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1. ATSDR > Public Health Assessments & Consultations

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

FAIRCHILD AIR FORCE BASE
SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON

APPENDIX A: FIGURES

Figure 1. Fairchild Air Force Base Site Location Map

Figure 2. Fairchild Air Force Base Satellite Facilities

Figure 3. Fairchild Air Force Base Hazardous Waste Sites

Figure 4. Demographics for Fairchild Air Force Base and Surrounding Area

Figure 5. Craig Road Landfill and Surrounding Area

Figure 6. Craig Road Landfill Plume and Well Locations

Figure 7. Well Locations for Sites WW-1, FT-1 and West Thorpe Road Area Residences

APPENDIX B:

APPENDIX C: CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN

The tables below list the contaminants of concern (COCs) for each exposure pathway. The are criteria used for listing a chemical as a COC include: 1) exceedance or lack of media specific health comparison values, 2) noted community health concerns and 3) the quality and extent of sampling data. For metals, background values are also used since these elements occur naturally. If the metal does not exceed its 90th percentile background value for the Spokane Basin as determined by Ecology, then it is not a contaminant of concern. In some cases, site-derived background values are used if an Ecology value is not available. Also, any contaminant listed in one medium will by default be listed in all other media in which it is detected. In general, a contaminant is compared with a screening value to see if it is occurring at a high enough level to warrant further consideration. If the contaminant exceeds the screening value, it is evaluated under the Pathways Analysis section.

Media-specific health comparison values are contaminant concentrations in specific media (i.e., air, soil and water) used to select contaminants for further evaluation. If a contaminant exceeds these health comparison values, this does not mean that a public health concern exists but rather signifies the need to consider the chemical further which is done in the Public Health Implications section of the public health assessment. The health comparison values used in this public health assessment include environmental media evaluation guides (EMEGs), cancer risk evaluation guides (CREGs), reference dose media evaluation guides (RMEGs), maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), lifetime health advisories (LTHAs) and ambient water quality criteria (AWQCs).

EMEGs are media-specific health comparison values used to select contaminants of concern at hazardous waste sites. EMEGs are derived from the minimal risk levels (MRLs) presented in the ATSDR Toxicological Profiles. An MRL is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemical that is likely to be without a substantial risk of harmful (non-cancerous) effects over a specified duration of exposure. RMEGs are media-specific health comparison values derived from EPA's reference dose (RfD) that are used when EMEGs are not available. RfDs estimate the daily exposure to a contaminant below which adverse health effects are not anticipated. CREGs are estimated contaminant concentrations in a specific medium that are anticipated to result in one excess cancer in one million persons exposed over a lifetime. CREGs are calculated from EPA's cancer slope factors (CSFs), also known as cancer potency factors. CSFs are cancer potency estimates derived for chemicals shown to be carcinogenic in either animals or humans. MCLs are contaminant concentrations in water derived by EPA to be protective of public health (considering the availability and economics of water treatment technology) over a lifetime (70 years) at an ingestion exposure rate of 2 liters of water per day. MCLs are enforceable, regulatory values. LTHAs are non-enforceable guidelines derived for a lifetime ingestion exposure to a contaminant in drinking water. They are calculated for non-carcinogenic compounds from Drinking Water Equivalent Levels (DWELs) which in turn are based on oral RfDs. LTHAs do consider the contribution of other media to the overall exposure. Human health-based AWQCs are derived for both carcinogens and non-carcinogens based on EPA's CSFs and RfDs, respectively. Two values are derived based on either ingestion of water (2 liters/day) or ingestion of both water and organisms (2 liters/day and 6.5 grams of fish/day). AWQCs used in this public health assessment include a consideration of both pathways unless otherwise noted.

Also, included in the COC tables are EPA's weight-of-evidence cancer classification for each contaminant. This classification scheme will be revised in the near future but currently consists of six groups: 1) Group A - Known Human Carcinogen, 2) Group B1 - Probable Human Carcinogen with sufficient animal data and limited human data, 3) Group B2 - Probable Human Carcinogen with sufficient animal data and inadequate or no human data, 4) Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen, 5) Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity and 6) Group E -Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity in Humans

Completed Exposure Pathways

Pathway 1a: Craig Road Landfill --> Groundwater --> Vietzke Village Residents/Airway Heights Residents/Scafco Employees

Table C1: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway 1a: Craig Road Landfill --> Groundwater --> Vietzke Village Residents/Airway Heights Residents/Scafco Employees
	Max/MaxR (ppb)			Location (Well #)			Date
Contaminant	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Comparison Value ppb       Source
TCE	80/59	3.2/0.7	63/0.7	RW-9/ RW-11	RW -1&4	RW-7A/ RW-7A	7-89/ 6-91	2-95 /6-97	11-95/ 3-96	3	CREG
Nitrate	10,500	NA	NA	?	NA	NA	1-86	NA	NA	10,000	MCL

Max = Maximum value ever detected.
NA = Not applicable
Max R = Most recent maximum value detected.
NOTE: TCE was formerly classified as a B2 probable human carcinogen by EPA. This classification has since been withdrawn and is currently under review.

