PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
ALBION-SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP, CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN
FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2. Current Approximate Property Boundaries (from Reference 1, Figure 2).
Figure 1. Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill
Figure 2. Current Approximate Property Boundaries
TABLES
Table 1. Population of governmental units near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site (1990 Census).
Table 2. Contaminants of concern at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 3. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from on-sitemonitoring wells at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill, 1980-1981.
Table 4. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from on-sitemonitoring wells at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill, from the remedialinvestigation, December 1992 - March 1993.
Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from the residential well onthe Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in leachate from the Albion-SheridanTownship Landfill.
Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil collected within thefence on the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil collected from the areaaround the residence on the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 9. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sludge (1980) and drum contents(1989) from the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
Table 10. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in landfill wastes from the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 11. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from off-sitemonitoring wells near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
Table 12. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells near theAlbion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
Table 13. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil samples collected nearthe Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water from the KalamazooRiver near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
Table 15. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water from wetlandsadjoining the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
Table 16. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from theKalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 17. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment collected from wetlandsadjoining the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
Table 18. Number of observed1 and expected2 cases of invasive cancer among residents ofZIP Code 49224, by year of diagnosis, 1985-1991.
Table 2. Contaminants of concern at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| METALS AND INORGANIC CHEMICALS | POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS |
| Aluminum Ammonia Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Cyanide Iron Lead Magnesium Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Sodium Vanadium Zinc Benzene | Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 2-Methylnaphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC p-Chloro-m-cresol PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED Heptachlor |
Table 3. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from on-sitemonitoring wells at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill, 1980-1981.
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) | ||
| north | southeast | south | |||
| Ammonia | 1980 | 10 | 10,000 | 240 | 3,000Ei |
| 1981 | 70 | 38,000 | 230 | ||
| Calcium | 1980 | 72,000 | 180,000 | 94,000 | NA |
| 1981 | 50,000 | 150,000 | 110,000 | ||
| Chromium (total) | 1980 | ND (50) | ND (50) | ND (50) | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| 1981 | ND (50) | 55 | 55 | ||
| Copper | 1980 | ND (20) | 30 | ND (20) | 1,300MG |
| 1981 | 75 | 130 | 110 | ||
| Iron | 1980 | 14,000 | 49,000 | 2,600 | NA |
| 1981 | 12,000 | 49,000 | 1,000 | ||
| Lead | 1980 | 70 | ND (50) | ND (50) | 15PL, carcinogen |
| 1981 | 220 | 200 | 400 | ||
| Magnesium | 1980 | 19,000 | 47,000 | 31,000 | NA |
| 1981 | 16,000 | 55,000 | 55,000 | ||
| Potassium | 1981 | 1,400 | 120,000 | 2,800 | NA |
| Sodium | 1980 | 6,600 | 99,000 | 45,000 | NA |
| 1981 | 2,000 | 130,000 | 220,000 | ||
| Zinc | 1980 | ND (50) | 23,000 | 110 | 3,000R |
| 1981 | 11,000 | 12,000 | 14,000 | ||
Reference: 18
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
MG -- EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
PL -- EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 4. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from on-sitemonitoring wells at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill, from the remedialinvestigation, December 1992 - March 1993.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppb) | |
| upgradient | downgradient | ||||
| Ammonia | 12/92 | NU | 203,000.J | 3 | 3,000Ei |
| 3/93 | ND (100) | 28,000.J | 1 | ||
| Arsenic | 12/92 | ND (2.2) | 46.1 | 3 | 0.02C |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 27.2J | 1 | ||
| Barium | 12/92 | 86.1J | 462 | 3 | 700R |
| 3/93 | 92.9 | 468 | 1 | ||
| Calcium | 12/92 | 113,000 | 174,000 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 135,000 | 172,000 | 1 | ||
| Chloroethane | 12/92 | ND (10) | ND (10) | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 0.9J | 1 | ||
| Cobalt | 12/92 | ND (12.2) | 6.7J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (9) | 9.4J | 1 | ||
| Copper | 12/92 | ND (7.8) | ND (7.8) | 3 | 1,300MG |
| 3/93 | ND (7) | 7.J | 1 | ||
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane | 3/93 | ND (1) | 8 | 1 | carcinogen |
| Di-n-octyl phthalate | 12/92 | 2.J | ND (10) | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 0.9J | 5.J | 1 | ||
| Heptachlor | 12/92 | 0.0096JP | ND (0.05) | 3 | 0.008C |
| 3/93 | ND (0.01) | ND (0.01) | 1 | ||
| Iron | 12/92 | 664 | 5,890 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 1,220.J | 4,490.J | 1 | ||
| Lead | 12/92 | ND (1.1) | ND (10) | 3 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | 4.7 | ND (1) | 1 | ||
| Magnesium | 12/92 | 29,400 | 48,000 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 34,600 | 51,100 | 1 | ||
| Manganese | 12/92 | 360.J | 888 | 3 | 50R |
| 3/93 | 302 | 790 | 1 | ||
| Nickel | 12/92 | ND (32.2) | 26.1J | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (18) | 27.4J | 1 | ||
| Potassium | 12/92 | 9,150 | 56,900 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 14,200.J | 57,000.J | 1 | ||
| Sodium | 12/92 | 84,300 | 753,000 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 105,000 | 125,000 | 1 | ||
| Zinc | 12/92 | ND (10) | ND (15.8) | 3 | 3,000R |
| 3/93 | ND (10) | 66.9 | 1 | ||
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
upgradient -- north and east of the landfill
downgradient -- south and west of the landfill
J -- Estimated Value
P -- The two columns used in the Pesticide/PCB analysis had more than a 25% difference in the results reported. The lower value is reported.
