PETITIONED PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
LAFARGE CORPORATION - ALPENA PLANT
ALPENA, ALPENA COUNTY, MICHIGAN
Figure 2. Off-Site Sampling Locations
Figure 3. Background Sampling Locations
Table 1:
Selected demographic and economic information for populations near the Lafarge
Corporation Alpena Plant, from the 1990 U.S. Census.
| Radius from Lafarge Plant | 1 Mile | 3 Miles |
| Population | 2,592 | 13,686 |
| Urban | 2,592 | 11,272 |
| Rural | 0 | 2,414 |
| Age | ||
| Average Age (years) | 37.3 | 39.0 |
| Children Ages 0-17 | 26.5 % | 25.1 % |
| Age 0-4 | 8.1 % | 6.3 % |
| Age 5-14 | 14.6 % | 14.6 % |
| Age 15-24 | 13.2 % | 11.6 % |
| Age 25-34 | 16.1 % | 15.5 % |
| Age 35-44 | 11.8 % | 13.2 % |
| Age 45-54 | 8.3 % | 10.3 % |
| Age 55-64 | 10.0 % | 9.9 % |
| Age 65+ | 17.9 % | 18.6 % |
| Race | ||
| White | 97.4 % | 99.0 % |
| Black | 0.0 % | 0.0 % |
| American Indian | 0.7 % | 0.5 % |
| Asian, Pacific | 2.0 % | 0.5 % |
| Other | 0.0 % | 0.0 % |
| Hispanic (any race) | 0.0 % | 0.2 % |
| Major Ethnic Groups | ||
| Polish | 33.7 % | 20.3 % |
| German | 22.5 % | 28.8 % |
| French (not Basque) | 12.9 % | 13.7 % |
| English | 10.6 % | 9.9 % |
| Irish | 7.7 % | 7.4 % |
| Annual Household Income | ||
| Median | $ 12,138 | $ 21,043 |
| Average | $ 21,153 | $ 28,251 |
| Population in Poverty (%) | 18.5 % | 13.3 % |
| Home Value | ||
| Median | $ 21,625 | $ 34,912 |
| Average | $ 30,532 | $ 44,174 |
Reference: 7
Table 2.
MDCH Fish consumption advisories applicable to Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, and
the Thunder Bay River, 1999.
| Water body | Species | Contaminant(s) | General Population | Nursing Mothers, Pregnant Women, Women Who Intend to Have Children, and Children under Age 15 |
| Lake Huron # | Brown Trout | PCBs | shorter than 18 inches, unlimited consumption; longer than 18 inches, 1 meal per week | shorter than 18 inches, 1 meal per month; longer than 18 inches, no consumption |
| Burbot | PCBs | unlimited consumption, all sizes | 1 meal per week, all sizes | |
| Chinook Salmon | PCBs | unlimited consumption, all sizes | shorter than 30 inches, 1 meal per month; longer than 30 inches, 6 meals per year | |
| Coho Salmon | PCBs | unlimited consumption, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Lake Trout | PCBs, Chlordane, Dioxins | shorter than 22 inches, 1 meal per week; longer than 22 inches, no consumption | no consumption, all sizes | |
| Lake Whitefish | PCBs, Dioxins | shorter than 22 inches, unlimited consumption; longer than 22 inches, no consumption | shorter than 18 inches, 1 meal per week; between 18 and 22 inches, 1 meal per month; longer than 22 inches, no consumption | |
| Rainbow Trout | PCBs | unlimited consumption, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Thunder Bay # | Carp | PCBs | 1 meal per week, all sizes | shorter than 14 inches, 1 meal per month; 14 to 18 inches, 6 meals per year; longer than 18 inches, no consumption |
| Walleye | PCBs(A) | unlimited consumption, all sizes | shorter than 22 inches, 1 meal per week; longer than 22 inches, 1 meal per month | |
| All Inland Lakes, Reservoirs, and Impoundments (including Lake Besser(B) on the Thunder Bay River) | Crappie | Mercury | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per week | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per month |
| Largemouth Bass | Mercury | 1 meal per week, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Muskellunge | Mercury | 1 meal per week, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Northern Pike | Mercury | 1 meal per week, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Rock Bass | Mercury | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per week | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per month | |
| Smallmouth Bass | Mercury | 1 meal per week, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Walleye | Mercury(C) | 1 meal per week, all sizes | 1 meal per month, all sizes | |
| Yellow Perch | Mercury | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per week | longer than 8 inches, 1 meal per month |
Reference: 9
Based on data on edible portions of fish (fillet, with or without skin, depending
on the species). No advisory was issued for chub or channel catfish from Thunder
Bay because of the small sample size.
