Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to site content

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

COMMENCEMENT BAY, SOUTH TACOMA FIELD
(a/k/a COMMENCEMENT BAY, SOUTH TACOMA CHANNEL)
TACOMA, PIERCE COUNTY, WASHINGTON

APPENDICES

A. Maps for South Tacoma Field Site

B. Contaminants of Concern Tables

C. Exposure Assumptions

D. Response to Public Comments

APPENDIX - A
Maps for South Tacoma Field Site

Figure 1
Figure 1. Site Location Map for South Tacoma Field Superfund Site

Figure 2
Figure 2. Sampling Unit Designations and Businesses Map

Figure 3
Figure 3. Upgradient and On-Site Monitoring Well Locations Map

APPENDIX - B
Contaminants of Concern Tables

Table 1.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Surface Soils, Phase I and II
CONTAMINANTSWAMPAIRPORTDISMANTLING YARDRAILYARDTIP AMSTEDCOMPARISON VALUE
Range of Detection (mg/kg) mg/kgSource
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum1,560 -24,0008,770 - 26,6001,350 -104,0003,550 - 28,4008,260 - 62,3008,910 -27,500NoneNone
Antimony2.1 - 23.24.7 - 24.42.1 - 46.62.1 - 4912.1 - 582.5 - 1,150 20RMEG
Arsenic0.70 - 54.42.9 - 50.12.5 - 6961.8 - 3950.24 - 52.326.1 - 389 20EMEG
Barium33.5 - 97446.1 - 56510.8 - 2,6009.9 - 2,29055.1 - 85052.3 - 6754,000RMEG
Beryllium0.11 - 10.10 - 0.980.09 - 14.40.1 - 2.70.11 - 2.90.13 - 2.20.2 CREG
Boron0.75 - 442.0 - 26.20.85 - 1,3000.85 - 2292.0 - 5.50.85 - 2.4500 EMEG*
Cadmium0.11 - 12.10.21 - 4.00.21 - 29.90.11 - 22.60.21 - 2.00.12 - 13.440EMEG
Chromium (Total)14.3 - 50110.2 - 94.12.9 - 7072.9 - 28212.7 - 10721.0 - 130300RMEG+
Cobalt1.4 - 21.15.2 - 17.72.4 - 1350.7 - 37.47.0 - 19.05.5 - 20.7None None
Copper7.2 - 28711.2 - 4187.2 - 11,20011.7 - 13,00014.7 - 33442.2 -163,000NoneNone
Lead4.7 - 1,5106.8 - 1,16018.1 - 24,00011.2 - 27,1006.6 - 1,82016.4 -118,000NoneNone
Manganese 74.6 - 6,090180 - 763 42.2 - 5,85022.7 - 2,270293 - 27,000202 - 21,800300RMEG
Nickel6 - 47216.5 - 70.92.8 - 1737.6 - 12113.3 - 41.520.8 - 865NoneNone
Thallium0.11 - 3.00.1 - 0.320.06 - 6.70.10 - 1.20.11 - 0.250.12 - 5.9NoneNone
Vanadium2.5 - 32125.6 - 1540.34 - 17013.5 - 17028.8 - 10619.4 - 105200EMEG*
Zinc13.4 - 781 30.2 - 97235.3 - 24,20025.8 - 7,53043.6 - 242 49.5 - 61,60020,000RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
BenzeneNDND0.008 - 0.012NDNDND20CREG
BromodichloromethaneNDNDNDNDNDND10CREG
ChloroformNDND0.012 - 0.036NDNDND100CREG
1,2-DichloroethaneNDNDNDNDNDND8CREG
EthylbenzeneNDNDNDNDNDND5,000RMEG
Methylene Chloride0.031 - 0.4800.110 - 0.9300.150 - 0.900.073 - 1.400.3100.140 - 0.16090CREG
TetrachloroethyleneNDND0.0050.003NDND10CREG
1,1,2-TrichloroethaneNDNDNDNDNDND10CREG
TrichloroethyleneNDND0.009NDNDND60CREG
Vinyl ChlorideNDNDNDNDNDND1EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate0.120 - 0.580.044 - 0.4300.048 - 1.30.05 - 4.20.032ND50 CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine NDNDND0.043 - 9.7NDND2CREG
PentachlorophenolNDNDND0.078 - 0.096NDND6CREG
Poylnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene 0.01 - 4.10.019 - 2.60.01 - 9.40.02 - 4.30.044 - 1.50.01 - 1.7NoneNone
Benzo(a)pyrene0.009 - 8.90.032 - 0.010.01 - 6.30.02 - 3.80.032 - 2.20.01 - 2.10.1CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene0.01 - 6 0.02 - 3.1 0.01 - 6.50.014 - 6.80.061 - 2.90.01 - 2.2NoneNone
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene0.022 - 7.60.016 - 1.80.014 - 7.40.02 - 3.21.8 - 1.90.02 - 1.5NoneNone
Benzo(k)fluoranthene0.007 - 3.90.015 - 1.50.01 - 3.4 0.013 - 3.6 0.022 - 1.10.01 - 1.2NoneNone
Chrysene0.01 - 4.6 0.013 - 2.6 0.011 - 9.90.014 - 4.1 0.065 - 1.9 0.01 - 2.2None None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene0.08610.02 - 0.870.02 - 0.16ND0.01 - 0.25NoneNone
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene0.01 - 6.70.012 - 20.01 - 5.80.01 - 2.90.038 - 1.70.01 - 1.3NoneNone
Naphthalene0.13 - 0.210.440.01 - 2.90.11 - 4.8NDNDNoneNone
Phenanthrene0.12 - 1.70.012 - 2.10.01 - 150.012 - 6.10.048 - 10.02 - 4.5NoneNone
Total PAHs0.28 - 46.70.28 - 25.00.28 - 105.30.018 - 70.40.28 - 37.00.38 - 30.30.1CREG
Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs0.04 - 34.20.04 - 12.60 - 38.50.04 - 24.50.04 - 10.60.06 - 10.20.1CREG
Pesticides
Aldrin NDNDND0.012NDND0.04CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242NDNDNDNDNDND0.09CREG
Aroclor 1248NDNDNDNDNDND0.09CREG
Aroclor 1254NDND0.2 - 9.00.17 - 56NDND0.09CREG
Aroclor 1260NDND 0.35 - 0.441.0NDND0.09CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    References - 25, 26

