PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

NATIONAL LEAD INDUSTRIES/TARACORP LEAD SMELT SITE
GRANITE CITY, MADISON COUNTY,ILLINOIS

APPENDIX A. FIGURES

Figure 1. Site Map of Taracorp/N.L. Industries.

Figure 2. Adjacent Properties Map.

Figure 3. On-Site Waste Sample Locations.

Figure 4. On-Site Surface Soil Locations.

Figure 5. Monitoring Well Locations.

Figure 6. Storm Water and Storm Water Sediment Sample Locations.

Figure 7. Off-Site Surface Soil Sample Locations.

Figure 8. Lead Concentrations Map.

Figure 9. Off-Site Well Location Map.

Figure 10. Ambient Air Monitoring Locations.

Figure 11. Garden Sample Locations.

APPENDIX B. TABLES

The tables in this section contain the following acronyms and abbreviations:

EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

IDPH = Illinois Department of Public Health

Illinois EPA = Illinois Environmental Protection Agency

CREG = Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide

EMEG = Environmental Media Evaluation Guide

LTHA = Lifetime Drinking Water Health Advisory

ND = Data Not Available

PMCLG = Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

PPM = Parts Per Million

RFD = Reference Dose

ICRC = Inhalation Cancer Risk Concentration

REF = Data Reference

FREQ = Number of Times the Sample Concentration was above the Comparison Value per Number of Samples

Table 1.

1993 Toxic Release Inventory data for zip codes 62040, 62060, 62090.

Company	Compound	Air Release (lbs/yr)	Water Release (lbs/yr)	Land Disposal (lbs/yr)	Total
Affiliated Metal Co.	Sulfuric acid	No Data	0	0	0
Air Products Mfg. Corp.	Sulfuric acid	6	No Data	0	6
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Anthracene	1,000	No Data	0	1,000
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Benzene	11,330	No Data	0	11,330
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Biphenyl	1,000	No Data	0	1,000
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Cresol	1,000	No Data	0	1,000
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Naphthalene	3,443	No Data	0	3,443
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Phenol	33,330	No Data	0	33,330
Reilly Ind. Inc.	Xylene	1,425	No Data	0	1,435
Taracorp Ind.	Lead	50	No Data	0	50
Taracorp Ind.	Antimony	0	No Data	0	0
Precoat Metals	Methyl Ethyl Ketone	31,652	No Data	0	31,652
Precoat Metals	N-Butanol	10,829	No Data	0	10,829
Precoat Metals	Toluene	1,371	No Data	0	1,371
Precoat Metals	Xylene	13,356	No Data	0	13,356
Precoat Metals	Methyl Isobutyl Ketone	3,378	No Data	0	3,378
Precoat Metals	Glycol Ethers	26,811	No Data	0	26,811
Precoat Metals	Antimony	176	No Data	0	176
Precoat Metals	Chromium	701	No Data	0	701
Granite City Steel	Aluminum	6,040	10,000	210,064	226,104
Granite City Steel	Ammonia	21,900	47,000	0	68,900
Granite City Steel	Anthracene	350	0	0	350
Granite City Steel	Barium	1,008	4,200	5,100	10,308
Granite City Steel	Benzene	22,000	5	0	22,005
Granite City Steel	Chromium	550	650	191,100	192,300
Granite City Steel	Copper	772	580	4,910	6,262
Granite City Steel	Cresol	675	0	0	675
Granite City Steel	Cyanide	290	950	0	1,240
Granite City Steel	Dibenzofuran	274	0	0	274
Granite City Steel	Ethylene Glycol	49,000	310	5,300	54,610
Granite City Steel	Ethylene	18,500	No Data	0	18,500
Granite City Steel	Hydrochloride Acid	4,900	0	15	4,915
Granite City Steel	Ethylbenzene	743	0	0	743
Granite City Steel	Lead	1,470	635	101,000	103,105
Granite City Steel	Manganese	9,300	9,000	576,000	594,300
Granite City Steel	Methanol	94,000	No Data	35	94,035
Granite City Steel	Naphthalene	1,960	2	0	1,962
Granite City Steel	Phenol	445	400	0	845
Granite City Steel	Phosphoric Acid	30,000	0	110	30,110
Granite City Steel	Sulfuric Acid	820	0	360	1,180
Granite City Steel	Toluene	3,600	0	0	3,600
Granite City Steel	Xylene	1,700	0	0	1,700
Granite City Steel	Zinc	98,000	3,000	3,569,000	3,670,000
Granite City Steel	Chlorine	4,255	660	0	4,915
Granite City Pickling	Hydrochloric Acid	3,050	No Data	0	3,050
Am. Steel Foundries	Chromium	0	No Data	0	0
Heidtman Steel Product	Chromium	5	No Data	0	5
Heidtman Steel Product	Nickel	5	No Data	0	5
Heidtman Steel Product	Hydrochloric Acid	1,000	No Data	0	1,000
Spectralite Consortium	Chromium	255	No Data	0	255
Spectralite Consortium	Zinc	1,500	No Data	0	1,500
Spectralite Consortium	Copper	1,000	No Data	0	1,000
Spectralite Consortium	Manganese	500	No Data	0	500
TOTALS		520,725	77,392	4,662,979	5,261,121

Table 2.

