ATSDR-PHA-HC-U.S. Defense General Supply Center-p4

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PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

U.S. DEFENSE GENERAL SUPPLY CENTER
RICHMOND, CHESTERFIELD COUNTY, VIRGINIA

Table 1: 1990 Census Data for DGSC Area

Table 1.
Human Health Effects at Various Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Air

	Block Group 1	Block Group 2	Block Group 3

Total persons	1,231	213	142
% Male	33.3	46.0	63.4
% Female	66.7	54.0	36.6

% White	51.7	94.4	69.7
% Black	47.3	4.2	26.1
% Other races	1.0	1.4	4.2

% Younger than 10	44.9	9.4	21.8
% Age 65 and over	2.4	15.5	2.1

Households*	480	100	33
Persons per household	2.56	2.13	3.03
% Owner occupied	6.2	58.0	6.1
% Renter occupied	93.8	42.0	93.9
Median value of owner- occupied units	$55,000	$49,400	$50,000
Median monthly rent for renter- occupied units	$351	$335	$510

Reference: U.S. Bureau of the Census 1991

*= A household is defined as an occupied housing unit but doesnot include group quarters such as military barracks,prisons, and college dormitories.

Table 2.
Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for the Open Storage Area
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)
	Groundwater

1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL*-10	0.058^a
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-140	0^b
Trichloroethylene	BDL-210	0^b

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Limit
a= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor
b= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

Table 3.
Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for Area 50
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)

Benzene	BDL*-6.4	0^a
Chlorobenzene	BDL-1,500	200^b
1,2-Dichloroethane	BDL-17	0^a
1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL-19	0.058^c
T-1,2-Dichloroethylene	BDL-13,000	100^a
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-3,000	0^a
Trichloroethylene	BDL-18,000	0^a
Vinyl Chloride	BDL-65	0^a
Benzo(a)anthracene	NT**-7	0^a
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	NT-14	0^a
Chrysene	NT-9	0^a

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Limit
**NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for all samples
a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
b= Calculated from the Reference Dose for ingestion by a child
c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor

Table 4.
Contaminants of Concern for the National Guard Area
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)			Comparison Values (ppb)
	Groundwater		Surface Water
	Inside NGA*	Outside NGA

Arsenic	NT**	NT	BDL***-520	0.0022^a
Beryllium	NT	NT	NT-0.41	0.0068^a
Lead	NT	NT	BDL-430	50^a
Nickel	NT	NT	NT-230	13.4^a
Benzene	BDL-6.4	BDL	BDL	0^b
1,2-Dichloroethane	BDL-190	BDL-8.2	NI****	0^b
1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL-45	BDL-7.1	NI	0.058^c
T-1,2-Dichloroethylene	BDL-620	BDL-850	BDL-110	100^b
1,2-Dichloropropane	BDL-240	BDL	NI	0^b
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-1,100	BDL-37	BDL-5	0^b
Trichloroethylene	BDL-7,100	BDL-2,400	BDL-190	0^b
PAHs Chrysene	NT	NT	NT-16	0.0028^a
Indeno(1,2,3)Pyrene	NI	NI	NT-47	0.0028^a

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989b, CH2M Hill 1991)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.


NGA= National Guard Area NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for samples BDL= Below Detection Limit **NI= No information on the chemical for the medium	a= Ambient Water Quality Criteria--surface water b= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--groundwater

Table 5.
Contaminants of Concern for the Fire Training Area
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)								Comparison Values (ppb)
	Groundwater				Soils		Soil Gas
	1982	1985	1987	1988	Surface	Subsurface	October	November

Arsenic	NT*	BDL@	BDL-13	BDL-6.9	1000- 10,000	BDL- 21,000	NI**	NI	0^a
Beryllium	NT	BDL	BDL-5.2	BDL-2.5	BDL-920	BDL-940	NI	NI	0^a
Chromium (hexavalent)	NT	45-180	NT	NT	7,000- 20,000	BDL- 19,000	NI	NI	50^b
Lead	BDL	4.7-14	BDL-15	BDL-35	15,000- 102,000	2,300- 52,000	NI	NI	0^a
Carbon Tetrachloride	NT	BDL	BDL- 2,600	BDL	NI	NI	NI	NI	0^a
1,1-Dichloroethylene	BDL- 18,000	BDL- 5,200	BDL-260	BDL- 6,500	NI	NI	<1- 530⁺	<1- 245⁺	0.058^c
Methylene Chloride	BDL- 781,000	BDL- 3,700	BDL-40	BDL- 53,000	B***	6.2-46	NI	NI	50^b
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL- 21,000	BDL- 19,000	BDL- 1,500	BDL- 16,000	BDL	BDL- 130,000	<0.05- 15	<0.05- 2.4	0^a
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	BDL- 154,000	2.2- 78,000	BDL-560	BDL- 52,000	BDL	BDL- 7,300	NI	NI	200^a
Trichloroethylene	BDL- 154,000	1- 110,000	BDL- 3,400	BDL- 8,700	BDL	BDL- 76,000	<0.05- 31	<0.05- 14	0^a
Chlordane	NI	NI	NI	NI	BDL- 3,200	BDL	NI	NI	0.54^c