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen ( EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
A -- EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG -- EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
PL -- EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from the residential well onthe Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Reference | Comparison Value (ppb) |
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 47.1J | 3 | NA |
| Ammonia | 10/92 | 28 | 3 | 30,000Ei |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 1.1J | 3 | 0.02C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 30.9 | 3 | 700R |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 82,900 | 3 | NA |
| Iron | 10/92 | 92.2J | 3 | NA |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 24,000 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 63 | 3 | 50R |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 17,600 | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 34.1JN | 3 | 3,000R |
Chemicals that were not detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J, JN -- Estimated Value
NA -- None Available
Comparison Value Bases
- Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide, for 10-6 risk on lifetime exposure
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of water per day
Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in leachate from the Albion-SheridanTownship Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppb) |
| Ammonia | 12/92 | 473,000.J | 3 | 3,000Ei |
| 3/93 | 450,000.J | 1 | ||
| Arsenic | 12/92 | 21.4J | 3 | 0.02C |
| 3/93 | 12.6J | 1 | ||
| Barium | 12/92 | 126.J | 3 | 700R |
| 3/93 | 202 | 1 | ||
| Benzene | 12/92 | 6.J | 3 | 1C |
| 3/93 | 7.J | 1 | ||
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 12/92 | 11.J | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (50) | 1 | ||
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 12/92 | 14.J | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (50) | 1 | ||
| Calcium | 12/92 | 67,200.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 77,100 | 1 | ||
| Chloroethane | 12/92 | ND (10) | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 5.J | 1 | ||
| Chromium (total) | 12/92 | 41.4J | 3 | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| 3/93 | 61.7 | 1 | ||
| Cobalt | 12/92 | 21.7J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 23.9J | 1 | ||
| 1,1-Dichloroethane | 12/92 | ND (10) | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | 1.J | 1 | ||
| Heptachlor epoxide | 12/92 | 0.015JP | 3 | 0.004C |
| 3/93 | 0.12JP | 1 | ||
| 2-Hexanone | 12/92 | 150 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| Iron | 12/92 | 5,600.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 11,300.J | 1 | ||
| Lead | 12/92 | 3.3J | 3 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | NU | 1 | ||
| Lindane | 12/92 | 0.032J | 3 | 3R, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (0.05) | 1 | ||
| Magnesium | 12/92 | 183,000.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 235,000 | 1 | ||
| Manganese | 12/92 | 59.7J | 3 | 50R |
| 3/93 | 86 | 1 | ||
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | 12/92 | 32.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 19.J | 1 | ||
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | 12/92 | 19 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (10) | 1 | ||
| 4-Methylphenol | 12/92 | 400 | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | 11.J | 1 | ||
| Naphthalene | 12/92 | 38.J | 3 | 20A |
| 3/93 | 15.J | 1 | ||
| Nickel | 12/92 | 185.J | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | 279 | 1 | ||
| Potassium | 12/92 | 450,000.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 566,000.J | 1 | ||
| Sodium | 12/92 | 1,600,000.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 1,800,000 | 1 | ||
| Vanadium | 12/92 | 16.4JB | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 20.9B | 1 | ||
| Vinyl chloride | 12/92 | 14 | 3 | 2E, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (10) | 1 |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
P -- The two columns used in the Pesticide/PCB analysis had more than a 25% difference in the results reported. The lower value is reported.
