PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
WILLOW RUN SLUDGE LAGOON
YPSILANTI, WASHTENAW COUNTY, MICHIGAN

APPENDIX B.

TABLES

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. List of Contaminants of Concern at the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 2. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 3. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 4. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples that included surface material from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sludge samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in subsurface soil samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 9. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from a monitoring well on the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the FIT study, 1982.

Table 10. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from Willow Run Creek near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 11. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Willow Run Creek near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 12. Concentrations of chemicals of concern in surface water samples from ponds along Willow Run Creek.

Table 13. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sediment samples from ponds along Willow Run Creek.

Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 upstream of the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Table 15. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of surface water collected from the Willow Run Separator Drain, from the ESI, 1991.

Table 16. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment collected from the Willow Run Separator Drain.

Table 17. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells adjacent to the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the FIT study, 1982.

Table 18. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells along Willow Run Creek, from the FIT, 1982, the ESI, 1991, and the EE/CA, 1994.

Table 19. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells adjacent to the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the RI, 1989-90, and from the ESI, 1991.

Table 20. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from monitoring wells around the Fons and Old Wayne Disposal Landfills, near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon, June 1993.

Table 21. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from domestic, industrial, or municipal wells in the vicinity of the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, 1981-2, 1991.

Table 22. Concentrations of chemicals of concern in soil samples collected adjacent to Willow Run Creek, 1991, 1994.

Table 23. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in soil samples from a residence near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, March 1994.

Table 24. Fish contamination data from Belleville Lake, 1988.

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Table 1. List of Contaminants of Concern at the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS (VOCs)	METALS AND INORGANIC CHEMICALS	POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs)	SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS (SVOCs)	POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
acetone benzene chloroform 1,1-dichloroethane 1,2-dichloroethane 1,1-dichloroethylene cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 1,1,1-trichloroethane trichloroethylene	antimony arsenic barium beryllium boron cadmium chromium cobalt copper cyanide lead manganese mercury nickel selenium silver thallium vanadium zinc	acenaphthylene benzo(a)anthracene benzo(a)pyrene benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo(g,h,i)perylene benzo(k)fluoranthene chrysene dibenz(a,h)anthracene indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 2-methylnaphthalene naphthalene phenanthrene	bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate butylbenzyl phthalate dibenzofuran 1,4-dichlorobenzene di-n-octylphthalate 2-methylphenol 3-methylphenol 4-methylphenol

Table 2. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)			Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		lagoon	outlet	seep
acetone	1990	0.67J	1.J	ND (0.02J)	2	200R
antimony	1990	28.7J	ND (6.4)	ND (8.1J)	2	0.8R
arsenic	1990	29.6	25.2	110	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1990	739.J	107.J	463	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1990	ND (13)	2.2J	ND (1.3)	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1990	ND (13)	1.8J	ND (1.3)	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1990	2.4J	3.2J	ND (1.3)	2	carcinogen
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1990	2.J	0.089J	ND (1.3)	2	NA
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1990	ND (13)	6.5	0.41J	2	40R, 50C
cadmium	1979	30	ND (1)	–	2	1E, carcinogen
	1990	52.9	9.9	ND (0.36)	2
chromium (total)	1979	4,800	4	–	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
	1990	2,100.J	135.J	9.8	2
chrysene	1990	ND (13)	3.4J	ND (1.3)	2	carcinogen
cobalt	1990	17.9J	11.7J	5.6J	2	NA
copper	1979	530	12	–	2	NA
	1990	450.J	38.6J	24	2
cyanide	1979	460	ND (1)	–	2	40R
	1990	138	4.2	ND (1.1)	2
di-n-octylphthalate	1990	ND (13)	ND (6.3)	0.27J	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1990	1.7J	ND (6.3)	ND (1.3)	2	carcinogen
lead	1979	400	2	–	2	carcinogen
	1990	485	90.9	9.1	2
manganese	1990	602.J	1,030.J	524	2	300R
mercury	1979	5.7	ND (1)	–	2	NA
	1990	8.3	2.6	ND (0.25)	2
nickel	1979	53	7	–	2	40R, carcinogen
	1990	44.6J	23.2	16.2	2
PCBs	1979	610	0.21	–	2	0.04E, 0.09C
	1990	5,800	1,570	ND (0.64)	2
phenanthrene	1990	ND (13)	4.1J	ND (1.3)	2	NA
selenium	1990	4.6	1.J	ND (4)	2	4E
silver	1990	181	4.7	0.9J	2	10R
vanadium	1990	26.J	26.3	16.3J	2	6Ei
zinc	1979	23,000	120	–	2	600R
	1990	6,470.J	1,520.J	44.1	2

