PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

FAIRCHILD AIR FORCE BASE
SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON

APPENDIX A: FIGURES

Figure 1. Fairchild Air Force Base Site Location Map

Figure 2. Fairchild Air Force Base Satellite Facilities

Figure 3. Fairchild Air Force Base Hazardous Waste Sites

Figure 4. Demographics for Fairchild Air Force Base and Surrounding Area

Figure 5. Craig Road Landfill and Surrounding Area

Figure 6. Craig Road Landfill Plume and Well Locations

Figure 7. Well Locations for Sites WW-1, FT-1 and West Thorpe Road Area Residences

APPENDIX B:

Table B1.

Hazardous Waste Sites at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

SITE	DESCRIPTION	DATE OF OPERATION	ACTIONS TAKEN/DATE
SW-1	Landfill	1949-1957/1958	LTM/12-93
SW-8	Craig Road Landfill	1957/1958-late 1970s	Geotextile liner/? Pump-and-treat /9-95 LTM/12-93
WW-1	Industrial Wastewater Lagoons	Circa 1942-present	Pump-and-treat /2-96 LTM/12-93
FT-01	Fire Training Area	1970-1991	Soil bioventing/6-97 Groundwater air sparging/6-97
IS-1	French Drain System	1978-1992	LTM/12-93
PS-1	POL Bulk Storage Area	1951-present	LTM/12-93 Soil bioventing/5-97
PS-3	Pumphouse	1951-present	NFA
PS-4/PS-9	Aircraft Crash Sites	PS-4: Dates Unknown PS-9: Crashed in 1987	NFA
PS-5	Former Fuel Oil Storage TankArea	Unknown-1985	LTM/12-93
PS-7	Underground Fuel Oil StorageTanks	Unknown-1988	LTM/12-93
SW-6	Radioactive Waste Disposal Area	Early 1950s-not presently used	NFA
SW-10	Disposal Area	Unknown	NFA
SW-11	Aircraft Salvage andReclamation Area	Early 1940s-Early 1980s(Not used as a salvageyard since 50s or 60s)	Soil cover seeded withgrass/3-92
SW-12	Disposal Area	Unknown	NFA
SW-13	EOD Range	Unknown-1989	NFA
IS-3	Building has been used formany purposes includingEngine Test Cell and Storageof PCB materials	1942-present (buildinghas been pickled and is nolonger in operation)	Institutional controls/1-96
IS-4	Jet Engine Test Cell	1953-1988	Soil LTM/12-93 Institutional controls/1-96
PS-2	Refueling Pit Area (OU-1)	Circa 1942-present	LTO Groundwater/12-93 LTM/12-93
SW-2	Waste Disposal Area	Early 1940s-late 1940s	NFA
SW-3	Waste Disposal Area	Operated in mid-1960s	NFA
SW-4	Coal Storage Area	1940s	NFA
SW-5	Incinerator	1940s-1960s	NFA
SW-7	Asphalt Disposal Area	1958-late 50s/early 60s	NFA
SW-9	Radioactive Waste Disposal Area	Unknown	NFA
PS-8	Fuel Line Area	Circa 1942-present	LTM/12-93
PS-6	Defueling Tank Area	Circa 1942-present	NFA
WW-2	Wastewater Treatment Plant	Early 1960s-present	NFA
IS-2	Civil Engineer Storage Facility	Decontamination materialsremoved in 1979	NFA
PS-10	Discharge Ditch from FuelTruck Maintenance;historically a liquid oxygenand nitrogen facility andcorrosion control and paintshop building	1959-present (nodischarge into ditch since1987)	Soil removal/8-96 LTM/?
FT-2	Former Fire Training Area	Unknown	Soil LTM/1-96 Institutional controls/1-96
AOC-1	Vehicle maintenance facility	1942-present	NFA
AOC-2	Propulsion shop at Building 2163	1953-present	NFA
SS-33 (AOC#3)	Waste storage area at Building1419	Circa 1960-present	Soil removal/7-97
SD-34 (AOC#4)	Waste fuel operations at Buildings1012 and 1037	Early 1960's-present	Soil removal/7-97
ST-35 (AOC#5)	Fuel transfer facility at Building2165	1942-present	Sol removal/7-97
WP-36 (AOC#6)	Holding lagoon and Imhoff tank	1952-present	Soil LTM/3-97 Institutional controls/3-97
SD-37 (AOC#7)	Basewide oil/water separators	Unknown-present	Upgraded w/ soilremoval/1995
SD-38 (AOC#8)	Basewide ditches piping andculverts discharging to thelagoons	Circa 1950-present	Soil removal/6-97
SS-39	Orphan TCE plume (Basewide)	Unknown	Interim removal action/9-97