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NU -- Unusable Data
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
A -- EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
PL -- EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil collected within thefence on the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 4,710 | 3 | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 52.2 | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 220 | 3 | 100R |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 10/92 | 0.35J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.046J | 3 | 0.1C |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.06J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(ghi)perylene | 10/92 | 0.059J | 3 | NA |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.04J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cadmium | 10/92 | 3 | 3 | 1E, carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 57,300 | 3 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 63.3 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Chrysene | 10/92 | 0.075J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cobalt | 10/92 | 4.J | 3 | NA |
| Copper | 10/92 | 73.9 | 3 | NA |
| Cyanide | 10/92 | 1 | 3 | 40R |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.17J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Iron | 10/92 | 14,600 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 160 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 12,300 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 832.J | 3 | 300R |
| Nickel | 10/92 | 39.4 | 3 | carcinogen |
| PCBs | 10/92 | 0.091 | 3 | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| Phenanthrene | 10/92 | 0.049J | 3 | NA |
| Potassium | 10/92 | 1,390 | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 485.J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 10/92 | 13 | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 278 | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil collected from the areaaround the residence on the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 3,940 | 3 | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 11.1 | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 23.4J | 3 | 100R |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 10/92 | 0.041J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.043J | 3 | 0.1C |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.11J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(ghi)perylene | 10/92 | 0.037J | 3 | NA |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.12J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 34,300 | 3 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 9.5 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Chrysene | 10/92 | 0.057J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cobalt | 10/92 | 3.5J | 3 | NA |
| Copper | 10/92 | 12.5 | 3 | NA |
| Di-n-octyl phthalate | 10/92 | 16.B | 3 | NA |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.04J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Iron | 10/92 | 11,600 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 16.9 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 9,200 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 277.J | 3 | 300R |
| Nickel | 10/92 | 11.5 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Phenanthrene | 10/92 | 0.026J | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 158.J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 10/92 | 11.1 | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 43.5J | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 9. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sludge (1980) and drum contents(1989) from the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| Cadmium | 1980 | 10 | 18 | 1E, carcinogen |
| Chromium (total) | 1980 | 250,000 | 18 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Cyanide | 1980 | 2,100 | 18 | 40R |
| Iron | 1980 | 45,000 | 18 | NA |
| Lead | 1980 | 280 | 18 | carcinogen |
| Nickel | 1980 | 1,000 | 18 | carcinogen |
| Zinc | 1980 | 150,000 | 18 | 600R |
| Ethylbenzene | 1989 | 0.0312 | 5 | 200R |
| Tetrachloroethylene | 1989 | 0.006 | 5 | 10C |
| Toluene | 1989 | 0.017 | 5 | 400R |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 1989 | 0.0175 | 5 | NA |
| Xylenes (total) | 1989 | 0.319 | 5 | 400Ei |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide
Table 10. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in landfill wastes from the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| Aluminum | 12/92 | 2,960 | 3 | NA |
| Antimony | 12/92 | 523 | 3 | 0.8R |
| Arsenic | 12/92 | 13.1 | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 12/92 | 74.8 | 3 | 100R |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 12/92 | 0.10J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 12/92 | 0.086J | 3 | 0.1C |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 12/92 | 0.17J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cadmium | 12/92 | 4 | 3 | 1E, carcinogen |
| p-Chloro-m-cresol | 12/92 | 4.1 | 3 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 12/92 | 13.5 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Chrysene | 12/92 | 0.11J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cobalt | 12/92 | 3.2J | 3 | NA |
| Copper | 12/92 | 35.1 | 3 | NA |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 12/92 | 0.21J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Iron | 12/92 | 15,200 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 12/92 | 208 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 12/92 | 11,500 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 12/92 | 366.J | 3 | 300R |