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 3. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		upstream	downstream
arsenic	1990	11.5	21	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1990	50.8	66.5	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1990	0.21J	0.21J	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1990	0.19J	0.18J	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1990	0.53J	0.38J	2	carcinogen
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1990	0.21J	0.28J	2	NA
cadmium	1990	9.1	26.6J	2	1E, carcinogen
chromium (total)	1990	17.9	242	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
chrysene	1990	0.48J	0.45J	2	carcinogen
cobalt	1990	5.2	8.J	2	NA
copper	1990	30.5J	36	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1990	0.17J	0.22J	2	carcinogen
lead	1990	36.8	148	2	carcinogen
manganese	1990	446.J	767.J	2	300R
mercury	1990	0.24	ND (0.18)	2	NA
nickel	1990	22.6	21.3	2	40R, carcinogen
PCBs	1990	0.61	32.2	2	0.04E, 0.09C
phenanthrene	1990	0.32J	0.28J	2	NA
thallium	1990	0.53J	0.63J	2	NA
vanadium	1990	18.3	26.5J	2	6Ei
zinc	1990	137	162	2	600R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 4. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)			Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		lagoon	outlet	seep
arsenic	1989	46.9	7.6J	–	2	3E, 0.02C
	1990	6.9J	5.2J	89.2J	2
	1991	–	–	2,600	4
barium	1989	241	133.J	–	2	700R
	1990	39.7J	77.3J	535	2
benzene	1991	–	–	24	4	1C
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1989	ND (10)	ND (10)	–	2	200R, 3C
	1990	5.J	ND (10)	ND (10)	2
cadmium	1981	–	5	–	1	7E, carcinogen
	1989	46.6	5.7	–	2
	1990	9.2J	3.J	ND (1.0)	2
chloroethane	1991	–	–	42	4	NA
chromium	1989	580	4.2J	–	2	10,000R (III) 50R, 3C (VI)
	1990	82.4J	ND (4.5)	ND (6.2)	2
cobalt	1989	15.1J	8.8J	–	2	NA
	1990	ND (7.7J)	6.6J	ND (11.3)	2
copper	1981	–	20	–	1	1,300MG
	1989	261	6.8J	–	2
	1990	37.8J	ND (4.2)	ND (10.8)	2
cyanide	1981	–	96	–	1	200R
	1989	49	ND (10)	–	2
	1990	19.5J	10.6	ND (10)	2
	1991	–	–	7	4
lead	1989	198.J	5.7J	–	2	15PL, carcinogen
	1990	29.9J	3.6J	ND (8.8)	2
manganese	1989	901	1,100	–	2	50R
	1990	248.J	716	1,000	2
nickel	1989	69.1	ND (28.5)	–	2	200R, carcinogen
	1990	ND (6.6)	ND (21)	ND (10.7)	2
PCBs (total)	1979	–	37.6	–	1	0.2E, 0.005C
	1981	–	0.33	–	1
	1989	7,300.J	4.J	–	2
	1990	490.J	9.J	ND (1.0)	2
selenium	1989	ND (2)	ND (2)	–	2	20E
	1990	2.9J	3.1J	ND (2.0)	2
silver	1989	67.8J	10.9	–	2	10R
	1990	ND (4.1J)	4.7	13.5J	2
thallium	1989	ND (2)	ND (2)	–	2	0.4A
	1990	ND (2)	ND (2)	2.5J	2
vanadium	1989	ND (6.9)	2.9	–	2	30Ei
	1990	ND (3.8)	ND (3.8)	11.2J	2
zinc	1989	8,850	321	–	2	3,000R
	1990	1,670.J	535	32.3	2
	1991	–	–	20	4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 5. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from Ypsilanti Drain No. 8 near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		upstream	downstream
arsenic	1990	98.2J	138.J	2	3E, 0.02C
barium	1990	97.9J	105.J	2	700R
boron	1982	–	140	1	100Ei
chloroform	1981	50	–	2	100E, 6C
	1982	–	7	1
copper	1981	25	–	2	1,300MG
1,2-dichloroethane	1981	12	–	2	0.4C
manganese	1982	–	200	1	50R
	1990	69.7	125	2
nickel	1981	65	–	2	200R, carcinogen
thallium	1990	3.1J	4.4J	2	0.4A
vanadium	1990	5.J	3.5J	2	30Ei
zinc	1981	65	–	2	3,000R
	1982	–	80	1
	1990	ND (7.5)	7.2	2