Pathway 1b: Craig Road Landfill --> Air --> Vietzke Village Residents

No ambient air monitoring data are available for any locations on or off base. Soil gas concentrations at the Craig Road Landfill were used with EPA's SCREEN air model to estimate levels of TCE, benzene, and methylene chloride at the perimeter of the base. See the Pathways Analysis section for a discussion of ambient contaminants originating from the Craig Road Landfill.

Pathway 2: Lagoons and Fire Training Area --> Groundwater --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C2: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway 2: Lagoons and Fire Training Area --> Groundwater --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Contaminant	Max/ MaxR (ppb)	Location (Well #)	Date	Comparison Value ppb       Source		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
TCE	1.5/1.1	RW-13/RW-23	2-95/6-97	3	CREG	B2	Selected as a COC based on potential for increase in residential wells.

Max = Maximum value ever detected.
Max R = Most recent maximum value detected.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn

Pathway 3: No-Name Ditch (Fairchild Easement) --> Sediment/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C3: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway : No-Name Ditch (Fairchild Easement) Sediment/Surface Water West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Contaminant	Maximuma		Comparison Value				Background		EPA Cancer Class
	Sediment (ppm)	Surface Water (ppb)	Soil (ppm)       Source		Surface Water (ppb)       Source		Soilb (ppm)	Surface Water (ppb)
Aluminum	21800	2040	NA	NA	NA	NA	21376	NA	NA
Antimony	24.9	ND	NA	NA	NA	NA	8.1	NA	NA
Arsenic	42.9	3	0.5	CREG	0.018	AWQC c	9.3	NA	A
Magnesium	13900	18000	NA	NA	100	AWQC d	3415	NA	NA
Manganese	667	305	NA	NA	100	AWQC d	664	NA	NA
Molybdenum	86	262	300	RMEG	NA	NA	2	NA	NA
TPH	860	22,000	200	MTCA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

a = Values are given for off-base ditch sampling only. On-base ditch levels may be higher.
b = 90th percentile background soil values for Spokane Basin taken (Ref. 29).
c = AWQC is for fish consumption only.
d = AWQC is based on exposure via water water and fish consumption.
NA = Not available
NOTE: Most recent sampling of No-Name Ditch in 10/95 did not detect TPH.

Pathway 4: Picloram --> Groundwater/Soil/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C4: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington> Pathway 4: Tordon --> Groundwater/Soil/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Media	Maximum Tordon Concentration (ppb)	Location	Comparison Valuea (ppb)       Source		Date
Surface Water	0.16	Fairchild Easement	NA	NA	1/5/79
Soil	15.0	Residential Garden	NA	NA	NA
Groundwater	13.2	Residential Well	500	MCL	1/3/79
Cow's Milk	ND	Residence	NA	NA	1/18/79

Pathway 5: On-Base Workers Sediment/Surface Soil Fairchild Personnel

Table C5: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway 5: On-Base Activities --> Sediment/Soil --> Base Personnel
Contaminant	Basewide Maximum (ppm)	Site	Comparison Value ppm       Source		Backgrounda	EPA Cancer Class	Comments
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	2050	SD-37	4	CREG	NA	C	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
2-Hexanone	400	SD-37	NA	NA	NA	NA	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
2-Methylnaphthalene	46.4	FT-2	NA	NA	NA	NA
Acetone	7450	SD-37	5000	RMEG	NA	D	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
Alkylbenzenes c	73	FT-2	NA	NA	NA	NA
Benzene	300	SD-37	20	CREG	NA	A	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
Butanone	3100	SD-37	NA	NA	NA	NA	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	1500	SD-37	30	CREG	NA	B2	Excavated soil from Tank 2447. Soil replaced.
TCE	581	PS-10	60	CREG	NA	B2	Soil removal action in August, 1996.
TPH	36000	PS-10	200	MTCA-A	NA	NA	Soil removal action in August, 1996.
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Aluminum	28700	SW-11	NA	NA	21376	NA	SW-11 surface soil maximum = 24,600
Antimony	42.6	IS-1	20	RMEG	8.1 b	NA
Arsenic	238	SD-38	0.5	CREG	9.3	A	Drainage basin.
Beryllium	0.89	SW-1	0.2	CREG	0.8	B2
Cadmium	372	IS-1	40	c-EMEG	0.72	B2	SW-11 surface soil = 31.1 SW-11 overall = 158
Chromium	627	IS-1	300	RMEG	17.8	A
Cobalt	38.1	WW-1	NA	NA	11	NA
Lead	1564	FT-2	250	MTCA-A	14.9	B2	SW-11 surface soil = 1,340
Magnesium	11300	WW-1	NA	NA	3415	NA
Thallium	43.1	WW-1	4	RMEG	2.5 b	NA

a = 90th percentile background soil values for Spokane Basin taken (Ref. 29).
b = High normal background soil values derived from on-base samples (Ref. 4).
c = Sum of all alkybenzenes detected.
NA = Not available.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn

Potential Exposure Pathways

Pathway 1: Future Off-Base Development --> Groundwater --> Off-Site Residents

Table C6: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway 1: Future Off-Base Development --> Groundwater --> Off-Site Residents
Contaminant	Off-Base Concentration (ppb) Overall Max       MaxR		Comparison Value ppb       Source		Date Overall Max     MaxR		Location (Site/Well) Overall Max     MaxR		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
Benzene a	91	91	1	CREG	6/97	6/97	FT-1/ MW-247	FT-1/ MW-247	A
TCE	490	480	3	CREG	1/90	3/97	CRL/ MW-118	CRL/ MW-118	B2
Vinyl Chloride	2.2	2.2	0.2	c-EMEG	6/97	6/97	WW-1/ MW-241	WW-1 MW-241	A	Max of 14 ppb in FT-1 perimeter well MW-226.
cis-1,2-DCE	34	34	70	LTHA	6/97	6/97	WW-1/ MW-241	WW-1/ MW-241	C	Low levels also detected in residential wells

a = Not detected off-base. Data taken from perimeter wells.
CRL = Craig Road Landfill.
MaxR = Most recent maximum detected.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn.

Pathway 2: Future On-Base Development --> Soil/Groundwater --> Future Residents

Table C7: Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington Pathway 2: Future Base Development --> Soil/Groundwater a --> Future Residents
Contaminant	Groundwater Concentration (ppb) Overall       1996b Max       Max		Comparison Value ppb     Source		Date Overall       1996 Max       Max		Site Location Overall       1996 Max       Max		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
1,1-DCE	3	1.2	0.06	CREG	1991	6/96	FT-1	WW-1	C
Benzene	2600	290	1	CREG	1991	12/96	PS-2	FT-1	A
cis-1,2-DCE	830	620	70	LTHA	1993-94	3/96	PS-10	WW-1	D
Ethylbenzene	1200	430	700	LTHA	1991	9/96	PS-2	PS-2	D
trans-1,2-DCE	<100	110	100	LTHA	NA	3/96	NA	WW-1	NA
TCE	2800	250	3	CREG	4/91	3/96	CRL	WW-1	B2	No data located for CRL in 1996.
TPH	110,000	5200	1000	MTCA	1991-92	3/96	PS-1	PS-1	NA
PCE	2	ND	0.7	CREG	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	C
Naphthalene	170	ND	20	LTHA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	D
p-Isopropytoluene	35	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
n-Propylbenzene	78	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene	130	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene	620	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator 1012
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene	380	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1-methylnaphtthalene	52	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
2-methylnaphthalene	41	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
Isopropylbenzene	40	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator 1012
Dimethyl phthalate	34	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	PS-7	D	NA
Benzyl alcohol	30	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	NA
sec-Butylbenzene	26	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator 1012
1,1-DCA	8	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	FT-2	NA	C
1,2-DCA	36.2	ND	NA	NA	11/86	NA	FT-1	NA	B2
Chloromethane	5.6	5.6	3	LTHA	9/96	9/96	WW-1	WW-1	C
Chloroform	7.5	ND	6	CREG	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	B2
Bromodichloromethane	1.8	ND	0.6	CREG	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	B2
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	30	ND	3	CREG	1991	NA	IS-1	NA	C
Hexachlorobutadiene	24	ND	0.4	CREG	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	C
Vinyl chloride	96	96	0.2	c-EMEG	3/96	3/96	WW-1	WW-1	A	FT-1 max at 92 ppb in 3/96.
Xylenes	5000	2734	2000	i-EMEG	1991	12/96	PS-2	FT-01	D
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES c										Background d (ppb)
Aluminum	335000	NA	NA	NA	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	6.5
Antimony	1400	NA	4	RMEG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.38
Arsenic	760	NA	0.02	CREG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	A	0.003
Barium	3100	NA	700	RMEG	2/91	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	0.88
Beryllium	200	NA	0.008	CREG	4/91	NA	FT-1	NA	B2	0.002
Cadmium	160	NA	7	cEMEG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	B2	NA
Chromium	800	NA	100	LTHA	2/91	NA	WW-1	NA	A	0.028
Cobalt	330	NA	NA	NA	2/91	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.047
Lead	2900	NA	15	Action Level	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	B2	0.009
Magnesium	140000	NA	NA	NA	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	NA
Manganese	19000	NA	50	RMEG	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	1.5
Molybdenum	4700	NA	40	LTHA	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.26
Nickel	380	NA	100	LTHA	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.067
Thallium	3.3	NA	0.4	LTHA	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	0.15
Vanadium	830	NA	30	iEMEG	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.030

a = The COCs for soil are equivalent to those given in Table 4 for on-base workers exposed to on-base soil (Pathway ).
b = No inorganic analysis is available since 1991.
c = Unfiltered samples.
d = Background values (upper 95% confidence limit) derived from unfiltered on-base well samples located away from known source areas (Ref 4).
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn.

Pathway 3: Base Supply Well #2 --> Groundwater --> Base Personnel
There are no COCs for this pathway. Base Supply Well #2 is discussed under the Pathways Analysis section as potential exposure pathway 3.

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