Table 2.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Subsurface Soils, Phase I
CONTAMINANTPIONEER BUILDERSTACOMA PUBLIC UTILITIESCOMPARISON VALUE
Maximum Detection (mg/kg) mg/kgSource
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum10,30020,800NoneNone
AntimonyND15.6 20RMEG
Arsenic1.8133 20EMEG
Barium57.71254,000RMEG
Beryllium0.520.420.2 CREG
BoronNDND500 EMEG*
CadiumND2.440EMEG
Chromium (Total)19.32,300300RMEG+
Cobalt8.010.2NoneNone
Copper16.4856NoneNone
Lead1.2838NoneNone
Manganese 275836 300RMEG
Nickel25.548.8NoneNone
ThalliumND1.24NoneNone
Vanadium29.844.5200EMEG*
Zinc28.0542 20,000RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
BenzeneND0.9520CREG
Bromodichloromethane NDND10CREG
ChloroformNDND100CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane NDND8CREG
Ethylbenzene0.055ND5,000RMEG
Methylene Chloride1.00.1190CREG
TetrachloroethyleneND0.01710CREG
1,1,2-TrichloroethaneNDND10CREG
TrichloroethyleneND0.3160CREG
Vinyl ChlorideNDND1EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate0.893.750CREG
3,3-DichlorobenzidineND22.02CREG
Pentachlorophenol ND150.06CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene 0.05630.0NoneNone
Benzo(a)pyrene0.03116.00.1CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene0.08522.0 NoneNone
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.0438.0NoneNone
Benzo(k)fluoranthene0.04314.0NoneNone
Chrysene0.251.0NoneNone
Dibenzo(a,h)anthraceneND1.7NoneNone
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene0.0586.2NoneNone
Phenanthrene0.076150.0NoneNone
Pesticides
Aldrin ND2.00.04CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242ND71.00.09CREG
Aroclor 1248ND0.510.09CREG
Aroclor 1254ND0.270.09CREG
Aroclor 1260ND840.00.09CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    NA Not Analyzed for.
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    References - 25, 26