APPENDIX C: CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN

The tables below list the contaminants of concern (COCs) for each exposure pathway. The arecriteria used for listing a chemical as a COC include: 1) exceedance or lack of media specifichealth comparison values, 2) noted community health concerns and 3) the quality and extent ofsampling data. For metals, background values are also used since these elements occurnaturally. If the metal does not exceed its 90th percentile background value for the SpokaneBasin as determined by Ecology, then it is not a contaminant of concern. In some cases, site-derived background values are used if an Ecology value is not available. Also, any contaminantlisted in one medium will by default be listed in all other media in which it is detected. Ingeneral, a contaminant is compared with a screening value to see if it is occurring at a highenough level to warrant further consideration. If the contaminant exceeds the screening value, itis evaluated under the Pathways Analysis section.

Media-specific health comparison values are contaminant concentrations in specific media (i.e.,air, soil and water) used to select contaminants for further evaluation. If a contaminant exceedsthese health comparison values, this does not mean that a public health concern exists but rathersignifies the need to consider the chemical further which is done in the Public Health Implicationssection of the public health assessment. The health comparison values used in this public healthassessment include environmental media evaluation guides (EMEGs), cancer risk evaluationguides (CREGs), reference dose media evaluation guides (RMEGs), maximum contaminantlevels (MCLs), lifetime health advisories (LTHAs) and ambient water quality criteria (AWQCs).

EMEGs are media-specific health comparison values used to select contaminants of concern athazardous waste sites. EMEGs are derived from the minimal risk levels (MRLs) presented in theATSDR Toxicological Profiles. An MRL is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemicalthat is likely to be without a substantial risk of harmful (non-cancerous) effects over a specifiedduration of exposure. RMEGs are media-specific health comparison values derived from EPA'sreference dose (RfD) that are used when EMEGs are not available. RfDs estimate the dailyexposure to a contaminant below which adverse health effects are not anticipated. CREGs areestimated contaminant concentrations in a specific medium that are anticipated to result in oneexcess cancer in one million persons exposed over a lifetime. CREGs are calculated from EPA'scancer slope factors (CSFs), also known as cancer potency factors. CSFs are cancer potencyestimates derived for chemicals shown to be carcinogenic in either animals or humans. MCLs arecontaminant concentrations in water derived by EPA to be protective of public health(considering the availability and economics of water treatment technology) over a lifetime (70years) at an ingestion exposure rate of 2 liters of water per day. MCLs are enforceable,regulatory values. LTHAs are non-enforceable guidelines derived for a lifetime ingestionexposure to a contaminant in drinking water. They are calculated for non-carcinogeniccompounds from Drinking Water Equivalent Levels (DWELs) which in turn are based on oralRfDs. LTHAs do consider the contribution of other media to the overall exposure. Humanhealth-based AWQCs are derived for both carcinogens and non-carcinogens based on EPA'sCSFs and RfDs, respectively. Two values are derived based on either ingestion of water (2liters/day) or ingestion of both water and organisms (2 liters/day and 6.5 grams of fish/day). AWQCs used in this public health assessment include a consideration of both pathways unlessotherwise noted.

