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1. ATSDR > Public Health Assessments & Consultations

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

CENTRAL WOOD PRESERVING COMPANY
SLAUGHTER, EAST FELICIANA PARISH, LOUISIANA

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: FIGURE 1

Figure 1. Demographic Statistics

APPENDIX B: TABLES

Table 1. Maximum Concentrations in On-Site Soil. ( 0-2 feet depth). Presented in Site Inspection Report, Ecology and Environment, Inc., 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1999. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	South Property		North Property		Comparison Values
	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)1	Background	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)	Background	mg/kg	Source
Inorganics
arsenic	430	14	6900	14	20	child EMEG3
chromium, total	610	22	3500	22	200	RMEG4
copper	360	5.3	4400	5.3	20	[15]
PAHs
benzo(a)pyrene	1.5	N/A2	260	N/A	0.1	CREG

¹mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram
²N/A= Not available
³child EMEG= Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
⁴RMEG= Reference Dose Media Evaluation
[15]= EPA Region 6 Web site

Table 2. Toxicity Equivalency Calculation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons detected in On-Site Soil (0 to 2 feet depth). Presented in Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1999. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)1		Toxic Equivalency Factor	Products
	South Property	North Property		South Property	North Property
PAHs
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	20	1.2	5	100	6
Benzo(a)pyrene	1.5	260	1	1.5	260
benzo(a)anthracene	2.0	280	0.1	0.2	28
benzo(b)fluoranthene	2.4	440	0.1	0.24	44
benzo(k)fluoranthene	2.0	400	0.1	0.2	40
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	0.5	130	0.1	0.05	13
anthracene	0.81	300	0.01	0.0081	3
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	0.49	3.5	0.01	0.0049	0.035
chrysene	2.9	550	0.01	0.029	5.5
acenaphthene	1.3	240	0.001	0.0013	0.24
fluoranthene	12	860	0.001	0.012	0.86
fluorene	1.3	210	0.001	0.0013	0.21
phenanthrene	3.9	420	0.001	0.0039	0.42
pyrene	8.1	720	0.001	0.0081	0.72
Benzo(a)pyrene TOXIC EQUIVALENT				102.26	401.99

¹mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram

Table 3. Maximum Concentrations in Off-Site Sediment on the Unnamed Creek. (0-2 feet depth). Presented in Remedial Investigation Report, 1992 -1995. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)1	Background	Comparison Values (mg/kg)	Source
Inorganics
arsenic	126	14	20	child EMEG3
chromium	257	22	200	RMEG4
PAHs
benzo(a)pyrene	9.4	N/A2	0.1	CREG5
benzo(a)anthracene	9.5	N/A	0.56	LDEQ RECAP6
benzo(b)fluoranthene	16	N/A	0.56	LDEQ RECAP
benzo(k)fluoranthene	16	N/A	5.5	LDEQ RECAP
dibenz(a,h)anthracene	3	N/A	0.33	LDEQ RECAP
indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene	7.8	N/A	0.56	LDEQ RECAP

¹mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram
²N/A= Not available
³child EMEG= Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
⁴RMEG= Reference Dose Media Evaluation
⁵CREG= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide for 1x10^-6 excess cancer risk.
⁶LDEQ RECAP= Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality Risk Evaluation/Corrective Action Program

Table 4. Toxicity Equivalency Calculation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons detected in Off-Site Sediments (0 to 2 feet depth) on the Unnamed Creek 1992-1995. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	Max. Conc. Detected (mg/kg)1	Toxic Equivalency Factor	Product2
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	3.0	5	15
Benzo(a)pyrene	9.4	1	9.4
benzo(a)anthracene	9.5	0.1	0.95
benzo(b)fluoranthene	16	0.1	1.6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	16	0.1	1.6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	7.8	0.1	0.78
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	6.0	0.01	0.06
chrysene	17	0.01	0.17
acenaphthene	0.5	0.001	0.0005
fluoranthene	22	0.001	0.022
phenanthrene	5.7	0.001	0.00067
pyrene	17	0.001	0.017
Benzo(a)pyrene TOXIC EQUIVALENT			29.59

¹mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram
²product- (max. conc. detected)(toxic equ. factor)

Table 5. Maximum Concentrations in On-Site (North and South Property) and Off-Site Soil/Sediment on the Unnamed Creek ( 0-2 feet depth). Presented in Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1999. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	On-site Creek Soil/Sediment		Off-site Creek Soil/Sediment		Comparison Values
	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)1	Background	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)	Background	mg/kg	Source
Inorganics
arsenic	1,100	11	590	11	20	RMEG3 child
chromium, total	2,500	16	2,800	16	200	RMEG child
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Benzo(a)pyrene	860	NA	9.4	NA	0.1	CREG4
acenaphthene	7,100	NA	0.5	NA	3,000	RMEG child
fluoranthene	21,000	NA	22	NA	2,000	RMEG child
fluorene	12,000	NA	0.69	NA	2,000	RMEG
pyrene	5,300	NA	17	NA	2,000	RMEG child

¹mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram
²NA= Not available
³ RMEG= Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide
⁴CREG= Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide for 1x10^-6 excess cancer risk.

