- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Brownfields Redevelopment Work Plan for Old Total Gas Station, Caro, Michigan. November 17, 1997.
- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Unpublished laboratory data. February 1998.
- Howard, A.J., MDNR ERD. Memorandum to ERD staff, subject: Environmental
Response Division Operational Memorandum #14 Revision 2: Remedial Action Plans
Using Generic Industrial or Generic Commercial Cleanup Criteria or Other Requirements.
June 6, 1995.
- Howard, A.J., MDNR ERD. Memorandum to ERD staff, Subject: Interim Environmental Response Division Operational Memorandum #8, Revision 4: Generic Residential Cleanup Criteria. June 5, 1995.
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Waste Management Division. Michigan Background Soil Survey. Revised April 1991.
- Howard, A.J., MDEQ ERD. Memorandum to ERD staff, Subject: Part 201 Generic Soil Inhalation Criteria for Ambient Air: Addendum to Interim Operational Memoranda #8, Revision 4 (June 5, 1995) and #14, Revision 2 (June 6, 1995). April 29, 1997.
- Howard, A.J., MDEQ ERD. Draft Memorandum to ERD staff, Subject: Interim Generic Utility Worker Contact Criteria: Addendum to Interim Operational Memoranda #8, Revision 4 (June 5, 1995) and #14, Revision 2 (June 6, 1995). April 12, 1996.
- Kondakis, X.G., Makris, N., Leotsinidis, M., et al. Possible Health Effects of High Manganese Concentration in Drinking Water. Arch. Environ. Health,44, pp. 175-178. 1989.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Manganese, Update, Draft for Public Comment. September 1997.
- Agencyfor Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Benzene, Update. September 1997.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Toluene, Update. ATSDR/TP-93/14. May 1994.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Xylenes, Update. August 1995.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Acetone. ATSDR/TP-93/01. May 1994.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic, Update. ATSDR/TP-92/02. April 1993.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Cresols. ATSDR/TP-91/11. July 1992.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, Update. ATSDR/TP-92/05. April 1993.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene, Update, Draft for Public Comment. September 1997.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Lead, Update, Draft for Public Comment. September 1997.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene, Update. August 1995.
- Little, J.C. Applying the Two-Resistance Theory to Contaminant Volatilization in Showers. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26(7), 1341-1349. 1992.
Figure 1. Map of Old Total Gas Station
Michigan Department of Community Health
John Filpus, Environmental Engineer
Robin Freer, Resource Specialist
James Bedford, Environmental Toxicologist
Brendan Boyle, Principal Investigator
Louise Fabinski
Regional Services, Region V
Office of the Assistant Administrator
William Greim
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Superfund Site Assessment Branch
The Old Total Gas Station - Caro Health Consultation was prepared by the Michigan Department of Community Health under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated.
William Greim
Technical Project Officer, SPS, SSAB, DHAC
The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, has reviewed this health consultation and concurs with its findings.
Lisa C. Hayes
Chief, SPS, SSAB, DHAC, ATSDR
Table 1. Concentrations of chemicals found in surface soil samples collected from the Old Total Gas Station - Caro property by the MDEQ, December 1997.
| Chemical | Concentration
(ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 3) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 4) | |
| Maximum | Median | |||
| acenaphthene | 0.032 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| acenaphthylene | 0.022 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| anthracene | 0.086 | 0.0405 | 0 | 0 |
| antimony | 2.3 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| arsenic | 5.2 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| barium | 50.7 | 30.7 | 0 | 0 |
| benzene | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(a)anthracene | 0.25 | 0.155 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(a)pyrene | 0.25 | 0.165 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.23 | 0.165 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 0.47 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene | 0.24 | 0.175 | 0 | 0 |
| beryllium | 0.2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| butylbenzylphthalate | 0.18 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| cadmium | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| carbazole | 0.056 | 0.036 | 0 | 0 |
| gamma-chlordane | 0.0013 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| chromium | 41.1 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 |
| chrysene | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 |
| cobalt | 3.7 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| copper | 15.8 | 7.6 | 0 | 0 |
| cyanide | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDD | 0.0026 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDE | 0.097 | 0.012 | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDT | 0.38 | 0.043 | 0 | 0 |
| di-n-butylphthalate | 0.019 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 0.04 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| dieldrin | 0.0092 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| endrin aldehyde | 0.0096 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| ethylbenzene | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0 | 0 |
| fluoranthene | 0.64 | 0.35 | 0 | 0 |
| fluorene | 0.04 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| heptachlor epoxide | 0.0039 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 |
| lead | 268 | 108 | 0 | 0 |
| manganese | 214 | 158 | 0 | 0 |
| mercury | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 0.028 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| naphthalene | 0.019 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| nickel | 11.3 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 |
| PCBs (total) | 0.044 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| phenanthrene | 0.44 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| pyrene | 0.53 | 0.31 | 0 | 0 |