Also, included in the COC tables are EPA's weight-of-evidence cancer classification for eachcontaminant. This classification scheme will be revised in the near future but currently consistsof six groups: 1) Group A - Known Human Carcinogen, 2) Group B1 - Probable HumanCarcinogen with sufficient animal data and limited human data, 3) Group B2 - Probable HumanCarcinogen with sufficient animal data and inadequate or no human data, 4) Group C - PossibleHuman Carcinogen, 5) Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity and 6) Group E-Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity in Humans

Completed Exposure Pathways

Pathway 1a: Craig Road Landfill --> Groundwater --> Vietzke Village Residents/Airway Heights Residents/Scafco Employees

Table C1.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 1a: Craig Road Landfill --> Groundwater --> Vietzke Village Residents/Airway Heights Residents/Scafco Employees
	Max/MaxR (ppb)			Location (Well #)			Date
Contaminant	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Vietzke Village	Airway Heights	Scafco	Comparison Value ppb Source
TCE	80/59	3.2/0.7	63/0.7	RW-9/ RW-11	RW -1&4	RW-7A/ RW-7A	7-89/ 6-91	2-95 /6-97	11-95/ 3-96	3	CREG
Nitrate	10,500	NA	NA	?	NA	NA	1-86	NA	NA	10,000	MCL

Max = Maximum value ever detected.
NA = Not applicable
Max R = Most recent maximum value detected.
NOTE: TCE was formerly classified as a B2 probable human carcinogen by EPA. This classification has sincebeen withdrawn and is currently under review.

Pathway 1b: Craig Road Landfill --> Air --> Vietzke Village Residents

No ambient air monitoring data are available for any locations on or off base. Soil gasconcentrations at the Craig Road Landfill were used with EPA's SCREEN air model to estimatelevels of TCE, benzene, and methylene chloride at the perimeter of the base. See the PathwaysAnalysis section for a discussion of ambient contaminants originating from the Craig Road Landfill.

Pathway 2: Lagoons and Fire Training Area --> Groundwater --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C2.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 2: Lagoons and Fire Training Area --> Groundwater --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Contaminant	Max/ MaxR (ppb)	Location (Well #)	Date	Comparison Value ppb Source		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
TCE	1.5/1.1	RW-13/RW-23	2-95/6-97	3	CREG	B2	Selected as a COCbased on potential forincrease in residentialwells.

Max = Maximum value ever detected.
Max R = Most recent maximum value detected.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn

Pathway 3: No-Name Ditch (Fairchild Easement) --> Sediment/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C3.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway : No-Name Ditch (Fairchild Easement) Sediment/Surface Water West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Contaminant	Maximuma		Comparison Value				Background		EPA Cancer Class
	Sediment (ppm)	SurfaceWater (ppb)	Soil (ppm) Source		Surface Water (ppb) Source		Soilb (ppm)	Surface Water (ppb)
Aluminum	21800	2040	NA	NA	NA	NA	21376	NA	NA
Antimony	24.9	ND	NA	NA	NA	NA	8.1	NA	NA
Arsenic	42.9	3	0.5	CREG	0.018	AWQC c	9.3	NA	A
Magnesium	13900	18000	NA	NA	100	AWQC d	3415	NA	NA
Manganese	667	305	NA	NA	100	AWQC d	664	NA	NA
Molybdenum	86	262	300	RMEG	NA	NA	2	NA	NA
TPH	860	22,000	200	MTCA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

a = Values are given for off-base ditch sampling only. On-base ditch levels may be higher.
b = 90th percentile background soil values for Spokane Basin taken (Ref. 29).
c = AWQC is for fish consumption only.
d = AWQC is based on exposure via water water and fish consumption.
NA = Not available
NOTE: Most recent sampling of No-Name Ditch in 10/95 did not detect TPH.