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 6. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples that included surface material from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		northwest (0-5.5')	southwest (0-1')
acetone	1990	110.J	ND (0.015J)	2	200R
antimony	1990	18.5J	ND (11.4J)	2	0.8R
arsenic	1990	8.3	7.2	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1990	436	14.2J	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1990	2.1J	ND (0.38)	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1990	1.3J	ND (0.38)	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1990	2.8J	ND (0.38)	2	carcinogen
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1990	1.6J	ND (0.38)	2	NA
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1990	4.9	ND (0.38)	2	40R, 50C
cadmium	1990	13.5	ND (0.76J)	2	1E, carcinogen
chromium (total)	1990	2,060	6.2	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
cobalt	1990	5.7J	2.2J	2	NA
copper	1990	295	3.1J	2	NA
cyanide	1990	33.2	ND (0.54)	2	40R
di-n-octylphthalate	1990	1.9J	ND (0.38)	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1990	1.9J	ND (0.38)	2	carcinogen
lead	1990	294	4.9J	2	carcinogen
manganese	1990	311	52.5	2	300R
nickel	1990	20.6	27.2	2	40R, carcinogen
PCBs (total)	1990	840	ND (0.2)	2	0.04E, 0.09C
selenium	1990	0.76J	0.48J	2	4E
silver	1990	19.6J	0.94J	2	10R
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1990	0.52J	ND	2	NA
vanadium	1990	11.1J	9.7	2	6Ei
zinc	1990	9,110	18.6	2	600R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 7. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in sludge samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)	Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
acetone	1989	830.J	2	200R
antimony	1989	82.5	2	0.8R
arsenic	1989	20	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1989	1,130	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1989	8.2J	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1989	11.J	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1989	19	2	carcinogen
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1989	2.8J	2	NA
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1989	110	2	40R, 50C
cadmium	1989	1,000.J	2	1E, carcinogen
chromium (total)	1989	22,300.J	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
chrysene	1989	13.J	2	carcinogen
cobalt	1989	19.5J	2	NA
copper	1989	468	2	NA
cyanide	1989	126.J	2	40R
dibenzofuran	1989	3.9J	2	NA
1,4-dichlorobenzene	1989	15.J	2	carcinogen
di-n-octylphthalate	1989	5.4	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1989	4.1J	2	carcinogen
lead	1989	855.J	2	carcinogen
manganese	1989	1,080.J	2	300R
mercury	1989	14.1J	2	NA
2-methylnaphthalene	1989	28	2	NA
naphthalene	1989	9.5J	2	NA
nickel	1989	54.8	2	40R, carcinogen
PCBs (total)	1989	8,300	2	0.04E, 0.09C
phenanthrene	1989	31	2	NA
selenium	1989	2.7J	2	4E
silver	1989	179	2	10R
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1989	0.065J	2	NA
vanadium	1989	22.5J	2	6Ei
zinc	1989	12,000.J	2	600R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 8. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in subsurface soil samples from the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)		Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		below lagoon	other borings
acetone	1989	2.9J	13.J	2	200R
arsenic	1989	16	18.9	2	0.6E, 0.4C
barium	1989	102	107	2	100R
benzo(a)anthracene	1989	2.8J	ND (0.43)	2	carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1989	1.1J	ND (0.43)	2	0.1C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1989	2.9J	ND (0.43)	2	carcinogen
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	1989	34.J	0.68	2	40R, 50C
chromium (total)	1989	32.3J	24.5	2	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
chrysene	1989	13.J	0.055J	2	carcinogen
cobalt	1989	13.1	15.3	2	NA
copper	1989	24.3	25.6	2	NA
1,4-dichlorobenzene	1989	1.8J	ND (0.42)	2	carcinogen
di-n-octylphthalate	1989	ND	0.049J	2	NA
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1989	1.3J	ND (0.43)	2	carcinogen
lead	1989	12.8	12.9J	2	carcinogen
manganese	1989	461	454	2	300R
2-methylnaphthalene	1989	10.J	0.072J	2	NA
naphthalene	1989	5.2J	ND (0.43)	2	NA
nickel	1989	31.7	49.6	2	40R, carcinogen
PCBs (total)	1989	50	ND (0.2)	2	0.04E, 0.09C
phenanthrene	1989	0.053J	0.08J	2	NA
selenium	1989	ND (3.9)	0.48J	2	4E
silver	1989	ND (0.2)	6.3J	2	10R
thallium	1989	ND (0.39)	0.5J	2	NA
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1989	ND (0.062)	0.43J	2	NA
vanadium	1989	38.2	24.5	2	6Ei
zinc	1989	70.6	73	2	600R

