Section Contents

Children and Adults

Sources of Hazards

Case Contents

Goals and Objectives

Case Study, Pretest

Biologic Indicators

Case Study (Continued)

Exposure-Disease Model

Susceptible Host

Sources of Exposure

Medical Evaluation

Health Interventions

Environmental Medicine

Continuing Education

Online Registration

Patient Education

Community Education

Lead

Pb/As/Cd/Cr Interaction

Pb/Mn/Zn/Cu Interaction

Pb/Chlorpyrifos/Hg/Me-Hg

ToxFAQs™: Lead

Toxguide: Lead Lead Toxguide: PDF Version

Lead Toxguide: PDF Version

Tox Profile: Lead

Mercury

Breast Milk: Methyl Hg

Fish: Methyl Mercury

Medical Guidelines - Hg

Metallic Mercury

Pb/Chlorpyrifos/Hg/Me-Hg

ToxFAQs™ - Mercury

Tox Profile - Mercury

ATSDR Resources

ATSDR en Español

Case Studies (CSEM)

Exposure Pathways

Health Assessments

Health Statements

Interaction Profiles

Interactive Learning

Managing Incidents

Medical Guidelines

Minimal Risk Levels

ToxFAQs™ CABS

Toxicological Profiles

Toxicology Curriculum

External Resources

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM)
Pediatric Environmental Health
Sources of Common Environmental Hazards (continued)

Table 4. Sources of Common Environmental Hazards (Continued)

Hazards and Routes of Exposure*	Mechanical Systems	Occupant Activities/Source	Tap Water	Food
Asbestos (R, D, O)	Gaskets Pipe and furnace insulation	Selected consumer products Take-home occupational exposures	Asbestos cement water pipes	-
Biologic (R, O)	Humidifiers Condensate pans in air conditioners and refrigerators Moist, dirty ductwork	Communicable occupational infections Respiratory droplet Body fluids	Contamination at source, distribution system, tap, storage containers	Contamination at source, transportation, processing, storage, preparation
Combustion products (R)	Malfunctioning and poorly vented heating and cooking devices	Tobacco smoking Environmental tobacco smoke	-	-
Lead (O, R)	-	Hobbies Folk remedies Remodeling Consumer products Take-home occupational exposures	Water service mains, plumbing before 1978	Imported canned food Pottery glazes
Mercury (R)	Take-home occupational agents Folk remedies Hobbies	-	-	-
Pesticides (O, D)	Contaminated ductwork Biocides in humidifiers and air conditioners	Consumer products, including aerosols, shampoos, pet collars, hanging strips, repellents Take-home occupational exposures	Ground and surface water contamination from agricultural and lawn chemicals	Residues from agricultural applications Bioconcentrated persistent organo-chlorines in fish, meat, and cow's and breast milk
Polychlorinated or brominated biphenyls	-	-	-	Bioconcentrated in food chain, including breast milk Occupational exposures leading to breast milk contamination
Radon (R)	-	-	Well	-
Respirable particulates (R)	Poorly ventilated and malfunctioning heating and cooling and devices Humidifiers Degrading fiberglass ductwork	Tobacco smoke Remodeling Hobbies Cleaning	-	-
Volatile organic compounds (R, O, D)	Fugitive fossil fuel emissions Office machines Lubricants Duct sealants and cleaners	Use and storage of consumer products Cosmetics Hobbies Tobacco smoke Human metabolism	Hazardous waste Leaking underground storage tanks	Breast milk contaminated as the result of occupant activites
*R: respiratory; D: dermal; O: oral. Routes of exposure are listed for each contaminant in the usual order of importance.

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Revised 2002-07-30.