# Advisories on Lake Huron and Thunder Bay also apply to the Thunder Bay River
below the Ninth Street Dam and to other rivers tributary to the water body below
their first dams, especially for migratory species.
A There is no advisory based on mercury for walleye from Thunder Bay because there was only one fish containing more than 0.5 ppm mercury in the two edible-portion walleye collections in 1989 and 1993. MDCH considered this insufficient data to define a size range where the fish might be expected to exceed the Level of Concern.
B There is no advisory on carp from Lake Besser because there was only one fish that exceeded the MDCH Level of Concern for any chemical (0.05 ppm PCBs) in the edible-portion carp collection in 1989. MDCH considered this insufficient data to define a size range where the fish might be expected to exceed the Level of Concern.
C There is no advisory based on PCBs for walleye from Lake Besser because there was only one fish containing more than 0.05 ppm PCBs in the edible-portion walleye collection in 1989. MDCH considered this insufficient data to define a size range where the fish might be expected to exceed the Level of Concern.
Table 3.
Chemicals found in the environmental data used in this assessment.
| Metals | U.S. EPA Carcin. Class* | Volatile Organic Compounds | U.S. EPA Carcin. Class* | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
U.S. EPA Carcin. Class* |
| aluminum | D | acetone | D | acenaphthene | D |
| antimony | D | benzene | A | acenaphthylene | D |
| arsenic | A | bromomethane | D | anthracene | D |
| barium | D | carbon tetrachloride | B2 | benzo(a)anthracene | B2 |
| beryllium | B2 | chlorobenzene | D | benzo(a)pyrene | B2 |
| bismuth | D | chlorodibromomethane | C | benzo(b)fluoranthene | B2 |
| cadmium | B1 | chloroethane | D | benzo(e)pyrene | D |
| chromium | A | chloroform | B2 | benzo(g,h,i)perylene | D |
| copper | D | chloromethane | D | benzo(k)fluoranthene | B2 |
| lead | B2 | dichlorobromomethane | B2 | chrysene | B2 |
| manganese | D | dichlorodifluoromethane | D | dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | B2 |
| mercury | D | 1,2-dichloroethane | C | fluoranthene | D |
| molybdenum | D | ethylbenzene | D | fluorene | D |
| nickel | D | methylene chloride | B2 | indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | B2 |
| potassium | D | styrene | D | 2-methylnaphthalene | D |
| selenium | D | tetrachloroethylene | UR | naphthalene | D |
| silver | D | toluene | D | perylene | D |
| sodium | D | 1,1,1-trichloroethane | D | phenanthrene | B2 |
| thallium | D | trichloroethylene | UR | pyrene | D |
| vanadium | D | trichlorofluoromethane | D | Other
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds |
|
| zinc | D | 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane | D | ||
| trihalomethanes (total) | B2 | ||||
| vinyl chloride | A | ||||
| xylene | D | benzyl chloride | B2 | ||
| bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | B2 | ||||
| Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans, and other Chlorinated Organic Compounds | 1,2-dichlorobenzene | D | |||
| 1,4-dichlorobenzene | D | ||||
| 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene | D | ||||
| alpha-chlordane | B2 | heptachlor epoxide | B2 | 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene | D |
| gamma-chlordane | B2 | heptachlorostyrene | D | 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene | D |
| cis-nonachlor | B2 | hexachlorobenzene | B2 | 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene | D |
| trans-nonachlor | B2 | hexachlorostyrene | D | ||
| oxy-chlordane | B2 | octachlorostyrene | D | The concentrations of the shaded chemicals exceeded the ATSDR Comparison Values (or the chemicals were present but no Comparison Value has been established) in at least one environmental medium. | |
| 4,4'-DDD | B2 | PCBs | B2 | ||
| 4,4'-DDE | B2 | pentachlorostyrene | D | ||
| 4,4'-DDT | B2 | toxaphene | B2 | ||
| dieldrin | B2 | ||||
| chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans |
B2 | *U.S. EPA Carcinogen Class:
A Human carcinogen B1, B2 Probable human carcinogen C Possible human carcinogen D Unclassifiable UR Classification Under Review |
|||
Table 4.