 

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 9. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in groundwater samples from a monitoring well on the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site, from the FIT study, 1982.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)	Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
arsenic	1982	36	1	3E, 0.02C
cadmium	1982	9	1	7E, carcinogen
lead	1982	52	1	15PL, carcinogen
manganese	1982	2,500	1	50R
zinc	1982	1,700	1	3,000R

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 10. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in surface water samples from Willow Run Creek near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppb)			Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		upstream	downstream
			above separator drain	below separator drain
arsenic	1990	66.8J	ND (50J)	–	2	3E, 0.02C
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
barium	1990	28.3J	31.3J	–	2	700R
	1991	30.9J	30.6J	32.8J	4
boron	1982	2,150	–	ND	1	100Ei
cadmium	1978	ND (10)	–	10	1	7E, carcinogen
	1982	2.5	–	8	1
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
chloroform	1978	20	–	10	1	100E, 6C
	1982	16	–	7	1
	1990	3.J	3.J	–	2
	1991	2.J	ND	ND	4
chromium (total)	1978	20	–	10	1	10,000R(III) 50R, 3C(VI)
	1982	14	–	ND	1
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
cyanide	1978	ND (10)	–	20	1	200R
	1982	15	–	ND	1
	1990	18.5	14.8	–	2
	1991	16.9	ND	ND	4
lead	1982	15	–	15	1	15PL, carcinogen
	1991	2.6J	3.2W	1.1J	4
manganese	1982	60	–	55	1	50R
	1990	48.6	51.1	–	2
	1991	29.2	25.J	30.2	4
nickel	1982	140	–	136	1	200R, carcinogen
	1991	9.J	5.5J	6.1J	4
silver	1990	2.6J	ND (0.7J)	–	2	50R
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
thallium	1990	4.2J	4.J	–	2	0.4A
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
vanadium	1990	1.9J	ND (1.4)	–	2	30Ei
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
zinc	1978	120	–	80	1	3,000R
	1982	1,930	–	220	1
	1990	31.8	30.9	–	2
	1991	28.7	22.1	24.3	4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J, W – Estimated Value

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 11. Concentrations of contaminants of concern in samples of sediment from Willow Run Creek near the Willow Run Sludge Lagoon Site.