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | 12/92 | 0.15J | 3 | NA |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | 12/92 | 0.012 | 3 | NA |
| 4-Methylphenol | 12/92 | 15 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 12/92 | 1.4J | 3 | NA |
| Nickel | 12/92 | 12.8 | 3 | carcinogen |
| PCBs | 12/92 | 0.21 | 3 | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| Phenanthrene | 12/92 | 0.26J | 3 | NA |
| Potassium | 12/92 | 516.J | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 12/92 | 768.J | 3 | NA |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 12/92 | 0.003J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 12/92 | 9.1J | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 12/92 | 139 | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 11. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from off-sitemonitoring wells near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppb) | |
| upgradient | downgradient | ||||
| Aluminum | 12/92 | 442 | ND (46.7) | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (51.6) | 2,530 | 1 | ||
| Ammonia | 12/92 | NU | 6,340.J | 3 | 3,000Ei |
| 3/93 | ND (100) | 27,000 | 1 | ||
| Antimony | 12/92 | ND (66.7) | 71.4 | 3 | 4R |
| 3/93 | ND (25) | ND (53) | 1 | ||
| Arsenic | 12/92 | ND (2.2) | 85.1 | 3 | 0.02C |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 126.J | 1 | ||
| Barium | 12/92 | 79.1J | 291 | 3 | 700R |
| 3/93 | 88.8 | 380 | 1 | ||
| Cadmium | 12/92 | ND (5.6) | ND (3.3) | 3 | 7E, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (4) | 0.15J | 1 | ||
| Calcium | 12/92 | 104,000 | 143,000 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 120,000 | 131,000 | 1 | ||
| Chromium (total) | 12/92 | ND (10) | 5.9J | 3 | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| 3/93 | ND (6) | 6.5J | 1 | ||
| Cobalt | 12/92 | ND (12.2) | 8.2J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | ND (5) | 16 | 1 | ||
| Copper | 12/92 | 10.4J | 5.6J | 3 | 1,300MG |
| 3/93 | ND (13.8) | 8.8J | 1 | ||
| 1,1-Dichloroethane | 12/92 | ND (10) | ND (10) | 3 | carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 0.2J | 1 | ||
| Di-n-octyl phthalate | 12/92 | 8.J | ND (10) | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 2.J | ND (5) | 1 | ||
| Iron | 12/92 | 637 | 2,550 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 835 | 3,420 | 1 | ||
| Lead | 12/92 | 1.7J | 2.6J | 3 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 4.7 | 1 | ||
| Magnesium | 12/92 | 28,300 | 41,000 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 31,100 | 41,900 | 1 | ||
| Manganese | 12/92 | 345.J | 443 | 3 | 50R |
| 3/93 | 363 | 411 | 1 | ||
| Potassium | 12/92 | 48,700 | 32,200.J | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 65,300.J | 38,600.J | 1 | ||
| Sodium | 12/92 | 58,800 | 84,100 | 3 | NA |
| 3/93 | 64,900 | 102,000 | 1 | ||
| Vinyl chloride | 12/92 | ND (10) | ND (10) | 3 | 2E, carcinogen |
| 3/93 | ND (1) | 2 | 1 | ||
| Zinc | 12/92 | ND (10) | 6.7J | 3 | 3,000R |
| 3/93 | ND (23.5) | 19.4J | 1 | ||
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
upgradient -- north and east of the landfill
downgradient -- south and west of the landfill
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NU -- Unusable Data
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
A -- EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG -- EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
PL -- EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 12. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Reference | Comparison Value (ppb) | |
| upgradient | downgradient | ||||
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 82.1 | 46.J | 3 | NA |
| Ammonia | 10/92 | 38 | 1,200 | 3 | 3,000Ei |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 1.4J | 1.7J | 3 | 0.02C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 118 | 77 | 3 | 100R |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 118,000 | 93,200 | 3 | NA |
| Heptachlor | 10/92 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 3 | 0.008C |
| Iron | 10/92 | 1,530 | 2,230 | 3 | NA |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 32,200 | 28,200 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 185 | 104 | 3 | 50R |
| Potassium | 10/92 | 6,140 | 2730 | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 43,700 | 188,000 | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 103.J | 71.7J | 3 | 3,000R |
Chemicals that were not detected are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
upgradient -- north and east of the landfill
downgradient -- south and west of the landfill
B -- Also found in blank sample
J -- Estimated Value
NA -- None Available
Comparison Value Bases
- Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide, Intermediate-term exposure
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide, for 10-6 risk on lifetime exposure
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram childdrinking 1 liter per day of water per day
Table 13. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface soil samples collected near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 17,700 | 3 | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 8.2 | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 212 | 3 | 100R |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 10/92 | 0.19J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.21J | 3 | 0.1C |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.25J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(ghi)perylene | 10/92 | 0.21J | 3 | NA |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.19J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 21.4 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Chrysene | 10/92 | 0.25J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Cobalt | 10/92 | 5.4J | 3 | NA |
