HEALTH CONSULTATION
GROUNDWATER - RESIDENTIAL WELLS
BENDIX CORPORATION/ALLIED AUTOMOTIVE
ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN
Table 1. Volatile Organic Chemicals found in groundwater samples
from monitoring wells 1981-1990
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) |
Reference | |||||
| Bendix site | Northeast plume | Northwest plume | ||||||
| Maximum | Median | Maximum | Median | Maximum | Median | |||
| acetone |
1/18/90 |
19 |
4.4 |
46 |
4.95 |
8.8 |
ND |
|
| acrylonitrile |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
| benzene |
1981 |
< 10 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
6 |
NR |
4 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
2 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
4 |
2 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
1 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| chloroethane |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
1 |
NR |
2 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
16 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
ND |
ND |
3 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
3.3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| chloroform |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
< 2 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| 1,1-dichloroethane |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
24 |
NR |
15 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
260 |
20.5 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
650 |
320 |
5 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
6/84 |
ND |
ND |
21 |
17.5 |
10 |
ND |
||
|
3/8/1985 |
440 |
33 |
14 |
ND |
55 |
1.1 |
||
|
4/28/87 |
193 |
20 |
6 |
ND |
66 |
ND |
||
|
9/24/87 |
460 |
28.5 |
3 |
ND |
69 |
ND |
||
|
3/21/88 |
100 |
10 |
ND |
ND |
50 |
ND |
||
|
9/27/88 |
160 |
8.5 |
100 |
ND |
4 |
ND |
||
|
1/18/90 |
78 |
11 |
3.8 |
ND |
3.5 |
ND |
||
| 1,2-dichloroethane |
1981 |
240 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
2 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
6/84 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
2/85 |
ND |
ND |
310 |
NR |
17 |
NR |
||
|
10/86 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
4/87 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
9/87 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
3/88 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
9/88 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
1990 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| 1,1-dichloroethylene |
1981 |
10 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
1 |
NR |
7 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
54 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
12 |
3.5 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
7.4 |
2.3 |
30 |
ND |
||
| cis-1,2-dichloroethylene |
1981 |
2,500 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
| trans-1,2-dichloroethylene |
1981 |
2,500 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
610 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
ND |
690 |
301.5 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
2,700 |
1,185 |
2,900 |
1,468 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
6/84 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
510 |
ND |
||
| 1,2-dichloroethylene (total) |
3/8/85 |
1,200 |
1.95 |
18,000 |
20 |
3,500 |
11 |
|
|
10/13/86 |
ND |
ND |
3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
4/28/87 |
1,548 |
4 |
4,689 |
17 |
3,177 |
46 |
||
|
9/24/87 |
1,900 |
0.5 |
4,400 |
23 |
2,900 |
24 |
||
|
3/21/88 |
2,700 |
5 |
3,800 |
32 |
3,200 |
19 |
||
|
9/27/88 |
400 |
ND |
6,100 |
15 |
5,500 |
26 |
||
|
1/18/90 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
2,600 |
1,250 |
1,600 |
5.35 |
||
| trans-1,3-dichloropropylene |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
20 |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1990 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| ethylbenzene |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
9 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
< 2 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
9 |
2 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1990 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| methylene chloride |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
42 |
37.5 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
55 |
ND |
14 |
ND |
||
| tetrachloroethylene |
1981 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
ND |
2 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
ND |
NR |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
3.3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| toluene |
1981 |
20 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
42 |
NR |
31 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
14 |
8 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
42 |
31 |
3 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1990 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
32 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
6 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
14 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1990 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1982 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
1/18/90 |
ND |
ND |
4.3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
| trichloroethylene |
1981 |
ND |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
ND |
NR |
61 |
38.5 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
120 |
50 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
150 |
11 |
130 |
71.5 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
6/84 |
28 |
ND |
1,000 |
97 |
2,000 |
1,550 |
||
|
3/8/85 |
1,200 |
ND |
1,800 |
1.3 |
5,800 |
1.7 |
||
|
10/13/86 |
72 |
1.5 |
130 |
1 |
263 |
1 |
||
|
4/28/87 |
297 |
0.5 |
603 |
ND |
2,355 |
1 |
||
|
9/24/87 |
32 |
ND |
510 |
2 |
2,500 |
1 |
||
|
3/21/88 |
50 |
ND |
570 |
5 |
7,000 |
ND |
||
|
9/27/88 |
100 |
ND |
1,000 |
ND |
2,000 |
ND |
||
|
1/18/90 |
0.8 |
ND |
650 |
505 |
430 |
ND |
||
| vinyl chloride |
1981 |
3,500 |
NR |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
1/18/82 |
3,600 |
NR |
590 |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
4/13-16/82 |
ND |
NR |
320 |
172 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
5/20/82 |
5,200 |
1,400 |
ND |
ND |
-- |
-- |
||
|
6/84 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
||
|
3/8/1985 |
4,300 |
ND |
2,000 |
ND |
9,400 |
ND |
||
|
10/13/86 |
1,370 |
ND |
1,550 |
ND |
8,440 |
ND |
||
|
4/28/87 |
1,098 |
1.5 |
1,419 |
6 |
2,297 |
19 |
||
|
9/24/87 |
1,300 |
ND |
790 |
14 |
2,100 |
20 |
||
|
3/21/88 |
240 |
ND |
1,900 |
3 |
2,400 |
15 |
||
|
9/27/88 |
400 |
1.5 |
500 |
ND |
940 |
6 |
||
|
1/18/90 |
3.8 |
2 |
480 |
420 |
440 |
ND |
||
| xylenes (total) |
1/18/90 |
0.9 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
|
ND - Not Detected (for medians, not detected in 50% or more of the samples.)