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989c)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*NT= Analysis for chemical not performed on all samples; **NI= No information on the chemical in the medium; ***B= Chemical present in all blanks
+= Chemical may have been 1,1-Dichloroethane; instrument cannot distinguish; @BDL= Below Detection Limit
a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater; b= Environmental Media Evaluation Guide--drinking water; c= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--soil

Table 6.
Groundwater Contaminants of Concern for the Acid Neutralization Pits
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)		Comparison Values (ppb)
	1987	1988	Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

Arsenic	BDL-4.3	BDL-2.2	0
Lead	BDL-2.3	BDL-5.1	0
1,2-Dichloroethane	BDL-440	BDL-170	0
T-1,2-Dichloroethylene	BDL-140	NT*	100
Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-1,800	BDL-3,700	0
Trichloroethylene	BDL-1,400	BDL-940	0

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989a)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*NT= Analysis for chemical not performed for samples

Table 7.
Groundwater Contaminants of Concern in Monitoring Wells for Building 112
October 1992
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)


Total Lead	13-56	50^a
Total Beryllium	6-16	0.008^b
Total Chromium	27-130	50^c

Reference: (Law Environmental, Inc. 1993)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Maximum Contaminant Level--groundwater
b= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide--groundwater
c= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide for children--groundwater

Table 8.
Groundwater Contaminants of Concern in Monitoring Wells for the Fuel Oil Storage Area
October 1992
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)


1,1,2-Trichloroethane	<0.9-40	0.6^a
Tetrachloroethene	<1.0-3.2	0.7^a
Trichloroethene	<0.6-300,000^(A)	3.0^a
Vinyl Chloride	<5.0-240^(B)	2.0^a
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	<0.6-1,500^(A)	100.0^b
Benzene	<0.2-5.2	5.0^b
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	<5.0-660	600.0^b
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	<6.0-480	75.0^b
Total Lead	27-49	50.0^b
Total Chromium	35-78	50.0^c

Reference: (Law Environmental, Inc. 1993)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide--groundwater
b= Maximum Contaminant Level--groundwater
c= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide for children--groundwater

A= Estimated concentration due to the dilution factor being greater than 10x.
B= Estimated concentration; concentration detected in the samples exceeded the calibration range of the instrument. Other samples had concentrationsbelow the detection limit.

Table 9

Table 9.
Contaminants of Concern in Private Wells (Rayon Park Area) May, 1985-January, 1987
Chemical	Concentration Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)


Benzene	<0.1-1.4	0^a
1,2-Dichloroethane	<0.2-6.2	0^a
1,1-Dichloroethylene	<0.1-41	0.058^b
Tetrachloroethylene	<0.1-4.9	0^a
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	<0.2-500	200^a
Trichloroethylene	<0.1-5.2	0^a

Reference: (Chesterfield Health District 1987)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

a= Maximum Contaminant Level Goal--groundwater
b= Calculated from the Cancer Slope Factor--ingestion

Table 10:

Table 10.
Surface Water Contaminants of Concern in Kingsland Creek
Chemical	Contaminant Ranges (ppb)	Comparison Values (ppb)
		Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Tetrachloroethylene	BDL-4.6J*	0.8
Trichloroethylene	BDL-18	2.7

Reference: (Dames and Moore 1989c)
Refer to the Beginning of the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards section for a description of how contaminants of concern are selected.

*BDL= Below Detection Level
**J= Laboratory Estimated Value

APPENDIX B. COMPARISON VALUES, HEALTH GUIDELINES,
AND QUANTITATIVE UNITS

COMPARISON VALUES, HEALTH GUIDELINES, AND QUANTITATIVE UNITS

Comparison values for ATSDR public health assessments arecontaminant concentrations in specific media that are used as anaid to select contaminants for further evaluation. Those valuesusually appear in the Environmental Contamination and OtherHazards and the Public Health Implications section of thisdocument. Health guidelines, which usually appear in the PublicHealth Implications sections of this public health assessment,provide concentrations used to estimate a dose at which healtheffects might or might not be observed. Quantitative unitsexpress the amount of contaminant that has been detected inspecific media. Those units are usually first discussed in theEnvironmental Contamination and Other Hazards section; they aredescribed below.

