LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Location
Figure 2. Residential Well Locations
Figure 3. Horizontal GroundwaterPlume Map -- N,N-Dimethylaniline and Chloroform (Reference 1,Figure 4-8)
LIST OF TABLES
| Table 1. | Contaminants of concern at the Duell & Gardner Landfill Site |
| Table 2. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells on the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, 1981 and from the RI |
| Table 3. | Monitoring well installation and sampling information |
| Table 4. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from monitoring wells at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 5. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in shallow soil samples (0-2 feet) at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 6. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in subsurface soils (deeper than 2 feet) at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 7. | Residential well sampling information |
| Table 8. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 9. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples collected from a tributary to Bear Creek near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 10. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from a tributary to Bear Creek near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Table 11. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from the agricultural drainage ditch south of the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, February 1993 |
| Table 12. | Cancer Deaths for Dalton, Fruitland, and Muskegon Townships 1983-1987 |
Table 1. Contaminants of concern at the Duell & GardnerLandfill Site
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS |
| carbon tetrachloride chloroform 1,1-dichloroethane 1,2-dichloroethane methylene chloride tetrachloroethylene |
ANILINES AND DYES |
| aniline crystal violet N,N-dimethylaniline |
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS |
| benzo(a)anthracene benzo(a)pyrene benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo(g,h,i)perylene benzo(k)fluoranthene chrysene dibenzo(a,h)anthracene indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 2-methylnaphthalene naphthalene phenanthrene |
| PESTICIDES AND PCBS |
| aldrin beta-BHC gamma-BHC (lindane) gamma-chlordane 4,4'-DDD 4,4'-DDT heptachlor polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |
|
| antimony arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium cobalt copper lead mercury silver thallium tin vanadium zinc |
| Table 2. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells on the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, 1981 and from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) | |
| 1981 | 1988-9 | ||
| zinc | NR | 472 | 3,000R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are not listed
NA -- Not Available
NR -- Analysis Not Reported
Comparison Value Sources:
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion(RfD), assuming child exposure
Table 3. Monitoring well installation and samplinginformation
| Well1 | Date Installed2 | Depth (ft.) | RI Sampling Round3 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| MW-1 | 7/82 | 11 | × | × | × |
| MW-2 | 7/82 | 11.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-3 | 7/82 | 11.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-4 | 7/82 | 11.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-5D | RI(I) | 59.6 | × | × | × |
| MW-5S | RI(I) | 12.6 | × | × | × |
| MW-6D | RI(I) | 62 | × | × | × |
| MW-6S | RI(I) | 12.2 | × | × | × |
| MW-7 | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-8 | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-9 | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-10 | 1/86 | 8.2 | -- | × | -- |
| MW-11 | 1/86 | 7.9 | × | × | -- |
| MW-11R | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-12 | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | -- |
| MW-13 | RI(I) | 22.6 | × | × | × |
| MW-14D | RI(I) | 68.3 | × | × | × |
| MW-14E | RI(II) | 98 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-14I | RI(II) | 45 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-14S | RI(I) | 15.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-15 | RI(I) | 10.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-16 | RI(I) | 11 | × | × | × |
| MW-17 | RI(I) | 10.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-18 | RI(I) | 10.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-18I | RI(II) | 45.5 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-19 | RI(I) | 12 | × | × | × |
| MW-20 | RI(I) | 10.5 | × | × | -- |
| MW-21D | RI(I) | 72.4 | × | × | × |
| MW-21S | RI(I) | 12 | × | × | × |
| MW-22D | RI(I) | 50.4 | × | × | × |
| MW-22S | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-23D | RI(I) | 52.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-23S | RI(I) | 12.5 | × | × | × |
| MW-25D | RI(II) | 66 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-25I | RI(II) | 48 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-25S | RI(II) | 16.5 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-26D | RI(II) | 70 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-26I | RI(II) | 45.6 | -- | -- | × |
| MW-26S | RI(II) | 15.6 | -- | -- | × |
Reference: 1
× Sampled
-- Not Sampled
1. See Figure 2 for locations
| Table 4. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater from monitoring wells at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) |
| carbon tetrachloride | 110 | 0.3C |
| chloroform | 270 | 100E, 6C |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 4 | 0.4C |
| methylene chloride | 7 | 600E, 5C |
| tetrachloroethylene | 10 | 0.7C |
| aniline | 6.3 | 6C |
| crystal violet | 3 | 0.04C |
| N,N-dimethylaniline | 186 | 20R |
| beta-BHC | 0.04 | 0.02C |
| gamma-BHC (lindane) | 0.05 | 3R, carcinogen |
| antimony | 44 | 4R |
| arsenic | 12.7 | 3E, 0.2C |
| beryllium | 3.3 | 0.008C |
| cadmium | 5.5 | 7E, carcinogen |
| chromium | 50 | 10,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| cobalt | 10.3 | NA |
| copper | 41.7 | 1,300MG |
| lead | 18.3 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| silver | 12 | 50R |
| thallium | 1.1 | 0.4A |
| vanadium | 81.9 | 20A |
| zinc | 8,270 | 3,000R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are notlisted
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
(III) -- For Chromium(III)
(VI) -- For Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) byIngestion (RfD), assuming child exposure
A -- U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory
MG -- U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL -- U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG is available
The CREGs for crystal violet were calculated from the potency factor citedin Reference 1, Appendix E.