Table 3.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Subsurface Soils, Phase II
CONTAMINANTSWAMPAIRPORTDISMANTLING YARDRAILYARDTIPAMSTEDCOMPARISON VALUE
Maximum Detection (mg/kg) mg/kgSource
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum18,00017,60024,10032,40027,100178,000NoneNone
AntimonyND1327676290877 20RMEG
Arsenic67.619.657.736012695.6 20EMEG
Barium NANANANANANA4,000RMEG
BerylliumND0.580.682.41.79.40.2 CREG
BoronNANANANANANA 500 EMEG*
CadmiumND0.8011.74.01.510.340EMEG
Chromium (Total)5238980.4143153896300RMEG+
Cobalt37.419.120.119.353.3290NoneNone
Copper42838388127,30045524,400NoneNone
Lead1,1101,9709,89017,0002,36031,200NoneNone
Manganese 2,8805221,5201,76015,60013,800300RMEG
Nickel472 437 17311475.9582NoneNone
Thallium NANANANANANANoneNone
Vanadium13451.259.8189109529200EMEG*
Zinc1,5801,7309,76095851713,20020,000RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene5.0NDND3.0ND21.020CREG
BromodichloromethaneNDNDNDNDNDND10CREG
ChloroformNDNDNDNDNDND100CREG
1,2-DichloroethaneNDNDNDNDNDND8CREG
Ethylbenzene9.0NDNDNDND0.015,000RMEG
Methylene Chloride48.054.0ND48.013.0ND90CREG
Tetrachloroethylene14.0ND81.0NDNDND10CREG
1,1,2-TrichloroethaneNDNDNDNDNDND10CREG
TrichloroethyleneNDNDNDNDNDND10CREG
Vinyl ChlorideNDNDNDNDNDND1EMEG
Semi-Volatiles Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate1.80.162.02.20.369.650CREG
3,3-DichlorobenzidineNDNDND0.33NDND2CREG
Pentachlorophenol NDNDNDNDNDND6CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Total Probable CarcinogenicPAHs18.017.18.38.030.5353.70.1CREG
Pesticides
AldrinNDNDND0.037NDND0.04CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBsNDND0.4440.0NDND0.09CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    NA Not Analyzed for.
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    References - 25, 26


Table 4.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Groundwater
CONTAMINANTRange of Detection (µg/L)COMPARISON VALUE
µg/LSource
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum16.0 - 5,940NoneNone
Antimony11.0 - 50.74RMEG
Arsenic1.0 - 50.90.02CREG
Barium2.2 - 56.5700RMEG
Beryllium1.0 - 2.60.008 CREG
Boron20.2 - 1,940100 EMEG*
Cadmium<1.0 - <3.07EMEG
Chromium (Total)3.3 - 21.550RMEG+
Cobalt3.2 - 218NoneNone
Copper1.0 - 21.0NoneNone
Lead0.7 - 58.9NoneNone
Manganese 1.0 - 5,20050RMEG
Nickel6.7 - 1,950100LTHA
Thallium1.0 - 7.50.4LTHA
Vanadium3.3 - 30.530EMEG*
Zinc2.0 - 7263,000RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene86 - 4801CREG
Bromodichloromethane2.00.6CREG
Chloroform1.0 - 206CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane5.0 - 7.0 0.4 CREG
Ethylbenzene150 - 1,0001,000EMEG
Methylene Chloride3.0 - 6.05CREG
Tetrachloroethylene3.0 - 4.00.7CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane51.00.6CREG
Trichloroethylene1.0 - 6.03 CREG
Vinyl Chloride2.00.2EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate0.7 - 7.03CREG
3,3-DichlorobenzidineND0.08CREG
PentachlorophenolND0.3CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene NDNoneNone
Benzo(a)pyrene ND0.005CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene NDNoneNone
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene NDNoneNone
Benzo(k)fluoranthene NDNoneNone
Chrysene NDNoneNone
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene NDNoneNone
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene NDNoneNone
Naphthalene2.3 - 19020LTHA
Phenanthrene 0.14 - 1.1None
Pesticides
AldrinND0.002CREG
Poylchlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBsND0.005CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    LTHA Life Time Health Advisory
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    References - 25, 26