Chemicals of interest in on-site waste pile slag.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
COPPER	5800-11000	1/87	32	NA	NA
LEAD	15000-37300	1/87	32	NA	NA
ZINC	2430-11170	1/87	32	NA	NA
ARSENIC	620-2200	1/87	32	210	RFD
ANTIMONY	410-1600	1/87	32	280	RFD

* - Mercury concentrations below detection limits

Table 3.

Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity for slag samples from the largest pile.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	EP TOXIC MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL
ARSENIC	<0.005-0.021	1/87	32	5.0
CADMIUM	0.02-0.06	1/87	32	1.0
CHROMIUM	<0.05*	1/87	32	5.0
LEAD	147-312	1/87	32	5.0

* - All Chromium Samples <0.05 Note: Results in mg/kg

Table 4.

Analyses of the upper layers of the largest waste pile.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	6-6400	1/87	32	140	EMEG
COPPER	2.9-5600	1/87	32	NA	NA
LEAD	45000-279000	1/87	32	NA	NA
MERCURY	<0.5-1.6	1/87	32	NA	NA
ZINC	15.3-13840	1/87	32	NA	NA
ARSENIC	130-2200	1/87	32	210	RFD
ANTIMONY	630-6400	1/87	32	280	RFD

Table 5.

Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity for upper layer samples.

CONTAMINATION	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	EP TOXIC MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL
ARSENIC	<0.005-0.019	1/87	32	5.0
CADMIUM	<0.02-6.3	1/87	32	1.0
CHROMIUM	<0.05*	1/87	32	5.0
LEAD	<0.63-69	1/87	32	5.0

* - All Chromium Samples <0.05

Table 6.

Chemicals of interest in the SLLR waste pile surface materials.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	15-7000	1/87	32	140	EMEG
COPPER	260-4900	1/87	32	NA	NA
LEAD	105000-286000	1/87	32	NA	NA
MERCURY	<0.5-2.0	1/87	32	NA	NA
ZINC	383-42100	1/87	32	NA	NA
ARSENIC	5.6-4100	1/87	32	210	RFD
ANTIMONY	200-2900	1/87	32	280	RFD

Table 7.

Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity for SLLR surface materials.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	EP TOXIC MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL
ARSENIC	0.108	1/87	32	5.0
CADMIUM	0.04	1/87	32	1.0
CHROMIUM	<0.05	1/87	32	5.0
LEAD	160	1/87	32	5.0

Table 8.

Chemicals of interest in drummed material.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	18-2700	1/87	32	140	EMEG
COPPER	89*	1/87	32	NA	NA
LEAD	237000-239500	1/83	27	NA	NA
MERCURY	106*	1/87	32	NA	NA
ARSENIC	3.7-400	1/83	27	210	RFD
ANTIMONY	81*	1/87	32	280	RFD

* - ONLY ONE DRUMMED SAMPLE ANALYZED FOR THIS CHEMICAL

Table 9.

Extraction Procedure(EP) toxicity for drummed materials.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	EP TOXIC MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL
ARSENIC	0-<0.005	1/87	32	5.0
CADMIUM	<0.01-15.5	5/83	27	1.0
CHROMIUM	<0.05	1/87	32	5.0
LEAD	41-1900	1/87	32	5.0

Table 10.

Chemicals of interest for on-site surface soil.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
LEAD	14800-300000	1/87	32	NA	NA
ZINC	142*	1/87	32	NA	NA

* ONLY ONE ON-SITE SURFACE SOIL SAMPLE WAS ANALYZED FOR THESE COMPOUNDS.

Table 11.

Chemicals of interest for on-site subsurface soils.

DEPTH	CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
1'-20'	LEAD ZINC	9-2700 27-2200	1982 1983	27 28	NA NA	NA NA
>20'	LEAD ZINC	7-67 20-250	1983 1983	28 28	NA NA	NA NA

>

Table 12.

On-site monitoring well information.