Pathway 4: Picloram --> Groundwater/Soil/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents

Table C4.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 4: Tordon --> Groundwater/Soil/Surface Water --> West Thorpe Road Area Residents
Media	Maximum Tordon Concentration (ppb)	Location	Comparison Valuea (ppb) Source		Date
Surface Water	0.16	Fairchild Easement	NA	NA	1/5/79
Soil	15.0	Residential Garden	NA	NA	NA
Groundwater	13.2	Residential Well	500	MCL	1/3/79
Cow's Milk	ND	Residence	NA	NA	1/18/79

Pathway 5: On-Base Workers Sediment/Surface Soil Fairchild Personnel

Table C5.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 5: On-Base Activities --> Sediment/Soil --> Base Personnel
Contaminant	Basewide Maximum (ppm)	Site	Comparison Value ppm Source		Backgrounda	EPA Cancer Class	Comments
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	2050	SD-37	4	CREG	NA	C	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
2-Hexanone	400	SD-37	NA	NA	NA	NA	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
2-Methylnaphthalene	46.4	FT-2	NA	NA	NA	NA
Acetone	7450	SD-37	5000	RMEG	NA	D	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
Alkylbenzenes c	73	FT-2	NA	NA	NA	NA
Benzene	300	SD-37	20	CREG	NA	A	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
Butanone	3100	SD-37	NA	NA	NA	NA	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	1500	SD-37	30	CREG	NA	B2	Excavated soil from Tank2447. Soil replaced.
TCE	581	PS-10	60	CREG	NA	B2	Soil removal action inAugust, 1996.
TPH	36000	PS-10	200	MTCA-A	NA	NA	Soil removal action inAugust, 1996.
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Aluminum	28700	SW-11	NA	NA	21376	NA	SW-11 surface soilmaximum = 24,600
Antimony	42.6	IS-1	20	RMEG	8.1 b	NA
Arsenic	238	SD-38	0.5	CREG	9.3	A	Drainage basin.
Beryllium	0.89	SW-1	0.2	CREG	0.8	B2
Cadmium	372	IS-1	40	c-EMEG	0.72	B2	SW-11 surface soil = 31.1SW-11 overall = 158
Chromium	627	IS-1	300	RMEG	17.8	A
Cobalt	38.1	WW-1	NA	NA	11	NA
Lead	1564	FT-2	250	MTCA-A	14.9	B2	SW-11 surface soil = 1,340
Magnesium	11300	WW-1	NA	NA	3415	NA
Thallium	43.1	WW-1	4	RMEG	2.5 b	NA

a = 90th percentile background soil values for Spokane Basin taken (Ref. 29).
b = High normal background soil values derived from on-base samples (Ref. 4).
c = Sum of all alkybenzenes detected.
NA = Not available.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn

Potential Exposure Pathways

Pathway 1: Future Off-Base Development --> Groundwater --> Off-Site Residents

Table C6.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 1: Future Off-Base Development --> Groundwater --> Off-Site Residents
Contaminant	Off-Base Concentration (ppb) Overall Max MaxR		Comparison Value ppb Source		Date Overall Max MaxR		Location (Site/Well) Overall Max MaxR		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
Benzene a	91	91	1	CREG	6/97	6/97	FT-1/ MW-247	FT-1/ MW-247	A
TCE	490	480	3	CREG	1/90	3/97	CRL/ MW-118	CRL/ MW-118	B2
Vinyl Chloride	2.2	2.2	0.2	c-EMEG	6/97	6/97	WW-1/ MW-241	WW-1 MW-241	A	Max of 14 ppb inFT-1 perimeterwell MW-226.
cis-1,2-DCE	34	34	70	LTHA	6/97	6/97	WW-1/ MW-241	WW-1/ MW-241	C	Low levels alsodetected inresidential wells

a = Not detected off-base. Data taken from perimeter wells.
CRL = Craig Road Landfill.
MaxR = Most recent maximum detected.
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn.

Pathway 2: Future On-Base Development --> Soil/Groundwater --> Future Residents

Table C7.