| Table 5. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in shallow soil samples (0-2 feet) at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| chloroform | 0.021 | 20E, 100C |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 0.006 | carcinogen |
| aniline | 4.9 | 100C |
| crystal violet | 182 | 7C |
| N,N-dimethylaniline | 1.59 | 4R |
| 4,4'-DDD | 180 | 3C |
| 4,4'-DDT | 7.3 | 0.8Ei |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 2.4 | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| arsenic | 1.5 | 0.6E, 0.04C |
| chromium | 11 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| copper | 52 | NA |
| lead | 131 | carcinogen |
| mercury | 0.56 | NA |
| tin | 38 | NA |
| vanadium | 11 | NA |
| zinc | 499 | 600R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were never detected in this medium are notlisted
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
(III) -- For Chromium(III)
(VI) -- For Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
Ei-- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG), intermediateduration
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) byIngestion (RfD), assuming child exposure and pica behavior
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG isavailable
The CREGs for crystal violet were calculated from the potency factor citedin Reference 1, Appendix E.
| Table 6. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in subsurface soils (deeper than 2 feet) at the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
.
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| chloroform | 0.021 | 20E, 100C |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 0.008 | carcinogen |
| tetrachloroethylene | 0.02 | 10C |
| aniline | 1.89 | 100C |
| crystal violet | 188 | 7C |
| N,N-dimethylaniline | 0.81 | 4R |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 1.23 | 0.04E, 0.09C |
| benzo(a)anthracene | 0.91 | carcinogen |
| benzo(a)pyrene | 0.66 | 0.1C |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.77 | carcinogen |
| benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 0.036 | NA |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene | 0.49 | carcinogen |
| chrysene | 0.097 | carcinogen |
| dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | 0.2 | carcinogen |
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 0.35 | carcinogen |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 0.044 | NA |
| naphthalene | 0.075 | NA |
| phenanthrene | 2.1 | NA |
| arsenic | 13 | 0.6E, 0.04C |
| beryllium | 4.5 | 0.2C |
| cadmium | 4.1 | 1E, carcinogen |
| chromium | 20 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| cobalt | 49 | NA |
| copper | 29 | NA |
| lead | 54 | carcinogen |
| mercury | 0.32 | NA |
| silver | 179 | 10R |
| tin | 302 | NA |
| vanadium | 21 | NA |
| zinc | 124 | 600R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are notlisted
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
(III) -- For Chromium(III)
(VI) -- For Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) byIngestion (RfD), assuming child exposure and pica behavior
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG isavailable
The CREGs for crystal violet were calculated from the potency factor citedin Reference 1, Appendix E.