Table 5.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Surface Water
CONTAMINANT RUNON ON-SITE RUNOFF COMPARISON VALUE
Maximum Concentration (µg/L) µg/L Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum 38,500 80,900 4,040 None None
Antimony 15.9 ND ND 4 RMEG
Arsenic 25.5 24.8 4.0 0.02 CREG
Barium 252.0 773 31.2 700 RMEG
Beryllium ND 1.9 ND 0.008 CREG
Boron 174.4 47.4 39.8 100 EMEG*
Cadmium 2.4 18.3 ND 7 EMEG
Chromium (Total) 50.4 193 8.0 50 RMEG+
Cobalt 997.0 24.1 ND None None
Copper 52.2 2,980 9.2 None None
Lead 124 219 9.5 None None
Manganese 659 865 52.6 50 RMEG
Nickel 52.6 18.4 15.3 100 LTHA
Thallium 19.5 ND ND 0.4 LTHA
Vanadium 66.9 146 4.2 30 EMEG*
Zinc 325 3,160 40.4 3,000 RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene NA ND ND 1 CREG
Bromodichloromethane NA ND ND 0.6 CREG
Chloroform NA 5.0 ND 6 CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane NA ND ND 0.4 CREG
Ethylbenzene NA ND ND 1,000 EMEG
Methylene Chloride NA 8.0 ND 5 CREG
Tetrachloroethylene NA ND ND 0.7 CREG
1,1,2-Trichloroethane NA ND ND 0.6 CREG
Trichloroethylene NA ND ND 3 CREG
Vinyl Chloride NA ND ND 0.2 EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ND 55.0 75.0 3 CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND ND ND 0.08 CREG
Pentachlorophenol ND 6.0 0.7 0.3 CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene 0.90 1.5 ND None None
Benzo(a)pyrene 1.0 3.8 ND 0.005 CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 2.0 3.9 ND None None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1.0 3.7 ND None None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.9 2.1 ND None None
Chrysene 2.2 4.4 ND None None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.2 1.0 ND None None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 1.4 2.0 ND None None
Naphthalene 0.35 ND ND 20 LTHA
Phenanthrene 2.5 3.9 0.087 None None
Pesticides
Aldrin ND ND ND 0.002 CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBs ND ND ND 0.005 CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    NA Not Analyzed
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    LTHA Life Time Health Advisory
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    References - 25, 26


Table 6.

