10	CREG
Trichloroethylene	ND	0.31	60	CREG
Vinyl Chloride	ND	ND	1	EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	0.89	3.7	50	CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine	ND	22.0	2	CREG
Pentachlorophenol	ND	150.0	6	CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene	0.056	30.0	None	None
Benzo(a)pyrene	0.031	16.0	0.1	CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	0.085	22.0	None	None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	0.043	8.0	None	None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	0.043	14.0	None	None
Chrysene	0.2	51.0	None	None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	ND	1.7	None	None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	0.058	6.2	None	None
Phenanthrene	0.076	150.0	None	None
Pesticides
Aldrin	ND	2.0	0.04	CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242	ND	71.0	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1248	ND	0.51	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1254	ND	0.27	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1260	ND	840.0	0.09	CREG

CONTAMINANT	Range of Detection (µg/L)	COMPARISON VALUE
CONTAMINANT	Range of Detection (µg/L)	µg/L	Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum	16.0 - 5,940	None	None
Antimony	11.0 - 50.7	4	RMEG
Arsenic	1.0 - 50.9	0.02	CREG
Barium	2.2 - 56.5	700	RMEG
Beryllium	1.0 - 2.6	0.008	CREG
Boron	20.2 - 1,940	100	EMEG*
Cadmium	<1.0 - <3.0	7	EMEG
Chromium (Total)	3.3 - 21.5	50	RMEG+
Cobalt	3.2 - 218	None	None
Copper	1.0 - 21.0	None	None
Lead	0.7 - 58.9	None	None
Manganese	1.0 - 5,200	50	RMEG
Nickel	6.7 - 1,950	100	LTHA
Thallium	1.0 - 7.5	0.4	LTHA
Vanadium	3.3 - 30.5	30	EMEG*
Zinc	2.0 - 726	3,000	RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene	86 - 480	1	CREG
Bromodichloromethane	2.0	0.6	CREG
Chloroform	1.0 - 20	6	CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane	5.0 - 7.0	0.4	CREG
Ethylbenzene	150 - 1,000	1,000	EMEG
Methylene Chloride	3.0 - 6.0	5	CREG
Tetrachloroethylene	3.0 - 4.0	0.7	CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	51.0	0.6	CREG
Trichloroethylene	1.0 - 6.0	3	CREG
Vinyl Chloride	2.0	0.2	EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	0.7 - 7.0	3	CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine	ND	0.08	CREG
Pentachlorophenol	ND	0.3	CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene	ND	None	None
Benzo(a)pyrene	ND	0.005	CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	ND	None	None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	ND	None	None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	ND	None	None
Chrysene	ND	None	None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	ND	None	None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	ND	None	None
Naphthalene	2.3 - 190	20	LTHA
Phenanthrene	0.14 - 1.1	None
Pesticides
Aldrin	ND	0.002	CREG
Poylchlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBs	ND	0.005	CREG

CONTAMINANT	RUNON	ON-SITE	RUNOFF	COMPARISON VALUE
CONTAMINANT	Maximum Concentration (µg/L)			µg/L	Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum	38,500	80,900	4,040	None	None
Antimony	15.9	ND	ND	4	RMEG
Arsenic	25.5	24.8	4.0	0.02	CREG
Barium	252.0	773	31.2	700	RMEG
Beryllium	ND	1.9	ND	0.008	CREG
Boron	174.4	47.4	39.8	100	EMEG*
Cadmium	2.4	18.3	ND	7	EMEG
Chromium (Total)	50.4	193	8.0	50	RMEG+
Cobalt	997.0	24.1	ND	None	None
Copper	52.2	2,980	9.2	None	None
Lead	124	219	9.5	None	None
Manganese	659	865	52.6	50	RMEG
Nickel	52.6	18.4	15.3	100	LTHA
Thallium	19.5	ND	ND	0.4	LTHA
Vanadium	66.9	146	4.2	30	EMEG*
Zinc	325	3,160	40.4	3,000	RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene	NA	ND	ND	1	CREG
Bromodichloromethane	NA	ND	ND	0.6	CREG
Chloroform	NA	5.0	ND	6	CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane	NA	ND	ND	0.4	CREG
Ethylbenzene	NA	ND	ND	1,000	EMEG
Methylene Chloride	NA	8.0	ND	5	CREG
Tetrachloroethylene	NA	ND	ND	0.7	CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	NA	ND	ND	0.6	CREG
Trichloroethylene	NA	ND	ND	3	CREG
Vinyl Chloride	NA	ND	ND	0.2	EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	ND	55.0	75.0	3	CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine	ND	ND	ND	0.08	CREG
Pentachlorophenol	ND	6.0	0.7	0.3	CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene	0.90	1.5	ND	None	None
Benzo(a)pyrene	1.0	3.8	ND	0.005	CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	2.0	3.9	ND	None	None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1.0	3.7	ND	None	None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	0.9	2.1	ND	None	None
Chrysene	2.2	4.4	ND	None	None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	0.2	1.0	ND	None	None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1.4	2.0	ND	None	None
Naphthalene	0.35	ND	ND	20	LTHA
Phenanthrene	2.5	3.9	0.087	None	None
Pesticides
Aldrin	ND	ND	ND	0.002	CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBs	ND	ND	ND	0.005	CREG