Chemical	Date	Maximum Concentration (ppm)			Reference	Comparison Value (ppm)
		upstream	downstream
			above separator drain	below separator drain
arsenic	1990	22.5	12.9	–	2	0.6E, 0.4C
	1991	2.9	2.5	2.4	4
	1994	ND (7)	–	ND (7)	6
barium	1990	78.8	216	–	2	100R
	1991	29.7	23.9	37.1	4
	1994	250	–	24	6
benzo(a)anthracene	1990	0.24J	7.2J	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	0.37J	0.22J	0.55J	4
	1994	8	–	2.6	6
benzo(a)pyrene	1990	0.16J	6	–	2	0.1C
	1991	0.32J	0.43J	0.6J	4
	1994	12	–	0.78	6
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1990	0.16J	7.5	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	0.48J	0.33J	0.95	4
	1994	–	–	–	6
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	1990	0.19J	4.4J	–	2	NA
	1991	0.19J	0.14J	0.22J	4
	1994	2.1J	–	0.58J	6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	1990	0.16J	7.3J	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
	1994	–	–	–	6
cadmium	1990	0.74J	1.3J	–	2	1E, carcinogen
	1991	ND	0.54J	10.4	4
	1994	ND (4)	–	ND (4)	6
chromium (total)	1978	–	–	19	1	2,000R (III) 10R, 60C (VI)
	1990	19.9	158	–	2
	1991	6.5	16.9	18.9	4
	1994	17	–	19	6
chrysene	1990	0.3J	13.J	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	0.47J	0.29J	0.89J	4
	1994	12	–	0.48	6
cobalt	1990	8.J	5.4J	–	2	NA
	1991	3.4J	3.3J	2.9J	4
	1994	8	–	9	6
copper	1978	–	–	7.2	1	NA
	1990	17.1	34.3	–	2
	1991	8.6	8.7	6.5	4
	1994	ND (7)	–	ND (7)	6
cyanide	1978	–	–	0.15	1	40R
	1990	ND	ND	–	2
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
	1994	ND (0.4)	–	ND (0.4)	6
dibenz(a,h)anthracene	1990	ND (1.1)	3.J	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	ND	0.04J	0.1J	4
	1994	1.3	–	1.9	6
1,4-dichlorobenzene	1990	ND (0.98)	0.22J	–	2	carcinogen
di-n-octylphthalate	1990	0.1J	ND (1.1)	–	2	NA
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
	1994	ND (7)	–	ND (7)	6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	1990	0.17J	4.9J	–	2	carcinogen
	1991	0.16J	0.11J	0.22J	4
	1994	8.2	–	ND (0.33)	6
lead	1978	–	–	13	1	carcinogen
	1990	15.4	116	–	2
	1991	5.8	8.5	11.2	4
	1994	53	–	17	6
manganese	1990	1,460	248	–	2	300R
	1991	167	251	79	4
	1994	420	–	250	6
2-methylnaphthalene	1991	ND	0.013J	0.063J	4	NA
	1994	ND	–	ND	6
naphthalene	1991	ND	ND	0.047J	4	NA
	1994	ND	–	ND	6
nickel	1978	–	–	7.4	1	40R, carcinogen
	1990	21.5	18.7	–	2
	1991	10.8J	10.5	13.6	4
	1994	7	–	16	6
PCBs	1978	–	–	0.31	1	0.04E, 0.09C
	1990	4.1	62	–	2
	1991	0.3J	0.57J	4.3	4
	1994	0.019	–	0.54J	6
phenanthrene	1990	0.29J	11.J	–	2	NA
	1991	0.47J	0.17J	1.3	4
	1994	11	–	0.48	6
thallium	1990	0.72J	ND (0.65)	–	2	NA
	1991	ND	ND	ND	4
	1994	ND (7)	–	ND (7)	6
vanadium	1990	33.8	16.3	–	2	6Ei
	1991	9.9J	9.5J	7.1J	4
	1994	8	–	11	6
zinc	1978	–	–	65	1	600R
	1990	71.7	526	–	2
	1991	42.6	50.7	83.2	4
	1994	33	–	78	6