Contaminants of Concern in On-Site Sediments
CONTAMINANT Maximum Concentration
(mg/kg)		 COMPARISON VALUE
mg/kg Source
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum 38,700 None None
Antimony 33.9 20 RMEG
Arsenic 93.8 20 EMEG
Barium 2,550 4,000 RMEG
Beryllium 1.1 0.2 CREG
Boron 47.6 500 EMEG*
Cadmium 18 40 EMEG
Chromium (Total) 614 300 RMEG+
Cobalt 20 None None
Copper 979 None None
Lead 2,050 None None
Manganese 814 300 RMEG
Nickel 408 None None
Thallium ND None None
Vanadium 93 200 EMEG*
Zinc 2,460 20,000 RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
Benzene 0.024 20 CREG
Bromodichloromethane ND 10 CREG
Chloroform 0.14 500 EMEG
1,2-Dichloroethane ND 8 CREG
Ethylbenzene 0.17 5,000 RMEG
Methylene Chloride 2.0 None None
1,1,2-Trichloroethane ND 10 CREG
Trichloroethylene ND 60 CREG
Tetrachloroethylene ND 10 CREG
Vinyl Chloride ND 1.0 EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 160 50 CREG
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ND 2 CREG
Pentachlorophenol ND 6 CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene 32 None None
Benzo(a)pyrene 35 0.1 CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 36 None None
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 29 None None
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 22 None None
Chrysene 44 None None
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 5.5 None None
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 29 None None
Naphthalene ND None None
Phenanthrene 64 None None
Total PAHs 560 None None
Total Probable Carcinogenic PAHs 200 0.1 CREG
Pesticides
Aldrin ND 0.04 CREG
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
Aroclor 1242 ND 0.09 CREG
Aroclor 1248 ND 0.09 CREG
Aroclor 1254 1.8 0.09 CREG
Aroclor 1260 4 0.09 CREG
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    NA Not Analyzed
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    LTHA Life Time Health Advisory
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    References - 25, 26


Table 7.

Contaminants of Concern in Off-Site Groundwater Upgradient and Background Wells
CONTAMINANTRange of Detection (µg/L)COMPARISON VALUE
µg/LSource
Inorganic Compounds
Aluminum<16.0 - 28,800NoneNone
Antimony<11.0 - 24.24RMEG
Arsenic<1.0 - 16.70.02CREG
Barium<20.0 - 282700RMEG
Beryllium<1.00.008 CREG
Boron<19.0 - 184100 EMEG*
Cadmium<1.0 - <4.67EMEG
Chromium (Total)<5.0 - 48.550RMEG+
Cobalt<3.0 - 46.2NoneNone
Copper<1.0 - 112NoneNone
Lead<1.0 - 42.0NoneNone
Manganese <1.0 - 3,16050RMEG
Nickel <8.0 - 152100LTHA
Thallium<1.0 - 3.00.4LTHA
Vanadium<4.0 - 78.030EMEG*
Zinc<2.0 - 4293,000RMEG
Volatile Organic Compounds
BenzeneND1CREG
BromodichloromethaneND0.6CREG
ChloroformND6CREG
1,2-Dichloroethane12.0 - 13.00.4CREG
1,1-Dichloroethylene3.0 - 28.0 0.6 CREG
EthylbenzeneND1,000EMEG
Methylene ChlorideND5CREG
Tetrachloroethylene 1.00.7CREG
1,1,2-TrichloroethaneND0.6CREG
Trichloroethylene 7.03 CREG
Vinyl Chloride 2.00.2EMEG
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate5.0 - 20.03CREG
3,3-DichlorobenzidineND0.08CREG
PentachlorophenolND0.3CREG
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds
Benzo(a)anthracene NDNoneNone
Benzo(a)pyrene ND0.005CREG
Benzo(b)fluoranthene NDNoneNone
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene NDNoneNone
Benzo(k)fluoranthene NDNoneNone
Chrysene NDNoneNone
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene NDNoneNone
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneNDNoneNone
Naphthalene0.1220LTHA
Phenanthrene NDNone
Pesticides
AldrinND0.002CREG
Poylchlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
PCBsND0.005CREG
    Upgradient wells are TL-12A, TL-13A, TL-14A, TL-23A, and CBS-10A.
    Background wells are CBS-5A, CBS-9A, WWC-2, TL-16, and 89.7-P1.
    Child EMEG and RMEG values used.
    LTHA Life Time Health Advisory
    * Intermediate EMEG
    + RMEG for Chromium VI
    NA Not Analyzed for.
    ND Not Detected at laboratory detection levels.
    References - 26


Table 8.