CONTAMINANT	Maximum Concentration (mg/kg)	COMPARISON VALUE
CONTAMINANT	Maximum Concentration (mg/kg)	mg/kg	Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum	38,700	None	None
Antimony	33.9	20	RMEG
Arsenic	93.8	20	EMEG
Barium	2,550	4,000	RMEG
Beryllium	1.1	0.2	CREG
Boron	47.6	500	EMEG*
Cadmium	18	40	EMEG
Chromium (Total)	614	300	RMEG+
Cobalt	20	None	None
Copper	979	None	None
Lead	2,050	None	None
Manganese	814	300	RMEG
Nickel	408	None	None
Thallium	ND	None	None
Vanadium	93	200	EMEG*
Zinc	2,460	20,000	RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene	0.024	20	CREG
Bromodichloromethane	ND	10	CREG
Chloroform	0.14	500	EMEG
1,2-Dichloroethane	ND	8	CREG
Ethylbenzene	0.17	5,000	RMEG
Methylene Chloride	2.0	None	None
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	ND	10	CREG
Trichloroethylene	ND	60	CREG
Tetrachloroethylene	ND	10	CREG
Vinyl Chloride	ND	1.0	EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	160	50	CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine	ND	2	CREG
Pentachlorophenol	ND	6	CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene	32	None	None
Benzo(a)pyrene	35	0.1	CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	36	None	None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	29	None	None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	22	None	None
Chrysene	44	None	None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	5.5	None	None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	29	None	None
Naphthalene	ND	None	None
Phenanthrene	64	None	None
Total PAHs	560	None	None
Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs	200	0.1	CREG
Pesticides
Aldrin	ND	0.04	CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242	ND	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1248	ND	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1254	1.8	0.09	CREG
Aroclor 1260	4	0.09	CREG

Pathway Name	Exposure Pathway Elements					Time
Pathway Name	Source	Media	Point of Exposure	Route of Exposure	Exposed Population	Time
Completed Exposure Pathways
Surface Soils	STF	Surface Soils and Soil Dust	Dismantling Yard Railyard Airport Swamp	Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact	Recreationalists/trespassers	Past Present Future
Surface Water	STF	Surface Water	Dismantling Yard Swamp Airport	Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact	Recreationalists/trespassers	Past Present Future
Sediments	STF	Sediments	Dismantling Yard Swamp Airport	Ingestion, and Dermal Contact	Recreationalists/trespassers	Past Present Future
Potential Exposure Pathways
Groundwater	STF	On-site and Off- site Groundwater	Public and Private (Industrial and Residential) Supply Wells	Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact	Workers and Residents	Past Present Future
Surface Soils	STF	Surface Soils and Soil Dust	Amsted TIP	Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact	Recreationalists/trespassers	Past Future
Subsurface Soils	STF	Exposed Subsurface Soils and Soil Dust	Dismantling Yard Railyard Amsted Airport Swamp	Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact	On-site Workers and Recreationalists/trespassers	Future