NR -Reported data not sufficient to determine medians.
-- =Not Sampled or Not Analyzed for.
Note: References 2 and 3 only list data for 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride for samples collected between 1984 and 1988. Only the 1981 data gives separate concentrations for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
Table 2. Volatile Organic Chemicals found in sludge and soil samples 1982,
1984
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppm) |
Reference |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 1982 |
0.008 |
4 |
| 1984 |
1.1 |
2 | |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 1982 |
ND |
4 |
| 1984 |
0.13 |
2 | |
| trans-1,2-dichloroethylene | 1982 |
ND |
4 |
| 1984 |
0.25 |
2 | |
| ethylbenzene | 1982 |
0.004 |
4 |
| 1984 |
NA |
2 | |
| methylene chloride | 1982 |
0.043 |
4 |
| 1984 |
NA |
2 | |
| tetrachloroethylene | 1982 |
0.003 |
4 |
| 1984 |
NA |
2 | |
| toluene | 1982 |
0.057 |
4 |
| 1984 |
NA |
2 | |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 1982 |
0.007 |
4 |
| 1984 |
NA |
2 | |
| trichloroethylene | 1982 |
ND |
4 |
| 1984 |
6.3 |
2 | |
| vinyl chloride | 1982 |
ND |
4 |
| 1984 |
0.13 |
2 |
ND - Not Detected
NA -Not Analyzed for
Table 3. Volatile Organic Chemicals found in groundwater samples from residential
wells 1984-1997
| Chemical | Date | Maximum Concentration (ppb) |
Wells containing chemical (Figure 2) |
Reference |
| chloroform | 10/84 |
ND |
NA | 2 |
| 10/86 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
0.7 |
RW-2 | 9 | |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 10/84 |
3.6 |
RW-1 | 2 |
| 10/86 |
BQL |
RW-1 | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
2 |
RW-1, RW-5 | 9 | |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 10/84 |
ND |
NA | 2 |
| 10/86 |
BQL |
RW-1 | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| cis-1,2-dichloroethylene | 10/84 |
ND |
NA | 2 |
| 10/86 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
65 |
RW-1, RW-5 | 9 | |
| trans-1,2-dichloroethylene | 10/84 |
48 |
RW-1 | 2 |
| 10/86 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
0.6 |
RW-1 | 9 | |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 10/84 |
ND |
NA | 2 |
| 10/86 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
3 |
RW-5 | 9 | |
| trichloroethylene | 10/84 |
47 |
RW-1 | 2 |
| 10/86 |
26 |
RW-1 | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
25 |
RW-1, RW-5 | 9 | |
| vinyl chloride | 10/84 |
5.6 |
RW-1 | 2 |
| 10/86 |
ND |
NA | 9 | |
| 8/97 |
4 |
RW-1 | 9 |
ND - Not Detected
NA -Not Applicable
BQL -Below Quantification Limit
1. On April 1, 1996, the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) Division of Health Risk Assessment (DHRA), which carries out the work required in the cooperative agreement with ATSDR, was absorbed into the newly-formed Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) as the Environmental Epidemiology Division. The site history and background section of this document uses the departmental identifiers in effect at the time of the events.
2. Under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. EPA has issued regulations for the amounts of many chemicals that are allowable in public drinking water supplies. The concentrations that are permissible, the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), are levels that are generally considered to pose no human health hazard after a lifetime of drinking the water, with modifications for the technical capability of detecting the chemical or for the economics of removing the chemical from water where it occurs naturally.
3. The MDEQ Groundwater Contact Criteria were developed to protect utility workers from adverse systemic health effects after dermal contact with contaminated water. See Reference 18 for complete details.