Completed and Potential Exposure Pathways
Pathway NameExposure Pathway Elements Time
Source MediaPoint of ExposureRoute of ExposureExposed Population
Completed Exposure Pathways
Surface Soils STF Surface Soils and Soil DustDismantling Yard Railyard
Airport
Swamp		Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal ContactRecreationalists/trespassersPast
Present
Future
Surface Water STF Surface WaterDismantling Yard
Swamp
Airport		Ingestion,Inhalation, andDermal ContactRecreationalists/trespassersPast
Present
Future
Sediments STF SedimentsDismantling Yard
Swamp
Airport		Ingestion, andDermal Contact Recreationalists/trespassers Past
Present
Future
Potential Exposure Pathways
Groundwater STF On-site andOff- siteGroundwater Public andPrivate(Industrial andResidential)Supply Wells Ingestion,Inhalation, andDermal Contact Workers and ResidentsPast
Present
Future
Surface Soils STF Surface Soils
and Soil Dust		Amsted
TIP		Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal ContactRecreationalists/trespassersPast
Future
Subsurface Soils STF Exposed SubsurfaceSoils andSoil Dust Dismantling Yard
Railyard
Amsted
Airport
Swamp		Ingestion,Inhalation, andDermal Contact On-site Workers andRecreationalists/trespassers Future

APPENDIX - C
Exposure Assumptions

Surface Soil and Sediment Exposure Assumptions
Child

Exposure Frequency 2 days per week
52 weeks per year
Exposure Duration 6 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
6 years
Body Weight 16 kg
Ingestion Rate 200 mg per day
Adult

Exposure Frequency 1 day per week
52 weeks per year
Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
Exposure Time 365 days per year
30 years
Carcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
70 years
Body Weight 70 kg
Ingestion Rate 100 mg per day

Exposure Factor (EF) = exposure frequency x exposure duration ÷ exposure time

C = contaminant concentration (mg/kg)
IR = soil ingestion rate (mg/day)
EF = exposure factor (unitless)
BW = body weight (kg)

A conversion factor of 10-6 kg/mg is required to convert the soil contaminant concentration (C)from mg/kg to mg/mg soil.

Surface Water Exposure Assumptions

Child

Exposure Frequency 2 days per week
12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
Exposure Duration 6 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
6 years
Body Weight 16 kg
Ingestion Rate 0.05 liters per day
Adult

Exposure Frequency 1 day per week
12 weeks per year (3 months of summer)
Noncarcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years (6 years as child and 24 years as adult)
Exposure Time 365 days per year
30 years
Carcinogenic Evaluation
Exposure Duration 30 years
Exposure Time 365 days per year
70 years
Body Weight 70 kg
Ingestion Rate 0.05 liters per day

Based on EPA recommended intake value for intensive water activities, (e.g., swimming),accidental ingestion of surface water during water activities is assumed to be 50 ml per hour forboth children and adults, assuming that water activity occurs 1 hour per visit.

Exposure Factor (EF) = exposure frequency x exposure duration ÷ exposure time

C = contaminant concentration (µg/L)
IR = water ingestion rate (L/day)
EF = exposure factor (unitless)
BW = body weight (kg)

A conversion factor of 10-3 mg/µg is required to convert the water contaminant concentration (C) from µg/L to mg/L water.

Equations for Surface Soil and Sediment Ingestion

Noncarcinogenic Evaluation

Child Estimated Daily Exposure Dose = (C x IR x EF X 10-6)/BW

Adult Estimated Daily Exposure Dose =

C x 10-6 x [{(child IR x child exposure frequency x child exposure duration)/(child BW x 365 days/year)} + {(adult IR x adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration )/30 years}/(adult BW x 365 days/year)]

Equations for Surface Water Ingestion

Noncarcinogenic Evaluation

Child Estimated Daily Exposure Dose = (C x IR x EF X 10-3)/BW

Adult Estimated Daily Exposure Dose =

C x 10-3 x [{(child IR x child exposure frequency x child exposure duration)/(child BW x 365 days/year)} + {(adult IR x adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration )/30 years}/(adult BW x 365 days/year)]

Carcinogenic Evaluation

Cancer Risk = Estimated Daily Exposure Dose x Cancer Slope Factor

Exposure Factor used in the estimated daily exposure dose for the cancer risk equation is:

EF = adult exposure frequency x adult exposure duration (30 years) ÷ adult exposure time (365days per year x 70 years)

APPENDIX - D

Response to Public Comments

The South Tacoma Field Public Health Assessment was made available for public review andcomment from April 17, 1995, through July 7, 1995. During the public comment period, writtencomments were submitted from one party, Tacoma Industrial Properties. The followingresponses address the comments specific to Tacoma Industrial Properties and pertinent to thepublic health assessment.