Child

	Exposure Frequency	2 days per week 52 weeks per year
	Exposure Duration	6 years
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 6 years
	Body Weight	16 kg
	Ingestion Rate	200 mg per day
Adult

	Exposure Frequency	1 day per week 52 weeks per year
	Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
	Exposure Duration	30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 30 years
	Carcinogenic Evaluation
	Exposure Duration	30 years
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 70 years
	Body Weight	70 kg
	Ingestion Rate	100 mg per day

C	=	contaminant concentration (mg/kg)
IR	=	soil ingestion rate (mg/day)
EF	=	exposure factor (unitless)
BW	=	body weight (kg)

Child

	Exposure Frequency	2 days per week 12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
	Exposure Duration	6 years
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 6 years
	Body Weight	16 kg
	Ingestion Rate	0.05 liters per day
Adult

	Exposure Frequency	1 day per week 12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
	Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
	Exposure Duration	30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 30 years
	Carcinogenic Evaluation
	Exposure Duration	30 years
	Exposure Time	365 days per year 70 years
	Body Weight	70 kg
	Ingestion Rate	0.05 liters per day

C	=	contaminant concentration (µg/L)
IR	=	water ingestion rate (L/day)
EF	=	exposure factor (unitless)
BW	=	body weight (kg)

1.	*Comment:* Second page of the Summary, last paragraph. Reference is made to "restricting public access and maintaining site security at ..., Tacoma Industrial Properties..." In response, the TIP site is surrounded by a chain-link fence with a gate at the South Proctor Street entrance. This gate is locked after normal business hours. This is the only physical restriction planned for the TIP site. No remedial action is required for this site. In general, this paragraph is too broad, burdensome, and misleading as to the actions required of a specific property owner. *Response:* The public health assessment has been revised to indicate that the TIP sampling unit is fenced. In response to the comment concerning the vagueness of the public health assessment recommendations, ATSDR acts as an advisory agency providing recommendations for actions needed to protect public health. These recommendations are primarily directed at regulatory agencies, such as EPA. ATSDR intentionally makes recommendations so that response options are not specific, thus allowing regulatory agencies flexibility in developing risk management decisions for appropriate remedial actions in effort to satisfy CERCLIS requirements, as well as ATSDR recommendations.

2.	*Comment:* Page 5, Paragraph 7, Line 9: The building occupied by Savage Industries is on the former Griffin Wheel site, not BNR as written. Griffin Wheel is a division of Amsted Industries, owner of the property adjacent to TIP. *Response:* For clarification the sentence has been changed from "...in old BNR building..." to "...in a former wood patterns and vaults building."

3.	*Comment:* Page 22, A. Surface Soils Pathway, Last paragraph: TIP site is fenced and is no way used as a recreational park. *Response:* See response to comment 1.

4.	*Comment:* Page 48, Conclusions: "The South Tacoma Field site poses a public health hazard..." should read "[Prior to remediation,] [t]he South Tacoma Field site poses a public health hazard..." It should be made clear the remedial actions will alleviate any health threats. Otherwise, the RI/FS and cleanup are for naught. *Response:* ATSDR Public Health Assessment is an evaluation of relevant environmental data, health outcome data, and community concerns associated with current conditions of a hazardous waste site. From this evaluation, public health implications posed by the site are determined. The health assessment does not attempt to predict public health implications based on proposed remedial actions to be conducted at the site. However, should monitoring data from site remediation become available, ATSDR could assess whether remedial actions are indeed effective in protecting public health.

5.	*Comment:* Page 50, paragraph 2: Inclusion of TIP in this paragraph is erroneous per the RI/FS and ROD. Concentrations of lead and arsenic are not elevated in comparison to other sites. PCBs were not detected on the TIP site. *Response:* As stated in the Conclusions section of the health assessment, manganese is the only contaminant of health concern found in surface soils at the TIP sampling unit. In the Recommendations section, contaminants of concern and sampling units were grouped by specific recommendation. However for clarity, the layout of recommendations will be changed so that recommendations are organized by specific sampling units.

6.	*Comment:* Page 52, Action Undertaken, paragraph 2: As previously stated, the TIP site is surround by a chain-link fence. There have been some cases of trespass and vandalism, but security for the most part has been maintained. *Response:* See response to comment 1.