Table 7. Residential well sampling information
| Well1 | RI Sampling Round2 | 2/16/93 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| PW-1 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-2 | × | -- | -- | -- |
| PW-3 | × | × | × | -- |
| PW-4 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-5 | × | -- | × | × |
| PW-6 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-7 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-8 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-9 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-10 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-11 | × | -- | × | × |
| PW-12 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-13 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-14 | × | -- | -- | -- |
| PW-15 | × | -- | -- | -- |
| PW-16 | × | -- | × | × |
| PW-17 | × | × | × | × |
| PW-18 | × | -- | -- | -- |
| PW-19 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-20 | × | -- | × | -- |
| PW-21 | -- | -- | × | -- |
| PW-22 | -- | -- | × | -- |
| PW-23 | -- | -- | × | -- |
| PW-24 | -- | -- | -- | × |
Reference: 1, 7
× Sampled
-- Not Sampled
1. See Figure 2 for locations
2. Round 1 -- October 1987
Round 2 -- February 1989
Round 3 -- October 1989
| Table 8. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in water from residential wells near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 0.9 | 0.4C |
| aniline | 0.03 | 6C |
| N,N-dimethylaniline | 1.44 | 20R |
| aldrin | 0.02 | 0.3E, 0.002C |
| gamma-chlordane | 0.04 | 0.03C |
| heptachlor | 0.11 | 0.008C |
| cadmium | 0.24 | 7E, carcinogen |
| copper | 147 | 1,300MG |
| mercury | 0.3 | NA |
| vanadium | 5 | 20A |
| zinc | 378 | 3,000R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are not listed
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
ND -- Not Detected
NR -- Analysis Not Reported
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion (RfD),assuming child exposure
A -- U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory
MG-- U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
carcinogen-- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG is available
| Table 9. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples collected from a tributary to Bear Creek near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppb) | Comparison Values (ppb) |
| copper | 41 | 1,300MG |
| zinc | 11 | 3,000R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are not listed
NA -- Not Available
Comparison Value Sources:
A -- U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory
MG-- U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
| Table 10. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from a tributary to Bear Creek near the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, from the RI |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| benzo(a)pyrene | 0.27 | 0.1C |
| arsenic | 16 | 0.6E, 0.4C |
| cadmium | 710 | 1E, carcinogen |
| chromium | 20 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| cobalt | 6.8 | NA |
| copper | 24 | NA |
| lead | 153 | carcinogen |
| vanadium | 58 | NA |
| zinc | 247 | 600R |
Reference: 1
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are not listed
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
(III)-- For Chromium(III)
(VI)-- For Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion (RfD),assuming child exposure and pica behavior
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG is available
| Table 11. | Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples collected from the agricultural drainage ditch south of the Duell & Gardner Landfill site, February 1993 |
| Chemical | Maximum Concentration (ppm) | Comparison Values (ppm) |
| beta-BHC | 0.0033 | 0.4C |
| arsenic | 1.8J | 0.6E, 0.4C |
| beryllium | 3.2J | 0.2C |
| chromium | 9.8 | 2,000R (III) carcinogen (VI) |
| cobalt | 2.5J | NA |
| copper | 9.8J | NA |
| lead | 39 | carcinogen |
| mercury | 0.32 | NA |
| vanadium | 24.3J | NA |
| zinc | 48.6 | 600R |
Reference: 7
Contaminants of concern that were not detected in this medium are not listed
J -- Chemical detected at concentration below contract required detection limit (CRDL).
Shaded chemicals exceed comparison values.
NA -- Not Available
(III)-- For Chromium(III)
(VI)-- For Chromium(VI)
Comparison Value Sources:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG)
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide (CREG)
R -- Concentration calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose (Chronic) by Ingestion (RfD),assuming child exposure and pica behavior
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (Known, Probable, or Possible) but no CREG is available
| Table 12. | Cancer Deaths for Dalton, Fruitland, and Muskegon Townships 1983-1987 |
| Township | # Deaths Observed | # Deaths Expected1 | SMR* |
| Dalton | 37 | 47 | 0.79 |
| Fruitland | 27 | 31 | 0.87 |
| Muskegon | 130 | 148 | 0.88 |
1. Calculated from 1985 State of Michigan cancer death data, adjusted for theTownship's age distribution
* p = 0.05 for statistical significance
A draft of this public health assessment for the Duell and Gardner Landfill site wasreleased for public comment on February 16, 1994. The public comment period lasted untilMarch 18, 1994. No comments were received by the MDPH in this period. Additional commentsand new information on the site will be considered by MDPH and ATSDR for futureassessments of, or consultations on, the site.
1. Pica behavior is an abnormal consumption of non-food materials,such as soil, most often seen in children under 5 years of age.
2. The numbering used in this Public Health Assessment follows thatused in Reference 1, except that the round 3 locations forPW-2, -14, and -15 have been renumbered PW-21, -22, and -23, respectively. The welllabeled PW-21 in Reference 7 is here labeled PW-24.