Contaminants of Concern for Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington

Pathway 2: Future Base Development --> Soil/Groundwater a --> Future Residents
Contaminant	Groundwater Concentration (ppb) Overall 1996b Max Max		Comparison Value ppb Source		Date Overall 1996 Max Max		Site Location Overall 1996 Max Max		EPA Cancer Class	Comments
1,1-DCE	3	1.2	0.06	CREG	1991	6/96	FT-1	WW-1	C
Benzene	2600	290	1	CREG	1991	12/96	PS-2	FT-1	A
cis-1,2-DCE	830	620	70	LTHA	1993-94	3/96	PS-10	WW-1	D
Ethylbenzene	1200	430	700	LTHA	1991	9/96	PS-2	PS-2	D
trans-1,2-DCE	<100	110	100	LTHA	NA	3/96	NA	WW-1	NA
TCE	2800	250	3	CREG	4/91	3/96	CRL	WW-1	B2	No data located forCRL in 1996.
TPH	110,000	5200	1000	MTCA	1991-92	3/96	PS-1	PS-1	NA
PCE	2	ND	0.7	CREG	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	C
Naphthalene	170	ND	20	LTHA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	D
p-Isopropytoluene	35	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
n-Propylbenzene	78	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene	130	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene	620	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator1012
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene	380	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
1-methylnaphtthalene	52	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
2-methylnaphthalene	41	ND	NA	NA	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	NA
Isopropylbenzene	40	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator1012
Dimethyl phthalate	34	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	PS-7	D	NA
Benzyl alcohol	30	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	NA
sec-Butylbenzene	26	ND	NA	NA	1995	NA	SD-37	NA	NA	Oil/water separator1012
1,1-DCA	8	ND	NA	NA	1993-94	NA	FT-2	NA	C
1,2-DCA	36.2	ND	NA	NA	11/86	NA	FT-1	NA	B2
Chloromethane	5.6	5.6	3	LTHA	9/96	9/96	WW-1	WW-1	C
Chloroform	7.5	ND	6	CREG	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	B2
Bromodichloromethane	1.8	ND	0.6	CREG	1993-94	NA	PS-7	NA	B2
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	30	ND	3	CREG	1991	NA	IS-1	NA	C
Hexachlorobutadiene	24	ND	0.4	CREG	1991-92	NA	PS-1	NA	C
Vinyl chloride	96	96	0.2	c-EMEG	3/96	3/96	WW-1	WW-1	A	FT-1 max at 92ppb in 3/96.
Xylenes	5000	2734	2000	i-EMEG	1991	12/96	PS-2	FT-01	D
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES c										Background d (ppb)
Aluminum	335000	NA	NA	NA	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	6.5
Antimony	1400	NA	4	RMEG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.38
Arsenic	760	NA	0.02	CREG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	A	0.003
Barium	3100	NA	700	RMEG	2/91	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	0.88
Beryllium	200	NA	0.008	CREG	4/91	NA	FT-1	NA	B2	0.002
Cadmium	160	NA	7	cEMEG	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	B2	NA
Chromium	800	NA	100	LTHA	2/91	NA	WW-1	NA	A	0.028
Cobalt	330	NA	NA	NA	2/91	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.047
Lead	2900	NA	15	ActionLevel	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	B2	0.009
Magnesium	140000	NA	NA	NA	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	NA
Manganese	19000	NA	50	RMEG	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	1.5
Molybdenum	4700	NA	40	LTHA	7/89	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.26
Nickel	380	NA	100	LTHA	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.067
Thallium	3.3	NA	0.4	LTHA	1991	NA	FT-1	NA	NA	0.15
Vanadium	830	NA	30	iEMEG	1991	NA	WW-1	NA	NA	0.030

a = The COCs for soil are equivalent to those given in Table 4 for on-base workers exposed to on-base soil (Pathway ).
b = No inorganic analysis is available since 1991.
c = Unfiltered samples.
d = Background values (upper 95% confidence limit) derived from unfiltered on-base well samples located away from known source areas (Ref 4).
Bold indicates that EPA cancer classification has been withdrawn.

Pathway 3: Base Supply Well #2 --> Groundwater --> Base Personnel
There are no COCs for this pathway. Base Supply Well #2 is discussed under the Pathways Analysis section as potential exposure pathway 3.

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