| Substance | Level (ppm)(4) | Sampling depth (inches) | Comparison criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level (ppm) | Source | |||
Surface soil | ||||
| Arochlor, total | 0.36-2.4 (CDH, 1989) | unspecified depth, grab samples | 0.09(5) | CREG |
| 0.3 | Chronic EMEG (child) | |||
| Chlordane | 2.0-3.5 (CDH, 1989) | unspecified depth, grab samples | 0.5 | CREG |
| Subsurface soil | ||||
| Arochlor 1242 | 1.9 | 0-36 composite | 0.09(6) 0.04 0.3 | CREG Pica child RMEG Chronic EMEG (child) |
| Arochlor 1254 | 280 | 0-36 composite | ||
| Arochlor 1221 | 0.094 (UNC Geotech, 1990b) | 0-36, 0-42 composite | ||
| Arochlor 1248 | 9.5 (UNC Geotech, 1990b) | 0-36, 0-42 composite | ||
| Arochlor 1260 | 0.56 (UNC Geotech, 1990b) | 0-36, 0-42 composite | ||
| delta-BHC | 0.45 | 0-36 composite | NONE | |
| gamma-chlordane | 1.5 | 0-36 composite | NONE | |
| Dieldrin | 0.2 | 0-36 composite | 0.04 | CREG |
| Endosulfan sulfate | 2.2 | 0-36 composite | NONE | |
| Endosulfan I | 0.13 (UNC Geotech, 1990b) | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Endosulfan II | 1.2 | 0-36 composite | NONE | |
| Endrin ketone | 0.52 (UNC Geotech, 1990b) | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Heptachlor epoxide | 0.32 | 0-36 composite | 0.08 | CREG |
| Substance | Level (ppm)(7) | Sampling depth (inches) | Comparison criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level (ppm) | Source | |||
Volatile organic compounds | ||||
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 0.67 (Ecology and Environment, 1992b) | 36 | NONE | |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 410 | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Dibenzofuran | 7.1 | NONE | ||
| 2'-butanone | 0.014 | NONE | ||
| Di-n-octyl phthalate | 13 | NONE | ||
| Pentachlorophenol | 43 | 6 | CREG | |
| Toluene | 0.19 (Ecology and Environment, 1992b) | 36 | 400 | RMEG (pica) |
| Semi-volatile organic compounds | ||||
| Benzo(a) anthracene | 4.2 | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Benzo(a) pyrene | 3.8 | 0.1 | CREG | |
| Benzo(b) fluoranthene | 3.8 | NONE | ||
| Benzo(g,h,i) perylene | 2.8 | NONE | ||
| Benzo(k) fluoranthene | 3.9 | NONE | ||
| Butylbenzyl phthalate | 0.81 | 0-36 composite | 400 | RMEG (pica) |
| Chrysene | 3.6 | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd) Pyrene | 2.9 | NONE | ||
| 2-Methyl naphthalene | 37 (Ecology and Environment, 1992b) | 0-36 composite | NONE | |
| Naphthalene | 6.6 | 0-36, 0-42 composite | NONE | |
| Phenanthrene | 12 | NONE | ||
| Substance | Level(8) (mg/kg) | Sampling depth | Comparison criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level (ppm) | Source | |||
| Surface soil | ||||
| Arsenic | 9.9 - 40 (CDH, 1990b) | not reported | 0.5 CREG | 20 RMEG (child) |
| Lead | over 10,000 (Ecology and Environment, 1991c) | 0-3" | NONE | |
| Mercury | 0.14 - 1.5 (CDH, 1990a) | not reported | 100 | iEMEG (child)(9) |
| Subsurface soil (0-36" composite) | ||||
| Beryllium | 1.4 | 0.2 CREG | 300 RMEG (child) | |
| Cadmium | 53.3 | 1 cEMEG (child) | 50 RMEG (child) | |
| Chromium | 3,520 | 300 | RMEG (child)(10) | |
| Cobalt | 469 | NONE | ||
| Lead | 27,300 | NONE | ||
| Thallium | 0.72 | NONE | ||
| Zinc | 21,400 | 20,000 | RMEG (child) | |
| Substance | Concentration (µg/kg) |
|---|---|
| VOCs(11) | |
| Methylene chloride | 18,500 |
| Acetone | 229,000 |
| 1,1-DCA | 265 |
| 2-butanone | 13,800 |
| 1,1,1-TCA | 9,130 |
| Benzene | 1,260 |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone | 2,130 |
| TCE | 1,180 |
| Toluene | 4,190 |
| ethylbenzene | 6,200(12) |
| ethylbenzene | 2,760 |
| o-xylene | 10,200 |
| m+p-xylenes | 3,280 |
| Xylenes, total | 32,000(13) |
| styrene | 80,000 |
| Substance | On-site samples(14) (ppm) |
|---|---|
METALS | |
| Aluminum | 11,200 |
| Antimony | 2.9 |
| Arsenic | 8 (CDH, 1990a) |
| Barium | 2,120 |
| Cadmium | 37 (CDPHE, 1990a) |
| Chromium (unspecified species) | 2,730 |
| Cobalt | 79.3 |
| Iron | 177,000 |
| Lead | 20,000 (CDPHE, 1990a) |
| Magnesium | 8,700 |
| Manganese | 1,110 |
| Mercury | 1.1 |
| Nickel | 534 |
| Selenium | 23 (CDPHE, 1990a) |
| Vanadium | 344 |
| Silver | 94.9 |
| Analyte | Sample site | Level Detected (ppm) | Comparison Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level (ppm) | Source | |||
| Ethyl benzene | Scan of parking lot | 1.037 | 0.3 | iEMEG/ MRL |
| Xylene | 4.010 | 0.05 | aEMEG/ MRL | |
| Inorganic substances | Concentration detected(16) mg/kg | Comparison value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| level (ppm) | Source | ||
| aluminum | 11,200 | NONE | |
| arsenic | 222 | 0.5 | CREG |
| barium | 1,370 | 100 | pica child RMEG |
