Proximity to sites of potential environmental hazardous
exposure (does the child spend time near industrial plants,
agricultural developments, areas of high traffic, dump sites,
or polluted lakes and streams; low income families are more
likely to live in contaminated areas.)
Water source (to prevent lead contamination, tap water
standing in copper or lead sealed pipes overnight should be
run for 2 minutes or until cold prior to reconstituting infant
formula; test well water for nitrates prior to use in infant
formula to prevent methemoglobinemia; over boiling water
can concentrate lead and nitrates – bring water to a rolling
boil for 1 minute to kill microorganisms without concentrating
contaminants.)