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
Ei – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs), intermediate-term exposure
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

Table 12. Concentrations of chemicals of concern in surface water samples from ponds along Willow Run Creek.

Chemical	Date	Water Body(7)				Reference	Comparison Value (ppb)
		GM P.	T.P.	E.P.	B.L.
acetone	1991	5.J	30	ND	ND	4	1,000R
barium	1991	76.4J	68.7J	32.1J	45.4J	4	700R
benzo(a)anthracene	1991	ND	1.J	ND	ND	4	0.1MP, carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene	1991	ND	1.J	ND	ND	4	0.2M, 0.005C
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1991	ND	2.J	ND	ND	4	0.2MP, carcinogen
cadmium	1982	3	ND	8	–	1	7E, carcinogen
chloroform	1982	ND	ND	7	ND	1	100E, 6C
	1991	ND	0.7J	ND	ND	4
chromium (total)	1978	ND (10)	30	ND (10)	–	1	10,000R (III) 50R, 3C (VI)
chrysene	1991	ND	2.J	ND	ND	4	0.2MP, carcinogen
copper	1978	10	ND (10)	ND (10)	–	1	1,300MG
cyanide	1978	10	10	10	–	1	200R
	1979	–	–	–	10	1
di-n-octylphthalate	1991	ND	0.4J	ND	ND	4	NA
lead	1982	14	13	15	–	1	15PL, carcinogen
	1991	1.1J	2.1J	8.3N	5.4NM	4
manganese	1982	124	32	55	–	1	50R
	1991	79.9	95.4	40	16.2	4
nickel	1978	ND (50)	60	ND (50)	–	1	200R, carcinogen
	1982	–	–	136	136	1
	1991	ND	ND	7.4J	5.2J	4
PCBs (total)	1976	–	0.11	0.1	–	1	0.2E, 0.005C
phenanthrene	1991	ND	2.J	ND	ND	4	NA
selenium	1982	3	ND	ND	–	1	20E
trichloroethylene	1991	ND	3.J	ND	ND	4	3C
zinc	1978	20	20	80	–	1	3,000R
	1979	–	–	–	50	1
	1982	46	54	220	–	1
	1991	9.7J	8.J	45.2	15.8J	4

Only chemicals that were detected are listed

Bolded chemicals exceed comparison values.

Concentrations in parts per billion (ppb)

ND – Not Detected (with detection limit)

J – Estimated Value

– = Sampling Site Not Sampled or Chemical Not Analyzed For

NA – None Available

carcinogen – Carcinogen (proven, probable, or possible) but no CREG available

(III) – For chromium(III)

(VI) – For chromium(VI)

Comparison Value Bases
E – ATSDR Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs)
R – ATSDR Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs), calculated from U.S. EPA Reference Dose, assuming child ingestion
A – U.S. EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory (Lifetime)
PL– U.S. EPA Proposed Action Level for Lead in Drinking Water
M– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level
MG– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MP– U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Level, Proposed
C – ATSDR Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs), for 1 x 10^-6 estimated excess cancer risk (a significant additional risk of developing cancer is taken to be one additional case of cancer in a population of 1 million people experiencing the exposure)

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