| cadmium | 4.5 | 1 | pica child EMEG |
| chromium | 67.5 | 10 | pica child RMEG (Cr VI) |
| copper | 242 | NONE | |
| lead | 1,800 | NONE | carcinogen |
| magnesium | 13,400 | NONE | |
| manganese | 400 | 300 | pica child RMEG |
| mercury | 1.8 | NONE | |
| vanadium | 69.3 | 6 | pica child iEMEG |
| zinc | 2,620 | 600 | pica child RMEG |
| Organic substances | Concentration | Comparison Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Level (ppm) | Source | ||
| benzo(a)anthracene | 0.0013 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.0013 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene | 0.00074 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| benzo(ghi)perylene | 0.00038 | NONE | |
| chrysene | 0.0012 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | 0.00027 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| di-n-octyl-phthalate | 0.0007 | NONE | |
| indeno(1,2,3)pyrene | 0.00071 | NONE, carcinogen | |
| phenanthrene | 0.0016 | NONE | |
| Pesticides and PCBs | Concentration detected(18) | Comparison value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ppm | Level (ppm) | Source | |
| d-BHC | 0.000055 | NONE | |
| TEF Range (ppm)(19) | Comparison Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Dioxins and furans | 0.0 - 0.0003 (20) | NONE, carcinogen |
| Categories | Range (ppm) | Frequency | Relative Frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 - 300 | 120 | 93.75 |
| 2 | 301 - 600 | 5 | 3.91 |
| 3 | 601 - 900 | 1 | 0.78 |
| 4 | 901 - 1200 | 1 | 0.78 |
| 5 | 1201 - 1500 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 6 | 1501 - 1800 | 1 | 0.78 |
| TOTAL | 128 | 100 | |
| Categories | Range (ppm) | Frequency | Relative Frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 - 100 | 55 | 45.83 |
| 2 | 101 - 200 | 54 | 45.00 |
| 3 | 201 - 300 | 11 | 9.17 |
| TOTAL | 120.00 | 100.00 | |
| Pathway name | EXPOSURE PATHWAY ELEMENTS | Time frame | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Media | Point of Exposure | Route of Exposure | Exposed Population | ||
| COMPLETED EXPOSURE PATHWAYS | ||||||
| Surface soil | Hansen Containers Site | Soil/Dust | On-site soil | Ingestion/ Inhalation/ Dermal Contact | Adults and children on site | Past |
| Off-site soil | Riverside Community members | Past, Present, Future | ||||
| Soil/Dust Fumes | Work stations & lunch room | Youth and Adult site workers | Past | |||
| Air | Incineration Operation & related activities at the site | Air | Off-site | Inhalation | Riverside Community members | Past |
| Remediation activities at the site | ||||||
| Incineration Operation & related activities at the site | On-site | Adults and children on site | ||||
| Work stations & lunch room | Youth and Adult site workers | |||||
| Table 13 (continued): Exposure Pathways at Hansen Container and Riverside Community. | ||||||
| Pathway name | EXPOSURE PATHWAY ELEMENTS | Time frame | ||||
| Source | Media | Point of Exposure | Route of Exposure | Exposed Population | ||
| POTENTIAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS | ||||||
| Soil gas contaminants migrating off-site | Hansen Containers Site | Soil gas | Off-site | Inhalation | Riverside Community members | Past, Present, Future |
| Secondary exposure to lead migrating off-site | Hansen Containers Site | Dust on worker's clothes | Residential Homes | Inhalation | Residents living with a site worker | Past |
| On-site radioactive material | Hansen Containers Site | Space | On-site | External | Children & Adults on site | Past |
| ELIMINATED EXPOSURE PATHWAYS | ||||||
| Waste material | Hansen Container | Drummed waste | NONE | |||
| On-site subsurface soil | Hansen Container | Subsurface soil | NONE | |||
| Groundwater | Hansen Container | NONE | ||||
| Blood lead level (µg/dL) | Age groups | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 months to less than 6 years of age | 6 to 18 years of age | Adults | ||
| Less than 4 | 26 | 57 | 87 | 170 |
| 4 - 9 | 21 | 29 | 56 | 106 |
| 10 - 14 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 15 - 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 53 | 88 | 146 | 287 |
APPENDIX D: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Comparison values
Comparison values for ATSDR Public Health Assessments are contaminant concentrations inspecific media that are used to select contaminants for further evaluation. The valuesprovide guidelines used to estimate a dose at which health effects might be observed.Comparison values used in the Environmental Contamination and Other Hazards and the PublicHealth Implications sections of this document are listed and described below.