WELL	INSTALLATION DATE	INSTALLER	SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLES	SAMPLING DATES
101	NOV. 1982	TARACORP	YES	11/82; 1/83; 2/83; 6/83; 8/83; 10/83; 1/87; 4/87; 8/87; 11/87
104	NOV. 1982	TARACORP	NO	11/82; 1/83; 2/83; 6/83; 8/83; 10/83; 1/87; 4/87; 8/87; 11/87
105S 105D 106S 106D 107S 107D 108S 108D	JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983 JULY 1983	Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA Illinois EPA	YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO	8/83; 11/83; 1/87; 4/87; 8/87; 11/87*

* All wells constructed in July 1983 were sampled on the six dates shown in the last column.

Table 13.

Chemicals of interest in on-site wells.

CONTAMINANT	RANGE (ppm)	FREQ	WELL #	DATES	REF	COMPARISON VALUE
						(ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	0-17	11/44	105D 106S&D 108S&D	83 87	27 32	0.007	EMEG
SULFATE	100-2950	15/45	101 107S&D 108S&D	83 87	27 32	400	PMCLG
LEAD	0-0.06	16/40*	101 104 106D 107S&D 108S&D	83 87	27 32	0.015	USEPA action level
NICKEL	0-0.1	9/45	107D 108S&D	83 87	27 32	0.1	LTHA
ARSENIC	0-0.1	11/45	101 107D	83 87	27 32	0.011	RFD

* Frequency of detection.

Table 14.

Personal air monitoring program lead exposure for 1987.

DEPARTMENT	RANGE (mg/m3)	#SAMPLES/ #QUARTERS	#PERSON IN DEPT.
Mixed Metals "A" Mixed Metals "A" Dross Mixed Metals "B" General Services Maintenance Powdered Metal/Flux Shot Brittania Sheet Lead/Lead Wool Sheet Lead Extrusion Staff	0.005-2.71 0.105-1.03 0.005-0.194 0.00-0.215 0.002-6.76 0.016-2.59 0.002-1.61 0.00-0.057 0.008-0.132 0.002-0.274 0.00-0.09 0.002-0.072	42/52 5/12 33/32 17/20 40/40 20/20 52/41 12/16 9/20 41/60 56/56 11/10	13 2 8 5 10 5 13 4 5 15 14 5

Table 15.

1987 Personal air monitoring program for arsenic exposure at Taracorp.

DEPARTMENT	RANGE (mg/m3)	# OF EMPLOYEES	# SAMPLES/ # QUARTERS
Mixed Metals A Mixed Metals A"Dross" General Services Maintenance Shot	0.00008-0.121 0.0009-0.014 0.0005-0.002 0.0004-1.32 0.00-0.061	13 3 1 1 8	42/52 5/12 4/4 4/4 16/32

Table 16.

Lead in environmental samples: soil, dust, and water.

Environmental sample	N	Mean Lead	Minimum	Maximum	Standard Deviation
Soil-dry composite	375	450	37	3,010	411
Dust by weight (mg/kg)	371	1,283	5.2	71,000	5,236
Dust by surface (µg/m2)*	367	885	1.6	58,800	4,489
Tap water µg/L (ppb)	373	3.3	<2	96	8
Indoor paint (mg/cm2)**	372	1.2	0	10.4	1.6
Outdoor paint (mg/cm2)**	380	5.3	0	31.2	6.4

*The "dust load" was calculated by dividing the dust sample weight by the surface area vacuumed and multiplying this ratio by the dust lead concentration.

** The paint values represent means of 18 indoor and 12 outside readings. Readings of zero were included in the calculations.

Table 17.

Chemicals of interest in off-site surface soils.

CONTAMINANT	CONCENTRATION RANGE (ppm)	DATE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	0.4-15.7	1989	11	0.4	EMEG
CHROMIUM	3-150	1989	27	10	RFD
LEAD	2-9493	1983	11	NA	NA
NICKEL	14-84	1989	11	40	RFD
ZINC	13-4000	1983	27	NA	NA
ANTIMONY	2-80	1983	27	0.8	RFD
ARSENIC	1-1845	1989	11	0.6	RFD

Table 18.

Surface soil data for lead.

RADIUS IN MILES	RANGE (ppm)	NUMBER OF SAMPLES	COMMON RANGE IN SOIL (ppm)
0-1/4	145-9493	40	2-200
1/4-1/2	91-5034	48	2-200
1/2-3/4	116-2940	40	2-200
3/4-1	2-570	23	2-200

Table 19.