Summary of TRI information for Alpena Facilities, 1987-1997.
| Facility | Chemical | Reported Releases or Transfers | ||||
| Air | Water | Land | Off-site Transfer | |||
| POTW | Other | |||||
| ABT Co. (Abitibi-Price) | ammonia | x | x | — | — | — |
| chlorine | x | x | — | — | — | |
| formaldehyde | x | x | — | — | — | |
| methanol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| phenol | x | x | — | — | — | |
| sodium hydroxide (solution) | x | — | — | — | — | |
| sulfuric acid | x | x | — | — | — | |
| Fletcher Paper Co. | acetone | x | — | — | — | x |
| formaldehyde | x | x | — | x | x | |
| hydrochloric acid | — | x | — | x | — | |
| methanol | x | — | — | — | x | |
| toluene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| Lafarge Corporation (main plant) | acetone | x | — | — | — | — |
| ammonium nitrate (solution) | x | — | — | — | — | |
| benzene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| n-butyl alcohol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| tert-butyl alcohol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| chlorobenzene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| chromium | x | x | x | — | x | |
| chromium compounds | x | x | — | — | x | |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | x | — | — | — | — | |
| dichloromethane* | x | — | — | — | x | |
| diethanolamine | x | — | — | — | — | |
| diethyl phthalate | x | — | — | — | — | |
| dimethyl phthalate | x | — | — | — | — | |
| 2-ethoxyethanol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| ethylbenzene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| ethylene glycol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| Freon 113** | x | — | — | — | — | |
| glycol ethers | x | — | — | — | x | |
| hydrochloric acid | x | — | — | — | — | |
| isopropyl alcohol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| methanol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| methyl ethyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| methyl isobutyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| methyl methacrylate | x | — | — | — | — | |
| naphthalene | x | — | — | — | — | |
| phenol | x | — | — | — | — | |
| polychlorinated biphenyls | — | — | — | — | x | |
| styrene | x | — | — | — | — | |
| tetrachloroethylene | x | — | — | — | — | |
| toluene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | x | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane | x | — | — | — | — | |
| trichloroethylene | x | — | — | — | — | |
| vinyl acetate | x | — | — | — | — | |
| xylene (mixed isomers) | x | — | — | — | x | |
| Lafarge Corp. (M-32 Paxton Quarry) | ammonium nitrate (solution) | x | — | — | — | — |
| Panel Processing Inc. | acetone | x | — | — | — | x |
| n-butyl alcohol | x | — | — | — | x | |
| certain glycol ethers | x | — | — | — | — | |
| methyl ethyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| methyl isobutyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| toluene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| xylene (mixed isomers) | x | — | — | — | x | |
| Systech Environmental Corp. | acetone | x | — | — | — | x |
| benzene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| dichloromethane* | x | — | — | — | x | |
| ethylbenzene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| certain glycol ethers | x | — | — | — | — | |
| methyl ethyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| methyl isobutyl ketone | x | — | — | — | x | |
| toluene | x | — | — | — | x | |
| xylene (mixed isomers) | x | — | — | — | x | |
| Thunder Bay Manufacturing | copper | x | — | — | — | — |
| methanol | x | — | — | — | x | |
| nickel | x | — | — | — | — | |
Reference: 12
x A transfer or release was reported in at least one year's report.
— No transfer or release was reported.
POTW Publicly Owned Water Treatment Works
* Dichloromethane is more commonly called methylene chloride.