| toluene | 0.037 | 0.022 | 0 | 0 |
| vanadium | 15.9 | 10.7 | 0 | 0 |
| xylenes (total) | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0 | 0 |
| zinc | 271 | 84 | 0 | 0 |
Reference: 2
ND --Not Detected in more than 50% of the samples
| Chemical | Concentration
(ppm) |
No. of samples above MDEQ Industrial/Commercial Criteria (Ref. 3) | No. of samples above MDEQ Residential Criteria (Ref. 4) | |
| Maximum | Median | |||
| acetone | 14 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| aldrin | 0.0031 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| antimony | 0.8 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| arsenic | 5.5 | 3.6 | 0 | 1 |
| barium | 32.2 | 13.6 | 0 | 0 |
| benzene | 75 | 0.005 | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(a)anthracene | 0.019 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.019 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 0.047 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| beryllium | 0.4 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| delta-BHC | 0.00059 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 5.5 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2-butanone | 0.004 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| butylbenzylphthalate | 0.054 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| cadmium | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| alpha-chlordane | 0.00098 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| gamma-chlordane | 0.0023 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| chromium | 13.5 | 6.95 | 0 | 0 |
| chrysene | 0.024 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| cobalt | 5.4 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| copper | 11.4 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| cyanide | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDD | 0.0014 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDE | 0.0024 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4,4'-DDT | 0.0023 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| di-n-octylphthalate | 0.18 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| dibenzofuran | 0.61 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| dieldrin | 0.0007 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| diethylphthalate | 0.025 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2,4-dimethylphenol | 0.88 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4,6-dinitro-2-methylphenol | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| endosulfan I | 0.0013 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| endrin ketone | 0.00068 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| ethylbenzene | 160 | 0.0115 | 0 | 0 |
| fluoranthene | 0.04 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| fluorene | 2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| heptachlor epoxide | 0.0014 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 0.034 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| lead | 289 | 4.25 | 0 | 0 |
| manganese | 424 | 180.5 | 0 | 0 |
| mercury | 0.07 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| methylene chloride | 2.2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 60 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2-methylphenol | 0.022 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4-methylphenol | 0.031 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| naphthalene | 40 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| nickel | 12.7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 2-nitroaniline | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 3-nitroaniline | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 4-nitroaniline | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2-nitrophenol | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| PCBs (total) | 0.025 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| pentachlorophenol | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| phenanthrene | 0.02 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| phenol | 0.029 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| pyrene | 0.035 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| selenium | 0.6 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| tetrachloroethylene | 0.43 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| toluene | 540 | 0.017 | 0 | 0 |
| 2,4,5-trichlorophenol | 0.95 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| vanadium | 23 | 13.7 | 0 | 0 |
| xylenes (total) | 900 | 0.024 | 0 | 0 |
| zinc | 124 | 19.7 | 0 | 0 |
Reference: 2
ND --Not Detected in more than 50% of the samples
| Chemical | Concentration
(ppb) |
No. of samples exceeding MDEQ Contact Criteria (Ref. 7) | No. of samples exceeding U.S. EPA Drinking Water Standards (Ref. 4) | |
| Maximum | Median | |||
| acenaphthene | 2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| acetone | 3,800 | 650 | 0 | 3 |
| arsenic | 65.1 | 51.55 | 0 | 4 |
| barium | 330 | 156.5 | 0 | 0 |
| benzene | 17,000 | 5,100 | 2 | 6 |
| bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 19 | 0.85 | 0 | 1 |
| cadmium | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| chromium | 8.5 | 5.05 | 0 | 0 |
| cobalt | 16.1 | 7.45 | 0 | 0 |
| copper | 32.7 | 13.45 | 0 | 0 |
| cyanide | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| dibenzofuran | 2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 1,2-dichlorobenzene | 6 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| 2,4-dimethylphenol | 21 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 |
| ethylbenzene | 3,400 | 2,150 | 0 | 6 |
| fluoranthene | 1 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| fluorene | 48 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| lead | 93.1 | 15.05 | 0 | 5 |
| manganese | 3,490 | 1,680 | 0 | 6 |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 3,800 | 250 | 0 | 0 |
| 2-methylphenol | 42 | 18.5 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-methylphenol | 84 | 30 | 0 | 2 |
| naphthalene | 2,600 | 545 | 0 | 5 |
| nickel | 16.3 | 13.95 | 0 | 0 |
| phenanthrene | 2 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| phenol | 69 | 22 | 0 | 0 |
| pyrene | 0.7 | ND | 0 | 0 |
| toluene | 28,000 | 10,950 | 0 | 6 |
| vanadium | 22.6 | 12.6 | 0 | 0 |
| xylenes (total) | 18,000 | 9,300 | 0 | 2 |
| zinc | 97.8 | 64.7 | 0 | 0 |
Reference: 2
ND --Not Detected in more than 50% of the samples