Comparison Values and Health Guidelines

* AWQC	= Ambient Water Quality Criteria
* CREG	= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides
* CSF	= Cancer Slope Factor
* EMEG	= Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
* LTHA	= Lifetime Health Advisory
* MCL	= Maximum Contaminant Level
* MCLG	= Maximum Contaminants Level Goal
* MRL	= Minimal Risk Level
* LOAEL	= Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
* NOAEL	= No Observed Adverse Effect Level
* RfC	= Reference Concentration
* RfD	= Reference Dose
* RMEG	= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide
Quantitative Units
* ppm	= parts per million, (milligrams per liter, mg/L of water)
* ppb	= parts per billion, (micrograms per liter, µg/L water)
* mg/kg	= milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg; soil, sediment, or solid)
* µg/kg	= micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg soil; sediment, or solid)
* kg	= kilogram
* mg	= milligram
* µg	= microgram
* L	= liter

Definition of Comparison Values and Health Guidelines

AWQC	Ambient Water Quality Criteria are the recommended maximumpermissible pollutant concentrations protective of aquaticorganisms. They are federally enforceable.
CREG	Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDR fromthe EPA Cancer Slope Factor. They represent an estimatedconcentration in water, soil, or air that would beexpected to cause no more than one excess cancer in amillion (10E-6) persons exposed over a lifetime.
CSF	A Cancer Slope Factor is usually, but not always, the upper 95th percentile confidence limit of the slope for the dose-response curve. A CSF is developed for a probable or likely carcinogen and is expressed as (mg/kg/day)^-1. When data permit, slope factors listed in IRIS are based on absorbed doses, although many of them are based on administered doses.
EMEG	Environmental Media Evaluation Guides are derived by ATSDRfrom ATSDR's Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) and factor in bodyweight and ingestion rates. An EMEG is the concentrationof a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air atwhich daily human exposure is unlikely to result inadverse noncarcinogenic effects.
LTHA	A Lifetime Health Advisory represents contaminantconcentrations that EPA considers protective ofnoncarcinogenic health effects during a lifetime (70years) of exposure. Drinking water concentrations aredeveloped to predict acceptable exposure levels for bothadults and children when data on a NOAEL or LOAEL existfrom animal or human studies. LTHAs are not enforceablestandards.
MCL	Maximum Contaminant Levels represent contaminantconcentrations that EPA deems protective of public health(considering the availability and economics of watertreatment technology) over a lifetime (70 years) at anexposure rate of 2 liters of water per day. MCLs areenforceable standards.
MCLG	Maximum Contaminants Level Goal is a proposed,nonenforceable drinking water health goal recommended byEPA and set at a level at which no known or anticipatedadverse human health effects are expected to occur.
MRL	A Minimal Risk Level is an estimate of daily humanexposure to a chemical that is likely to be without anappreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over aspecified duration of exposure. MRLs are based on humanand animal studies and are reported for acute (< 14 days),intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (> 365 days)exposures. MRLs are published in ATSDR ToxicologicalProfiles for specific chemicals.
LOAEL	Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level is the lowestexposure level at which there are statistically orbiologically significant increases in frequency orseverity of adverse health effects between the exposedpopulation and its appropriate control group. LOAELs maybe used to estimate a dose at which people are notexpected to develop adverse health effects. LOAELs arepublished in ATSDR Toxicological Profiles for specificchemicals.
NOAEL	A No Observed Adverse Effect Level is an exposure level atwhich there are no statistically or biologicallysignificant increases in frequency or severity of adversehealth effects between the exposed population and itsappropriate control group. NOAELs may be used to estimatea dose at which people are not expected to develop adversehealth effects. NOAELs are published in ATSDRToxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.
RfC	EPA's Reference Concentration is an estimate of the dailyinhalation exposure to a contaminant (including sensitivesubpopulations) that is unlikely to cause noncanceroushealth effects during a lifetime exposure (chronic RfC) orduring a limited time interval (subchronic RfC).
RfD	EPA's Reference Dose is an estimate of the daily oralexposure to a contaminant (including sensitive subgroups)that is unlikely to cause noncancerous health effectsduring a lifetime exposure (chronic RfD) or during alimited time interval (subchronic RfD).
RMEG	Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides are derived byATSDR from EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) and factor in bodyweight and ingestion rates. An RMEG is the concentrationof a particular contaminant in water, soil, or air atwhich daily human exposure is unlikely to result inadverse noncarcinogenic effects.

Table of Contents

Public Health Assessments & Health Consultations

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Table 8.

Table 9.

Table 10.

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