| Copper | 10/92 | 26.8 | 3 | NA |
| Cyanide | 10/92 | 1 | 3 | 40R |
| Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | 10/92 | 0.055J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 10/92 | 0.24J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Iron | 10/92 | 13,400 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 78.3 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 9,200 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 1,540.J | 3 | 300R |
| Nickel | 10/92 | 15.7 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Phenanthrene | 10/92 | 0.075J | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 305.J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 10/92 | 29.8 | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 96.J | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water from the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) | |||
| upstream | downstream | |||||
| unfiltered | filtered | unfiltered | filtered | |||
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 38.9J | ND (42) | 40.5J | ND (42) | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | ND (2) | 1.1J | ND (2) | ND (2) | 0.02C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 26 | 29.5 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 700R |
| Cadmium | 10/92 | ND (0.1) | 0.55 | ND (0.1) | 0.13J | 7E, carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 79,400 | 76,000.J | 75,600 | 78,200 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | ND (9) | ND (10) | ND (9) | 32.1 | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Iron | 10/92 | 109.J | 116 | 88.2 | 86.3 | NA |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 24,500 | 25,200.J | 23,300 | 24,600.J | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 9.8J | 16.7J | 10.6 | 9.6J | 50R |
| Potassium | 10/92 | 1,650.J | ND (1,370) | 1,510 | 621.J | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 7,640 | 7,990 | 7,740 | 8,170 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 7.2J | ND (9) | ND (5) | 32.5 | 3,000R |
Reference: 3
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
A -- EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
PM -- EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
Table 15. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water from wetlandsadjoining the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) | |||
| upstream | downstream | |||||
| unfiltered | filtered | unfiltered | filtered | |||
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 8,980.J | ND (42) | 1,120.J | ND (42) | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 67.5 | 5.9 | 2.2J | 1.2J | 0.02C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 307 | 54.9 | 66.4 | 59.5 | 700R |
| Cadmium | 10/92 | 1.9J | ND (0.1) | 0.29J | ND (0.1) | 7E, carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 215,000 | 97,300.J | 130,000 | 87,100.J | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 23 | ND (10) | 9.2J | ND (10) | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Cobalt | 10/92 | 11.2 | ND (10) | ND (10) | ND (10) | NA |
| Copper | 10/92 | 28.4 | ND (8) | ND (6) | ND (8) | 1,300MG |
| Iron | 10/92 | 124,000.J | 1,420 | 4,640.J | 88.4J | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 12.6 | ND (1) | 11.6 | ND (1) | 15PL, carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 26,300 | 27,600.J | 25,200 | 25,100.J | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 2,790 | 805.J | 525 | 290.J | 50R |
| Potassium | 10/92 | 1,940.J | 2,420 | 2,200 | 3,370 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 8,730 | 9,560 | 17,600 | 18,100 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 219 | ND (9) | 26.9 | ND (9) | 3,000R |
Reference: 3
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
A -- EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG -- EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child drinking 1 liter per day of waterper day
PL -- EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
Table 16. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) | |
| upstream | downstream | ||||
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 2,710 | 2,270 | 3 | NA |
| Antimony | 10/92 | 18.6 | 15.J | 3 | 0.8R |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 44.4 | 4.5J | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 30.1J | 22.1J | 3 | 100R |
| Cadmium | 10/92 | ND (2) | 38.5J | 3 | 1E, carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 46,900.J | 58,600 | 3 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 12.3 | 48 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Cobalt | 10/92 | 9.5J | 2.9J | 3 | NA |
| Copper | 10/92 | 10.5 | 14.7 | 3 | NA |
| Cyanide | 10/92 | ND (1) | 1 | 3 | 40R |
| Iron | 10/92 | 15,000 | 6,810 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 14,100.J | 15,400 | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 239.J | 604.J | 3 | 300R |
| Mercury | 10/92 | 0.07J | 0.09J | 3 | NA |
| 4-Methylphenol | 10/92 | 0.11J | ND (0.66) | 3 | carcinogen |
| Nickel | 10/92 | 19.3 | 21 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Potassium | 10/92 | ND (420) | 384.J | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 139.J | 76.9J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 10/92 | 8.4J | 7.8J | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 39.5 | 23.4 | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 17. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment collected from wetlandsadjoining the Kalamazoo River near the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site.