- CREG = Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides
- EMEG = Environmental Media Evaluation Guides
- MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level (µg/L)
- MRL = Minimal Risk Level (mg/kg/day)
- PEL = Permissible Exposure Limit (mg/m3)
- RfD = Reference Dose (mg/kg/day)
Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs) are estimated contaminant concentrations thatwould be expected to cause no more than one excess cancer in a million (1 in 10-6)persons exposed over a lifetime. CREGs are calculated from EPA's cancer slope factors.
Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) are based on ATSDR minimal risk levels(MRLs) and factor in body weight and ingestion rates.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the lower limit of flammability of a gas or vapor atordinary ambient temperatures expressed in percent of the gas or vapor in air by volume.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and Lifetime Health Advisories (LTHAs) representcontaminant concentrations that the EPA deems protective of public health (considering theavailability and economics of water treatment technology) over a lifetime (70 years) at aningestion rate of 2 liters of water per day. Child Longer-Term Health Advisories (CLHAs)are derived in the same manner, but using a body weight and ingestion rate appropriate fora child.
A Minimal Risk Level (MRL) is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemical (inmg/kg/day) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of non-carcinogenicdeleterious effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are based on human andanimal studies and are reported for acute (< 14 days), intermediate (15-364days), and chronic (> 365 days) exposures. MRLs are published in ATSDRToxicological Profiles for specific chemicals.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) in air is an 8-hour, time-weighted average developed for the workplace. The levelmay be exceeded, but the sum of the exposure levels averaged over 8 hours must not exceedthe limit.
EPA's Reference Dose (RfD) is an estimate of the daily exposure to a contaminant thatis unlikely to cause adverse health effects. However, RfDs do not consider carcinogeniceffects.
Other acronyms and abbreviations used in this document are:
| = | milligrams per liter (mg/L water) milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg soil) milligrams per liter (mg/L air) |
|---|---|---|
| = | kilogram |
| = | milligram |
| = | microgram |
| = | liter |
| = | cubic meter |
1. Arochlor is the common name for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
2. The median is that value in the "middle" of all thevalues once all these values have been organized from the smallest to the largest.
3. Half-life is the time required for half of the total amount of asubstance to disappear from the blood. In the case of lead in blood, it takes 30 days forhalf of the total amount of lead to leave the blood and be deposited in bone and othertissues and fluids.
4. All from Ecology and Environment, 1992b,unless otherwise noted.
5. For PCBs.
6. For PCBs.
7. From UNC Geotech 1990b, unlessotherwise noted.
8. All from Ecology and Environment, 1992b,unless otherwise noted.
9. For inorganic mercury.
10. For Cr VI.
12. Ecology and Environment, 1992b.
13. Ecology and Environment, 1992b.
14. All from Ecology and Environment,1992b unless otherwise noted.
15. All residential soil samples were grab samples.
16. All from Ecology and Environment,1992a, unless otherwise noted.
17. All from Ecology and Environment,1992a, unless otherwise noted.
18. All from Ecology and Environment,1992a, unless otherwise noted.
19. All from Ecology and Environment,1992a, unless otherwise noted.
20. Derived from data obtained from Ecology and Environment, 1992.
21. Ecology and Environment, 1992a.
22. Ecology and Environment, 1992a.