** Freon 113 is also known as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane.
Table 5. Concentrations of metals in groundwater samples collected from
monitoring wells in the vicinity of the cement kiln dust pile at the Lafarge
Corporation Alpena Plant during the IRIA, January-July, 1997.
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppm) |
No. of samples exceeding MDEQ Contact Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples exceeding U.S. EPA or MDEQ Drinking Water Standards (Refs. 11, 13) | Comparison Value (ppb) |
||
| Maximum | Median | ||||||
| acetone | 1/97 | 330 | 190 | 0 | 0 | 1,000R | |
| 7/97 | 260 | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| aluminum | 1/97 | total | 46,000 | 14,000 | 0 | 0 | 20,000Ei |
| dissolved | 6,500 | 2,200 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 48,000 | 12,000 | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | 6,400 | 3,100 | 0 | 0 | |||
| antimony | 1/97 | total | 5 | ND | 0 | 0 | 3A |
| dissolved | 8 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 12 | ND | 0 | 2 | ||
| dissolved | 12 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| arsenic | 1/97 | total | 190 | 87.5 | 0 | 6 | 3E, 0.023C |
| dissolved | 140 | 49 | 0 | 3 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 180 | 89.5 | 0 | 8 | ||
| dissolved | 180 | ND | 0 | 6 | |||
| barium | 1/97 | total | 380 | ND | 0 | 0 | 700R |
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 1,600 | 405 | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| beryllium | 1/97 | total | 2 | ND | 0 | 0 | 4M, 0.0081C |
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| cadmium | 1/97 | total | 16 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2E, carcinogen |
| dissolved | 14 | 3.1 | 0 | 3 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 16 | ND | 0 | 5 | ||
| dissolved | 14 | ND | 0 | 4 | |||
| chloroform | 1/97 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | 100E, 5.7C | |
| 7/97 | 1.9 | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| chromium | 1/97 | total | 200 | ND | 0 | 1 | 30R, carcinogen (VI) |
| dissolved | 100 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 260 | 100 | 0 | 4 | ||
| dissolved | 110 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| copper | 1/97 | total | 190 | ND | 0 | 0 | 1,300MG |
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 440 | 94 | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| lead | 1/97 | total | 300 | 32 | 0 | 10 | 15PL, carcinogen |
| dissolved | 14 | ND | 0 | 4 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 380 | 37.5 | 0 | 12 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| manganese | 1/97 | total | 2,100 | 430 | 0 | 5 | NA |
| dissolved | 800 | ND | 0 | 2 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 8,900 | 1,100 | 0 | 8 | ||
| dissolved | 1,100 | ND | 0 | 3 | |||
| mercury | 1/97 | total | 2.4 | 0.95 | 0 | 1 | 2A |
| dissolved | 3.5 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 2.675 | ND | 0 | 1 | ||
| dissolved | 2.54 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| nickel | 1/97 | total | 520 | 83.5 | 0 | 2 | 100A, carcinogen |
| dissolved | 330 | ND | 0 | 1 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 640 | ND | 0 | 2 | ||
| dissolved | 510 | ND | 0 | 2 | |||
| potassium | 1/97 | total | 7,800,000 | 810,000 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| dissolved | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 7/97 | total | 9,800,000 | 2,200,000 | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | 10,000,000 | 1,500,000 | 0 | 0 | |||
| selenium | 1/97 | total | 60 | 30.5 | 0 | 2 | 50E |
| dissolved | 63 | 34 | 0 | 2 | |||
| 7/97 | total | 65 | ND | 0 | 2 | ||
| dissolved | 69 | ND | 0 | 2 | |||
| silver | 1/97 | total | 7.4 | ND | 0 | 0 | 50R |
| dissolved | 11 | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| sodium | 1/97 | total | 540,000 | 190,000 | 0 | 6 | NA |
| dissolved | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 7/97 | total | 660,000 | 200,000 | 0 | 7 | ||
| dissolved | 660,000 | 200,000 | 0 | 7 | |||
| thallium | 1/97 | total | 14 | ND | 0 | 1 | 0.4A |
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7/97 | total | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| dissolved | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| trichloroethylene | 1/97 | 1.1 | ND | 0 | 0 | 5M, 3.2C | |
| 7/97 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other Parameters | Date | Value (standard units) |
No. of samples exceeding MDEQ Contact Criteria (Ref. 14) | No. of samples outside U.S. EPA Drinking Water Standards (Ref. 11) | Comparison Value | ||
| Maximum | Median | Minimum | |||||
| pH | 1/97 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 7.2 | 8 | 9 | NA |
| 7/97 | 13.3 | 12.1 | 6.8 | 9 | 10 | ||
Reference: 3
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison Values
ND -- Not Detected - for medians, in more than ½ of the samples
NS -- Not Sampled
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
(EMEGs)
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs),calculated from U.S.
EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs)
M -- U.S. EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (11)
MG -- U.S. EPA Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (11)
A -- U.S. EPA Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisory (11)
PL -- U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water (11)
Table 6. Concentrations of metals in samples of cement kiln dust collected
from a pile on the lakeshore behind the Lafarge Corporation Alpena plant by
the MDNR (March 1993, August 1993) and during the IRIA (December 1996).
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 13) | Comparison Value (ppm) |
|
| Maximum | Median | |||||
| antimony | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.8R |
| 8/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| 12/96 | 0.52 | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| arsenic | 3/31/93 | 27.1 | 23.2 | 0 | 3 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 8/93 | 65 | 60.5 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 12/96 | 32 | 12 | 0 | 9 | ||
| barium | 3/31/93 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 140R |
| 8/93 | 160 | 157 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 100 | 82 | 0 | 0 | ||
| beryllium | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 10R, 0.16C |
| 8/93 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 1.6 | 0.52 | 0 | 0 | ||
| cadmium | 3/31/93 | 0.6 | 0.52 | 0 | 0 | 0.4E, carcinogen |
| 8/93 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| 12/96 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| chromium | 3/31/93 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| 8/93 | 36 | 33 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 21 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
| copper | 3/31/93 | 18 | 16 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 8/93 | 45 | 43 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 26 | 18 | 0 | 0 | ||
| lead | 3/31/93 | 51 | 36 | 0 | 0 | carcinogen |
| 8/93 | 125 | 108.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 180 | 64 | 0 | 0 | ||
| manganese | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA |
| 8/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| 12/96 | 260 | 210 | 0 | 0 | ||
| mercury | 3/31/93 | 0.121 | ND | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 8/93 | 2.4 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| molybdenum | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 10R |
| 8/93 | 23 | 21.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| nickel | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 40R, carcinogen |
| 8/93 | 31 | 30 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 26 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
| selenium | 3/31/93 | 3.15 | 2.65 | 0 | 0 | 10E |
| 8/93 | 7.1 | 6.35 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| silver | 3/31/93 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 10R |
| 8/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| 12/96 | 0.51 | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| thallium | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA |
| 8/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| 12/96 | 6.2 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | ||
| titanium | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA |
| 8/93 | 1,100 | 1,100 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| vanadium | 3/31/93 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 6Ei |
| 8/93 | 67 | 62.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| zinc | 3/31/93 | 134 | 115 | 0 | 0 | 600E |
| 8/93 | 350 | 345 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/96 | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
Reference: 3
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison Values
ND -- Not Detected - for medians, in more than ½ of the samples
NS -- Not Sampled or Not Analyzed for
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), chronic exposure
Ei -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-duration
exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S.
EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs)
Table 7. Concentrations of metals in soil samples collected at two residences
in Alpena by the MDNR, June-July 1992.