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Reference | Comparison Values (ppm) | |
| upstream | downstream | ||||
| Aluminum | 10/92 | 6,070 | 5,470 | 3 | NA |
| Arsenic | 10/92 | 8.4 | 12.4J | 3 | 0.4C |
| Barium | 10/92 | 93.J | 74.8J | 3 | 100R |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.19J | 0.48J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 10/92 | 0.18J | 0.33J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Calcium | 10/92 | 66,000.J | 226,000 | 3 | NA |
| Chromium (total) | 10/92 | 13 | 8.9 | 3 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| Chrysene | 10/92 | 0.15J | 0.32J | 3 | carcinogen |
| Copper | 10/92 | 19.J | 15.9J | 3 | NA |
| Iron | 10/92 | 16,000 | 34,800 | 3 | NA |
| Lead | 10/92 | 59.1 | 84.9 | 3 | carcinogen |
| Magnesium | 10/92 | 4,460.J | 4,170.J | 3 | NA |
| Manganese | 10/92 | 677.J | 1,040.J | 3 | 300R |
| Mercury | 10/92 | ND (0.2) | 0.75J | 3 | NA |
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | 10/92 | ND (1.3) | 0.16J | 3 | NA |
| Phenanthrene | 10/92 | ND (1.3) | 0.28J | 3 | NA |
| Sodium | 10/92 | 200.J | 367.J | 3 | NA |
| Vanadium | 10/92 | 14.5J | 10.J | 3 | NA |
| Zinc | 10/92 | 130 | 184 | 3 | 600R |
Chemicals that were never detected in this medium are not listed.
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
J -- Estimated Value
B -- Analyte Detected in Laboratory Blank Sample
ND -- Not Detected (with detection limit)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (EPA Class C or above) but no CREG available
(III) -- Chromium(III)
(VI) -- Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Bases
- E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion, based on 10-kilogram child subject to pica behavior
Table 18. Number of observed1 and expected2 cases of invasive cancer among residents ofZIP Code 49224, by year of diagnosis, 1985-1991.
| Year of Diagnosis | Observed Cases1 | Expected Cases2 | SMR3 |
| 1985 | 46 | 57.3 | 0.80 |
| 1986 | 58 | 62.9 | 0.92 |
| 1987 | 52 | 67.2 | 0.77 |
| 1988 | 38 | 67.0 | 0.57 |
| 1989 | 55 | 56.1 | 0.98 |
| 1990 | 45 | 56.1 | 0.80 |
| 1991 | 52 | 56.1 | 0.93 |
| 1985-91 | 346 | 422.7 | 0.82 |
Reference: 50
- Includes cases reported to the Michigan Department of Public Health, Office of the State Registrar and Center for Health Statistics, by December 31, 1992.
- Expected number of cases is based on ZIP Code population estimates and annual average age- and sex-specific incidence rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute.
- SMR = Standard Mortality Ratio. Observed number of cases divided by expected numberof cases (49).
The Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) released a draft of this Public HealthAssessment for public comment on November 22, 1995. The comment period lasted untilDecember 22, 1995. No comments from the public were received by MDPH in this period.
1. Reference numbers in parentheses refer to the list of References on pages 34-38.
2. As of October 1, 1995, the environmental protection and regulation functions of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) were transferred to the newly formed Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).
3. On April 1, 1996, the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH), Division of Health Risk Assessment (DHRA), was absorbed into the newly formed Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH). The site history and background section of this document uses the departmental identifiers in effect at the time of the events.
4. Pica behavior is an abnormal consumption of nonfood materials, such as soil, most often seen in children under 5 years of age.
5. The topsoil samples were, with one exception, primarily sand, according to the RI report (1). The other sample, collected near the west side of the site, was primarily silt, and contained the highest off-site arsenic concentration, above the range of concentrations found in silt samples from that part of the state (29).
6. EPA has issued separate RfDs for manganese for ingestion in food and ingestion in water. No adverse health effects from ingestion of manganese in food have been documented well enough to determine a LOAEL. However, epidemiological studies have shown a connection between neurological disorders and exposure to manganese through the drinking water (37, 38).
7. The estimates were computed by multiplying the national age- and sex-specific cancer incidence rates compiled by the SEER Program by the number of people in each age group living in the ZIP Code area according to U.S. Census data and estimates. These products are then summed to give the total cancer rate estimate (49).