Table 6. Toxicity Equivalency Calculation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons detected in On-Site and Off-Site Soil/Sediments (0 to 2 feet depth) on the Unnamed Creek. Presented in Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1999. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	Max. conc. detected (mg/kg)1		Toxic Equivalency Factor	Products
	On-Site Soil/ Sediments	Off-Site Soil/ Sediments		On-Site Soil/ Sediments	Off-Site Soil/ Sediments
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	ND	3.0	5	0	15
Benzo(a)pyrene	860	9.4	1	860	9.4
benzo(a)anthracene	1,200	9.5	0.1	120	0.95
benzo(b)fluoranthene	1,200	16	0.1	120	1.6
benzo(k)fluoranthene	600	16	0.1	60	1.6
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	270	7.8	0.1	27	0.78
anthracene	15,000	29	0.01	150	0.29
benzo(g,h,i)perylene	150	6.0	0.01	1.5	0.06
chrysene	5,600	17	0.01	56	0.17
acenaphthene	7,100	0.5	0.001	7.1	0.0005
fluoranthene	21,000	22	0.001	21	0.022
fluorene	12,000	0.69	0.001	12	0.00069
phenanthrene	48,000	5.7	0.001	48	0.00067
pyrene	5,300	17	0.001	5.3	0.017
Benzo(a)pyrene TOXIC EQUIVALENT				1,488	29.89

¹mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram

Table 7. Maximum Concentrations in On-site and Off-site Surface Water. Samples collected in 1999. Central Wood Preserving, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminant of Concern	On-site Surface Water (µg/L)1	Off-site Surface Water (µg/L)	Comparison Values
			µg/L	Source
Arsenic	220	29	50	EPA MCL3
Chromium, total	110	23	100	EPA MCL
Manganese	6,600	1,000	50	EPA Secondary MCL

¹ µg/l = micrograms per liter
² NA - Not available
³ MCL= Maximum Contaminant Level

Table 8. Maximum Concentrations in Off-site Groundwater (Residential Well). Samples collected in 1999. Central Wood Preserving. East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.

Contaminants of Concern	Maximum Concentration Detected (µg/L)1	Comparison Values
		(µg/L)	Source
Inorganics:
aluminum	409	200	Secondary MCL2
iron	1,070	300	Secondary MCL
sodium	28,500	20,000	EPA DWEL3
Semi-volatiles:
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	19.6	3	CREG4

¹ µg/L - micrograms per liters
² MCL - secondary Maximum Contaminant
³ DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level
Level for aesthetic qualities of drinking water
⁴ CREG - Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide

TABLE 9. COMPLETED EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

Pathway Names	Exposure Pathway Elements					Time
	Source	Environmental Media	Point of Exposure	Route of Exposure	Exposed Population
Soil (SP)	Site	Soil	On-site*	Ingestion Dermal contact	CWP workers	Past
					Trespassers	Present Future
Soil (NP)	Site	Soil	On-site	Ingestion Dermal contact	CWP Workers	Past
					Trespassers	Future
Sediment	Site	Sediment	On-site	Ingestion Dermal contact	CWP Workers	Past
					Trespassers	Present Future
Air	Site	Soil Sediment	On-site	Inhalation	CWP Workers	Past
Residential well	Not site related	Groundwater	Tap water	Ingestion Dermal contact	Residents	Present Past Future

* On-site= CWP site and adjacent property (all within the fence).

TABLE 10. POTENTIAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

Pathway Names	Exposure Pathway Elements					Time
	Source	Environmental Media	Point of Exposure	Route of Exposure	Exposed Population
Air	CWP Site	Airborne soil particulates	Off-site	Inhalation	Residents Trespassers	Present Future
Sediment	CWP Site	Sediment	Off-site unnamed creek bottom and banks	Ingestion Dermal contact	Residents Trespassers	Past Present Future

APPENDIX C: NEEDS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY AND QUESTIONAIRE

July 2000 Needs Assessment Summary

In July 2000, SEET staff administered a Needs Assessment (NA) to approximately 10 homes adjacent to the CWP site. The heads-of-household were asked about their health problems and about the health conditions of other household members. There were 30 health conditions reported by adults (over 18 years of age). No health problems were reported by 73% of the adult population. Health concerns reported for children were allergies, anemia, and chicken pox. The heads-of-household were also asked about their other environmental health concerns. Seven, both males and females, reported having no concerns. The other concern expressed was allergies. Follow-up to the community will be in the form of a mail out of the Executive Summary of the Needs Assessment to the 10 households.