Chemicals of interest in off-site wells

CONTAMINANT	RANGE (ppm)	DATES	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (ppm)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	0-0.002	1987	32	0.002	EMEG
SULFATE	100-2950	1983	27	400	PMCLG
LEAD	0-0.28	1987	32	0	PMCLG
BORON	0.2-1.6	1983	27	0.9	RFD
MANGANESE	0.0-1.06	1987	32	1.0	RFD

Table 20.

Air monitoring results for lead from 1977-1990 (g/m³

LOCATION	77	78	79	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89	90
2000 Edison 23rd and Madison 3201 E. 23rd 2001 E. 20th 15th and Madison Roosevelt & Rock Park 2040 Johnson Road E. 23rd and Nameoki Norfolk and Western 19th & Adams 20th & Adams 17th and Cleveland	1.09 1.09 0.7 0.7 2.08 1.02 0.82 1.03 0.41 - - -	0.84 0.88 0.69 1.11 3.2 1.26 0.74 0.94 0.57 3.0 - -	0.8 0.8 0.68 1.08 2.71 1.25 0.64 0.96 0.48 1.4 - -	- 0.47 - 0.52 1.75 0.82 0.39 0.52 0.31 0.55 - -	- 0.43 - 0.51 3.03 0.83 0.34 0.47 0.31 0.78 0.68 -	- - - - 1.36 1.23 - - - 0.7 0.71 -	- 0.35 - - 0.63 0.37 - - - 0.42 0.4 0.78	- 0.29 - - 0.75 0.29 - - - 0.27 0.27 0.58	- 0.2 - 0.23 0.38 0.2 - - - 0.19 0.18 0.33	- 0.17 - 0.19 0.31 - - - - 0.16 0.16 0.33	- 0.2 - 0.2 0.3 - - - - - - 0.32	- 0.12 - 0.13 0.26 - - - - - - -	- 0.13 - 0.16 0.24 - - - - - - -	- 0.13 - 0.16 0.21 - - - - - - -

Table 21.

Off-site contamination concentrations in air for the years 1977-1982.

CHEMICAL	CONC. RANGE USING YEARLY ARITHMETIC MEANS (µg/m3)	HIGH YEAR	SITE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (µg/m3)	SOURCE
CADMIUM	0.0045-0.011	78	6	13	0.2	EMEG
COPPER*	0.12-0.29	78	1	-	NA	NA
LEAD	0.41-3.2	78	4	13	NA	NA
ZINC*	0.35-1.67	77	5	12	NA	NA
ARSENIC	0.004-0.039	78	4	13	0.00023	ICRC
MANGANESE	0.153-1.335	78	6	13	2.0	EMEG

* Copper and zinc were only sampled in 1977 and 1978. Selenium and nickel were not analyzed in the samples until 1984. Chromium was not analyzed in samples until 1985.

Table 22.

Off-site contamination concentrations in air for the years 1983-1990.

CHEMICAL	CONC. RANGE USING YEARLY ARITHMETIC MEANS (µg/m3)	HIGH YEAR	SITE	REF	COMPARISON VALUE (µg/m3)	SOURCE
LEAD	0.12-0.78	83	3	18	NA	NA
ARSENIC	0.002-0.019	84	4	19	0.00023	ICRC
NICKEL	0.001-0.021	88	6	23	0.009	EMEG
SELENIUM	0.002-0.006	89	6	24	NA	NA
CHROMIUM	0.002-0.032	87	6	22	0.02*	EMEG

* - Based on Chromium VI

Table 23.

Vegetable analyses.

SAMPLE	LEAD CONCENTRATIONS (ppm)
SOIL	1500	1200	1100	680	97**	53
TOMATOES PEPPERS BANANA PEPPERS OKRA CAULIFLOWER* CARROTS CABBAGE CUCUMBER PEAS SQUASH BEETS BEET LEAVES EGGPLANT	0.122 0.119 0.134 - 0.198 - - - - - - - -	0.035 0.053 - - - - 0.633 0.083 - - - - -	0.066 - - 0.128 - 0.392 - - - - - - 0.048	0.028 - - 0.641 - - - - - 0.124 0.087 0.058 -	0.007 0.007 0.010 0.014 - - - - - - - - -	0.005 - 0.010 0.020 - - - - 0.002 - - - -

* The cauliflower was frozen
** The vegetables in the 97 ppm column were collected from two gardens across the street from each other. A soil sample was taken from only one garden.

Source: Illinois EPA, 1982 (Reference #27)

Table 24.

Distribution of blood lead levels (BPbs) by age of participant*.

