PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
TSCA INCINERATOR
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OAK RIDGE RESERVATION
OAK RIDGE, ANDERSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE>
EPA FACILITY ID: TN1890090003
DECEMBER 27, 2005
Prepared by:
Federal Facilities Assessment Branch
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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II.A. Site and Process Description
II.B. TSCA Incinerator Operational History
II.C. Remedial and Regulatory History
II.D. Environmental Setting
II.E. Local Emissions Sources and Regional Air Quality II.F. Demographics
II.G. Summary of Public Health Activities Pertaining to the TSCA Incinerator
II.H. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
III. EVALUATION OF THE AIR EXPOSURE PATHWAY
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III.A. Introduction
III.B. Emissions: What Contaminants Are Released to the Air? III.C. Fate and Transport: How Do the Contaminants Move through the Air?
III.D. Ambient Air Monitoring and Ambient Air Sampling: What Are the Levels of Air Contamination? III.E. Synthesis of Information
IV. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
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V.A. Community Concerns Regarding Health
V.B. Community Concerns Regarding Environmental Contamination
V.C. Community Concerns Regarding Incinerator Operations
V.D. Other Community Concerns
VII. CHILDREN'S HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
XI. AUTHORS, TECHNICAL ADVISORS
LIST OF APPENDICES
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Appendix A. Review of Air Emissions Studies
Appendix B. Review of Fate and Transport Modeling Studies
Appendix C. Review of Ambient Air Monitoring and Ambient Air Sampling Studies
Appendix D. Definitions of Comparison Values
Appendix E. ATSDR Glossary of Terms
Appendix F. Units of Measurement Used in this PHA
Appendix G. Responses to Public Comments
LIST OF TABLES
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Table 1. Selected Milestones in the TSCA Incinerator's Operational History
Table 2. History of TRV Openings (1991–2004)
Table 3. Limits Established in Permits for Selected Operating Parameters
Table 4. Air Toxics Emissions Data from EPA's 2001 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) for Industrial Facilities within Approximately 10 Miles of ETTP
Table 5. EPA's 1999 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Data for Roane County
Table 6. Contaminant Groups Evaluated in this PHA
Table 7. Emissions Data Available for the Groups of Contaminants
Table 8. Fate and Transport Modeling Results Available for the Groups of Contaminants
Table 9. Ambient Air Monitoring and Ambient Air Sampling for the Groups of Contaminants
Table A-1. Summary of TSCA Trial Burn Data
Table A-2. Summary of RCRA Trial Burn Data
Table A-3. Summary of TSCA Incinerator Performance Tests
Table A-4. Summary of Continuous Emissions Sampling Data for Metals and Particulate Matter Collected in 2000 and 2001
Table A-5. Summary of Continuous Emissions Sampling Data for Selected Radionuclides
Table B-1. Evaluation of Independent Panel's Air Dispersion Modeling Results
Table B-2. Results of DOE's Modeling of Radionuclide Emissions
Table C-1. DOE's Monitoring Data for Particulate Matter (1991–2000)
Table C-2. DOE's Monitoring Data for Metals (1991–2001)
Table C-3. DOE's Monitoring Data for Radionuclides (1991–2001)
Table C-4. EPA's ERAMS Data (1996–2000)
Table C-5. TDEC's Monitoring Data for Metals (1997–2002)
Table C-6. TVA's Monitoring Data for Criteria Pollutants (1999–2000)
LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1. ATSDR's Main Conclusion and Supporting Lines of Evidence
Figure 2. Location of the TSCA Incinerator
Figure 3. Generic Process Streams at Most Incineration Facilities
Figure 4. Block Diagram of the TSCA Incinerator
Figure 5. History of Waste Treatment Totals, by Calendar Year
Figure 6. Typical Wind Rose for the ETTP Area
Figure 7. Facilities within 10 Miles of ETTP that Disclosed Air Emissions to EPA's Toxics Release Inventory in Reporting Year 2001
Figure 8. Demographics within 3 Miles of the TSCA Incinerator
Figure 9. Process for Selecting Contaminants of Potential Health Concern
Figure 10. Locations of Ambient Air Monitoring and Ambient Air Sampling Stations
Figure 11. Synthesizing Information for the Air Exposure Pathway
Figure C-1. DOE's TSP Monitoring Locations
Figure C-2. DOE's PM10 Monitoring Locations
Figure C-3. DOE's Metals Monitoring Locations
Figure C-4. DOE's Radionuclide Monitoring Locations
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
| ATSDR | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
| CNF | Central Neutralization Facility |
| CREG | Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide |
| DCG | Derived Concentration Guide |
| DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
| DRE | destruction and removal efficiency |
| EMEG | Environmental Media Evaluation Guide |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| ERAMS | Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System |
| ETTP | East Tennessee Technology Park |
| ISCST | Industrial Source Complex, Short Term |
| LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
| MACT | maximum achievable control technology |
| mixed LLW | mixed low-level radioactive and hazardous waste |
| MRL | Minimal Risk Level |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standard |
| NEI | National Emissions Inventory |
| NESHAPs | National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants |
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| NPL | National Priorities List |
| NTP | National Toxicology Program |
| ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| ORR | Oak Ridge Reservation |
| ORRHES | Oak Ridge Reservation Health Effects Subcommittee |
| PAH | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| PCB | polychlorinated biphenyl |
| PHA | public health assessment |
| PHAWG | Public Health Assessment Work Group |
| PM | particulate matter |
| PM10 | particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microns |
| PM2.5 | particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 microns |
| POHC | principal organic hazardous constituent |
| ppm | parts per million |
| RBC-N | risk-based concentration for non-cancer effects |
| RCRA | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| RfC | Reference Concentration |
| TDEC | Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation |
| TDOH | Tennessee Department of Health |
| TEQ | toxic equivalent |
| TLD | thermoluminescent dosimeter |
| TRI | Toxics Release Inventory |
| TRV | thermal relief vent |
| TSCA | Toxic Substances Control Act |
| TSP | total suspended particulates |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| UCLA | University of California at Los Angeles |
| VOC | volatile organic compound |