| Chemical | Date - Depth | Concentration
(ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 13) | Comparison Value (ppm) |
|||
| Residence A | Residence B | |||||||
| Maximum | Median | Maximum | Median | |||||
| arsenic | 6/92 - 6" | 2.9 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 0 | 2 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 7/92 - 1" | 2.6 | 2.2 | 5 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| cadmium | 6/92 - 6" | ND (2) | ND (2) | ND (2) | ND (2) | 0 | 0 | 0.4E, carcinogen |
| 7/92 - 1" | ND (2) | ND (2) | ND (2) | ND (2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| chromium | 6/92 - 6" | 7.9 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.45 | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| 7/92 - 1" | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| copper | 6/92 - 6" | 15 | 9 | 24 | 20 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 7/92 - 1" | 24 | 13 | 19 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ||
| lead | 6/92 - 6" | 219 | 141 | 287 | 209 | 0 | 0 | carcinogen |
| 7/92 - 1" | 221 | 172 | 218 | 110 | 0 | 0 | ||
| mercury | 6/92 - 6" | ND | ND | 0.12 | ND | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 7/92 - 1" | ND | ND | 0.25 | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| nickel | 6/92 - 6" | ND | ND | 7.5 | ND | 0 | 0 | 40R, carcinogen |
| 7/92 - 1" | 13 | 9.45 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| zinc | 6/92 - 6" | 190 | 100 | 200 | 190 | 0 | 0 | 600E |
| 7/92 - 1" | 170 | 130 | 160 | 130 | 0 | 0 | ||
References: 18
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison Values
ND -- Not Detected (with detection level) - for medians,
in more than ½ of the samples
-- = Not relevant, only one sample collected
Note: The MDEQ Industrial and Commercial Clean-Up Criteria
for lead were developed using the U.S. EPA Integrated Uptake Biokinetic Model
for children, and are equal to the Residential Criteria, 400 ppm. No risk
assessment methods are currently available to evaluate lead toxicity in adults.
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible)
but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
(EMEGs), chronic exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs),
calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs)
Table 8. Concentrations of metals in surface soil samples collected at residences,
school yards, and parks in Alpena by the MDNR (June-August 1992), the Alpena
Public Schools (November-December 1992), and Encotec (1996).
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 13) | Comparison Value (ppm) |
|
| Maximum | Median | |||||
| antimony | 1996 | 0.1 | ND | 0 | 0 | 0.8R |
| arsenic | 6-8/92 | 33 | 3.2 | 0 | 7 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 11/30/92 | 9.2 | 1.2 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 15 | 1.7 | 0 | 4 | ||
| 1996 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| barium | 1996 | 79 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 140R |
| beryllium | 1996 | 0.5 | ND | 0 | 0 | 10R, 0.16C |
| cadmium | 6-8/92 | ND (2) | ND (2) | 0 | 0 | 0.4E, carcinogen |
| 1996 | 2.6 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | ||
| chromium | 6-8/92 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| 1996 | 13 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| copper | 6-8/92 | 42 | 13 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 1996 | 11 | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| lead | 6-8/92 | 595 | 64 | 1 | 1 | carcinogen |
| 11/30/92 | 1,150 | 13.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 2,600 | 62.2 | 4 | 4 | ||
| 1996 | 150 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
| manganese | 1996 | 1,400 | 160 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| mercury | 6-8/92 | 0.33 | ND | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 1996 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | ||
| nickel | 6-8/92 | 19 | 7.25 | 0 | 0 | 40R, carcinogen |
| 1996 | 13 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| zinc | 6-8/92 | 800 | 84.2 | 0 | 0 | 600E |
| 1996 | 140 | 53 | 0 | 0 | ||
Reference: 18, 19, 21
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison Values
These statistics include data also presented in Tables
7 and 10.
ND -- Not Detected - for medians, in more than ½ of
the samples
Note: The MDEQ Industrial and Commercial Clean-Up Criteria
for lead were developed using the U.S. EPA Integrated Uptake Biokinetic Model
for children, and are equal to the Residential Criteria, 400 ppm. No risk
assessment methods are currently available to evaluate lead toxicity in adults.
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible)
but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
(EMEGs), chronic exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs),
calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs)
Table 9. Concentrations of metals in subsurface soil samples collected at
residences, school yards, and parks in Alpena by the MDNR, June-August 1992,
and Encotec (1996).