Age of Participant	6-71 Months	6-15 Years	>15 Years	Total
Total Number	490	214	123	827
Male	261	111	47	419
Female	229	103	76	408
Mean BPb** µmol/L µg/dL	0.33 6.9	0.21 4.4	0.17 3.6	0.28 5.8
Range BPb µmol/L µg/dL	0.03 - 1.94 0.7 - 40.2	<0.03 - 0.90 <0.6 - 18.8	0.30 - 0.86 <0.6 - 17.9	<0.03 - 1.94 <0.6 - 40.2
> 0.48 µmol/L (10 µg/dL)	78	8	3	89

*Nine children included in this table lived at their present residence less than 3 months at the time of the study.
**BPb = blood lead

Table 25.

Distribution of blood lead levels in children from 6 months to 6 years of age with blood lead levels > 0.48 µmol/L (> 10 µg/dL).

Blood Lead Level	Number	Percent of Total 490 Children
> 0.48 µmol/L (> 10 µg/dL)	78	16
> 0.48 µmol/L and <0.72 µmol/L (> 10 µg/dL and <15 µg/dL)	46	9
> 0.72 µmol/L and 1.21 µmol/L (> 15 µg/dL and <25 µg/dL)	27	5.5
>1.21 µmol/L (>25 µg/dL)	5	1

Table 28.

Completed exposure pathways.

Pathway Name:	Source	Medium	Exposure Point	Exposure Route	Receptor Population	Time of Exposure	Exposure Activities	Estimated Number Exposed	Chemicals
On-site surface soil	Waste piles Site operations On-site soil	Surface soil	On-site soil	Ingestion Inhalation	Employees and visitors	Past Present Future	Contacting contaminated soil	50	Lead & other site-related metals
Off-site surface soil	Waste piles Site operations Off-site soil	Surface soil	Yards Play-grounds	Ingestion Inhalation	Residents Playground users	Past Present Future	Playing in & working with contaminated soil	8,000	Lead & other site-related metals
Ambient Air	Waste piles Site operations Contaminated soil	Air	Residents closest to the site	Inhalation	Nearby residents	Past Present Future	Breathing	8,000	Lead & other site-related metals
Vegetables	Contaminated soil Air deposition	Fruits & Vegetables	Gardens	Ingestion	Residents with gardens or fruit trees	Past Present Future	Eating fruits & vegetables without cleaning	800	Lead & other site-related metals
Waste Piles	Waste piles	Waste pile	Employees	Ingestion Inhalation	On-site Workers	Past Present Future	Working with the waste piles	10	Lead & other site-related metals

Table 27.

Potential exposure pathways.

Pathway Name:	Source	Medium	Exposure Point	Exposure Route	Receptor Population	Time of Exposure	Exposure Activities	Estimated Potential Number Exposed	Chemicals
Private Wells	Waste pile Contaminated soil	Ground-water	Residents closest to the site	Ingestion	Residents drinking contaminated well water	Past Present Future	Drinking contaminated well water	120	Lead & other site-related metals
Surface water	Waste piles Contaminated soil	Surface Water	Residents closest to the site	Ingestion	Persons ingesting storm water.	Past Present Future	Playing in storm water	80	Lead & other site-related metals
Waste pile	Waste pile Contaminated soil	Waste pile	Remediation Worker	Ingestion Inhalation	Workers remediating the pile and soils	Future	Remediating the waste pile and soils	30	Lead & other site-related metals

Table 28.

Comparison of estimated off-site soil contaminant exposures to health guidelines.

CONTAMINANT	HEALTH GUIDELINE (mg/kg/day)		EXCEEDED/GROUP
	VALUE	SOURCE
LEAD	NONE	NONE	UNKNOWN
ARSENIC	0.0003	ORAL RFD	YES/ADULT, CHILD, PICA CHILD
ANTIMONY	0.0004	ORAL RFD	YES/PICA CHILD, CHILD
CADMIUM	0.0002	CHRONIC ORAL MRL	YES/PICA CHILD, CHILD
CHROMIUM*	0.005	ORAL RFD	YES/PICA CHILD
NICKEL**	0.02	ORAL RFD	YES/PICA CHILD
ZINC	NONE	NONE	UNKNOWN

* - CHROMIUM AS CHROMIUM VI
** - NICKEL AS SOLUBLE SALTS
MRL - MINIMUM RISK LEVEL

CERTIFICATION

This Taracorp/NL Industries Public Health Assessment was prepared by the Illinois Department of Public Health under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the public health assessment was begun.

Gail D. Godfrey
Technical Project Officer
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
ATSDR

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, has reviewed this public health assessment and concurs with its findings.

Richard E. Gillig
Chief, State Programs Section
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
ATSDR

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