1. Comment: Second page of the Summary, last paragraph. Reference is made to "restrictingpublic access and maintaining site security at ..., Tacoma Industrial Properties..." In response, theTIP site is surrounded by a chain-link fence with a gate at the South Proctor Street entrance. Thisgate is locked after normal business hours. This is the only physical restriction planned for theTIP site. No remedial action is required for this site. In general, this paragraph is too broad,burdensome, and misleading as to the actions required of a specific property owner.

Response: The public health assessment has been revised to indicate that the TIP sampling unitis fenced. In response to the comment concerning the vagueness of the public health assessmentrecommendations, ATSDR acts as an advisory agency providing recommendations for actionsneeded to protect public health. These recommendations are primarily directed at regulatoryagencies, such as EPA. ATSDR intentionally makes recommendations so that response optionsare not specific, thus allowing regulatory agencies flexibility in developing risk managementdecisions for appropriate remedial actions in effort to satisfy CERCLIS requirements, as well asATSDR recommendations.


2. Comment: Page 5, Paragraph 7, Line 9: The building occupied by Savage Industries is on theformer Griffin Wheel site, not BNR as written. Griffin Wheel is a division of Amsted Industries,owner of the property adjacent to TIP.

Response: For clarification the sentence has been changed from "...in old BNR building..." to"...in a former wood patterns and vaults building."


3. Comment: Page 22, A. Surface Soils Pathway, Last paragraph: TIP site is fenced and is noway used as a recreational park.

Response: See response to comment 1.


4. Comment: Page 48, Conclusions: "The South Tacoma Field site poses a public healthhazard..." should read "[Prior to remediation,] [t]he South Tacoma Field site poses a publichealth hazard..." It should be made clear the remedial actions will alleviate any health threats. Otherwise, the RI/FS and cleanup are for naught.

Response: ATSDR Public Health Assessment is an evaluation of relevant environmental data,health outcome data, and community concerns associated with current conditions of a hazardouswaste site. From this evaluation, public health implications posed by the site are determined. The health assessment does not attempt to predict public health implications based on proposedremedial actions to be conducted at the site. However, should monitoring data from siteremediation become available, ATSDR could assess whether remedial actions are indeedeffective in protecting public health.


5. Comment: Page 50, paragraph 2: Inclusion of TIP in this paragraph is erroneous per the RI/FSand ROD. Concentrations of lead and arsenic are not elevated in comparison to other sites. PCBs were not detected on the TIP site.

Response: As stated in the Conclusions section of the health assessment, manganese is the onlycontaminant of health concern found in surface soils at the TIP sampling unit. In theRecommendations section, contaminants of concern and sampling units were grouped by specificrecommendation. However for clarity, the layout of recommendations will be changed so thatrecommendations are organized by specific sampling units.


6. Comment: Page 52, Action Undertaken, paragraph 2: As previously stated, the TIP site issurround by a chain-link fence. There have been some cases of trespass and vandalism, butsecurity for the most part has been maintained.

Response: See response to comment 1.



Table of Contents

  
 
USA.gov: The U.S. Government's Official Web PortalDepartment of Health and Human Services
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348

A-Z Index

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
  8. H
  9. I
  10. J
  11. K
  12. L
  13. M
  14. N
  15. O
  16. P
  17. Q
  18. R
  19. S
  20. T
  21. U
  22. V
  23. W
  24. X
  25. Y
  26. Z
  27. #