Executive Summary of Responses to the Needs Assessment/Questionnaire on a Community living near the Central Wood Preserving Superfund Site, Slaughter, LA
CERCLIS NO. LAD 008187940
February 2, 2001

On July 22, 2000, three staff members from the Office of Public Health (OPH), Section of Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology administered a Needs Assessment (NA) in a community adjacent to the Central Wood Preserving (CWP) site in Slaughter, Louisiana (East Feliciana Parish). The community surveyed borders the east side of the site and consists of approximately 10 homes.

The heads-of-household completed a two-page survey and a shorter survey for each household member. A total of nine households (30 participants), all African American, completed a survey administered by OPH staff on a door-to-door basis. OPH staff interviewed twenty-one (70%) female participants and nine (30%) male participants. The age range of the household members was from 1 to 64 years of age. There were seven female (78%) heads-of-household and two males (22%) heads-of-household. All heads-of-household had either worked or lived in this area from 6 to 64 years. The age of the houses ranged from 10 months to more than 60 years.

The heads-of-household were asked about their health problems and about the health conditions of other household members. There were thirty health conditions reported by adults (over 18 years of age). Twenty-two heads-of-household (73%) of the adult population reported not having any health problems. Other responses include conditions such as allergies, anemia, cancer, chest pains, chicken pox, rheumatism, and sinus. Health concerns reported for children were allergies, anemia, and chicken pox.

Data were analyzed regarding whether or not the head-of-household visited a doctor or hospital and whether or not they had visited either within the last six months. Five of the heads-of-household had seen a doctor and four heads-of-household had been to a hospital within the last six months. The only hospital cited was Lane Memorial.

The heads-of-household were asked about the unnamed creek near their home that feeds into Little Sandy Creek. Three heads-of-household reported that their children played in this ditch. According to eight of the heads-of-household, flooding is not a problem in the area.

Finally, the heads-of-household were asked about their other environmental health concerns. Seven, both males and females, reported having no concerns. The only concern expressed was allergies. No health needs that OPH can offer assistance with were identified.

APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY

List of Acronyms

Definitions of Selected Terms

ATSDR:

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta, Georgia that deals with hazardous substances and waste site issues. ATSDR gives people information about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with chemicals.

Background Level:

A typical or average level of a chemical in the environment. Background often refers to naturally occurring or uncontaminated levels.

Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGs):

CREGs are estimated contaminant concentrations that would be expected to cause no more than one excess cancer in a million (10^-6) persons exposed over their lifetime. ATSDR's CREGs are calculated from U.S. EPA's cancer potency factors (CPFs).

Comparison Values:

Estimated contaminant concentrations in specific media that are not likely to cause adverse health effects, given a standard daily ingestion rate and standard body weight. The comparison values are calculated from the scientific literature available on exposure and health effects.

Concentration:

The amount of one substance dissolved or contained in a given amount of another. For example, sea water contains a higher concentration of salt than fresh water.

Contaminant:

Any substance or material that enters a system (the environment, human body, food, etc.) where it is not normally found.

Dermal:

Referring to the skin. Dermal absorption means absorption through the skin.

Dose:

The amount of a substance to which a person is exposed. Dose often takes body weight into account.

DWEL:

Drinking Water Equivalent Level. Protective level of exposure related to potentially non-carcinogenic effects of chemicals that are also known to cause cancer.

Environmental Contamination:

The presence of hazardous substances in the environment. From the public health perspective, environmental contamination is addressed when it potentially affects the health and quality of life of people living and working near the contamination.

Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs):

EMEGs are based on ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) that consider body weight and ingestion rates. An EMEG is an estimate of daily human exposure to a chemical (in mg/kg/day) that is likely to be without noncarcinogenic health effects over a specified duration of exposure to include acute, intermediate, and chronic exposures.

EPA:

U.S. Environment Protection Agency. The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the public's health.

Exposure:

Contact with a chemical by swallowing, by breathing, or by direct contact (such as through the skin or eyes). Exposure may be short term (acute) or long term (chronic).

Ingestion:

Swallowing (such as eating or drinking). Chemicals can get in or on food, drink, utensils, cigarettes, or hands where they can be ingested. After ingestion, chemicals can be absorbed into the blood and distributed throughout the body.