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 13) | Comparison Value (ppm) |
|
| Maximum | Median | |||||
| antimony | 1996 | 2.2 | ND | 0 | 0 | 0.8R |
| arsenic | 6-8/92 | 8.2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 1996 | 5 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| barium | 1996 | 94 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 140R |
| beryllium | 1996 | 0.3 | ND | 0 | 0 | 10R, 0.16C |
| cadmium | 6-8/92 | ND (2) | ND (2) | 0 | 0 | 0.4E, carcinogen |
| 1996 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| chromium | 6-8/92 | 15.5 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| 1996 | 10 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| copper | 6-8/92 | 36 | 17.5 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 1996 | 35 | 4.55 | 0 | 0 | ||
| lead | 6-8/92 | 451 | 134 | 1 | 1 | carcinogen |
| 1996 | 260 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| manganese | 1996 | 240 | 140 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| mercury | 6-8/92 | 0.12 | ND | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 1996 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| nickel | 6-8/92 | 20 | ND | 0 | 0 | 40R, carcinogen |
| 1996 | 8.2 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| thallium | 1996 | 2.3 | ND | 0 | 0 | NA |
| zinc | 6-8/92 | 350 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 600E |
| 1996 | 210 | 24 | 0 | 0 | ||
Reference: 18, 21
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison
Values
These statistics include data
also presented in Table 7.
ND -- Not Detected - for medians,
in more than ½ of the samples
Note: The MDEQ Industrial and
Commercial Clean-Up Criteria for lead were developed using the U.S. EPA Integrated
Uptake Biokinetic Model for children, and are equal to the Residential Criteria,
400 ppm. No risk assessment methods are currently available to evaluate lead
toxicity in adults.
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven,
probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental
Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), chronic exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation
Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides
(CREGs)
Table 10. Concentrations of metals in surface soil samples collected at
Ella White and Lincoln Elementary schools in Alpena by the MDNR (June-August
1992) and contractors for the Alpena Public Schools (November-December 1992).
| Chemical | Date | Concentration (ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 13) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 13) | Comparison Value (ppm) |
|
| Maximum | Median | |||||
| Ella White | ||||||
| arsenic | 8/25/92 | 23 | -- | 0 | 1 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 11/30/92 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 15 | 1.2 | 0 | 1 | ||
| chromium | 8/25/92 | 16 | -- | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| copper | 8/25/92 | 42 | -- | 0 | 0 | NA |
| lead | 8/25/92 | 115 | -- | 0 | 0 | carcinogen |
| 11/30/92 | 17 | 9.11 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 83 | 15.2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| nickel | 8/25/92 | 6.9 | -- | 0 | 0 | 40R, carcinogen |
| zinc | 8/25/92 | 250 | -- | 0 | 0 | 600E |
| Lincoln | ||||||
| arsenic | 6/9/92 | 6.1 | 3.35 | 0 | 1 | 0.6E, 0.47C |
| 11/30/92 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 7.8 | 2.85 | 0 | 3 | ||
| chromium | 6/9/92 | 7 | 5.5 | 0 | 0 | 6R, carcinogen (VI) |
| copper | 6/9/92 | 21 | 10.75 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| lead | 6/9/92 | 161 | 43 | 0 | 0 | carcinogen |
| 11/30/92 | 1,150 | 41.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 12/22/92 | 2,600 | 186 | 4 | 4 | ||
| nickel | 6/9/92 | 9.9 | 5.75 | 0 | 0 | 40R, carcinogen |
| zinc | 6/9/92 | 210 | 90.5 | 0 | 0 | 600E |
Reference: 18, 19
Shaded chemicals exceeded ATSDR Comparison Values
These statistics include data also presented in Table 8.
ND -- Not Detected - for medians, in more than ½ of the samples
-- = Not Relevant - only one sample collected.
Note: The MDEQ Industrial and Commercial Clean-Up
Criteria for lead were developed using the U.S. EPA Integrated Uptake Biokinetic
Model for children, and are equal to the Residential Criteria, 400 ppm. No risk
assessment methods are currently available to evaluate lead toxicity in adults.
(VI) -- For chromium(VI)
NA -- None Available
carcinogen -- Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available
Comparison Value Bases:
E -- ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), chronic
exposure
R -- ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated
from U.S. EPA Reference Dose
C -- ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs)