Inhalation:

Breathing. Exposure may occur from inhaling contaminants because they can be deposited in the lungs and absorbed into the blood.

LDEQ:

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality

LDHH:

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

Media:

Soil, water, air, plants, animals, or any other parts of the environment that can contain contaminants.

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL):

The MCL is the drinking water standard established by U.S. EPA. It is the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to the free-flowing outlet. MCLs are considered protective of public health over a lifetime (70 years) for individuals consuming 2 liters of water per day.

mg/L:

Milligrams per liter (a measure of concentration in water, 1 mg/L is equal to 1 part-per-million.

µg/L:

Micrograms per kilogram (a measure of concentration in water, 1 µg/L is equal to 1 part-per-billion and 0.001 mg/L).

mg/kg:

Milligrams per kilogram (a measure of concentration in soil or tissue, 1 mg/kg is equal to 1 part per million and 1000 µg/kg).

µg/kg:

Micrograms per kilogram (a measure of concentration in soil or tissue, 1 µg/kg is equal to 1 per part billion and to 0.001 mg/kg).

Minimal Risk Level (MRL):

An MRL is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse effects (noncancer) over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are derived when reliable and sufficient data exist to identify the target organ(s) of effect or the most sensitive health effect(s) for a specific duration via a given route of exposure. MRLs are based on noncancer health effects only. MRLs can be derived for acute, intermediate, and chronic duration exposures by the inhalation and oral routes.

No Apparent Public Health Hazard:

This public health conclusion category is used for sites where human exposure to contaminated media may be occurring, may have occurred in the past, and/or may occur in the future, but the exposure is not expected to cause any adverse health effects.

National Priorities List (NPL):

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) listing of sites that have undergone preliminary assessment and site inspection to determine which locations pose immediate threat to persons living or working near the release. These sites are most in need of cleanup.

OPH:

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health

Parts per billion (ppb)/ Parts per million (ppm):

Units commonly used to express low concentrations of contaminants. As example of each, one part per billion (ppb) of trichloroethylene (TCE) equals one drop of TCE mixed in a competition-size swimming pool and one part per million (ppm) equals one ounce of trichloroethylene (TCE) in one million ounces of water.

Potentially Exposed:

The condition where valid information, usually analytical environmental data, indicates the presence of contaminant(s) of a public health concern in one or more environmental media contacting humans (i.e., air, drinking water, soil, food chain, surface water), and there is evidence that some of those persons have an identified route(s) of exposure (i.e., drinking contaminated water, breathing contaminated air, having contact with contaminated soil, or eating contaminated food).

PRP:

Potentially Responsible Party. A company, government or person that is responsible for causing the pollution at a hazardous waste site. PRP's are expected to help pay for the clean up of a site.

Public Health Assessment:

The evaluation of data and information on the release of hazardous substances into the environment in order to assess any current or future impact on public health, develop health advisories or other recommendations, and identify studies or actions needed to evaluate and mitigate or prevent human health effects; also, the document resulting from that evaluation.

Public Health Hazard:

This public health conclusion category is used for sites that pose a public health hazard due to the existence of long-term exposures to hazardous substances or conditions that could result in adverse health effects.

Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs):

ATSDR derives RMEGs from U.S. EPA's oral reference doses. The RMEG represents the concentration in water or soil at which daily human exposure is unlikely to result in adverse noncarcinogenic effects.

Risk:

In risk assessment, the probability that something will cause injury, combined with the potential severity of that injury.

Route of Exposure:

The way in which a person may contact a chemical substance. For example, drinking (ingestion) and bathing (skin contact) are two different routes of exposure to contaminants that may be found in water.

SEET:

Section of Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology

SMCL:

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum level of a contaminant in water delivered to the free flowing outlet of the ultimate user, or of contamination resulting from corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality.

Superfund:

Another name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), which created ATSDR.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):

Substances containing carbon and different proportions of other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sulfur, or nitrogen; these substances easily become vapors or gases. A significant number of the VOCs are commonly used as solvents (paint thinners, lacquer thinners, degreasers, and dry cleaning fluids).

CERTIFICATION

This Central Wood Preserving Company Public Health Assessment was prepared by the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals/Office of Public Health under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the public health assessment was begun.

Alan W. Yarbrough
Technical Project Officer, SPS, SSAB, DHAC, ATSDR

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, has reviewed this public health assessment and concurs with the findings.

Richard Gillig
for Chief, State Program Section, SSAB, DHAC, ATSDR

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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1825 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345
Contact CDC: 800-232-4636 / TTY: 888-232-6348 

Department of Health and Human Services