Assessment and Posttest Instructions

Please select the best correct answer

1. Uranium is found naturally in
   1. Rocks.
   2. Soils.
   3. Animals.
   4. Water.
   5. All of the above.
   6. None of the above.
2. Where can uranium be found in the United States today?
   1. Naturally occurring in the environment (including mine and mill tailings).
   2. At nuclear fuel production facilities.
   3. In residential and commercial products.
   4. All of the above.
   5. Both A and B only.
3. Enriched uranium
   1. Contains more U-235 than natural uranium.
   2. Is less radioactive than natural uranium.
   3. Has diverse therapeutic uses.
   4. Is created when meteors strike the earth.
4. Uranium is used
   1. In nuclear power plants.
   2. To counter balance helicopter blades.
   3. As armor for military vehicles.
   4. As a part of certain kinds of bullets.
   5. All of the above.
   6. None of the above.
5. In the past, occupations that entailed exposure to uranium included which of the following?
   1. Uranium miners and millers.
   2. Repairmen and maintenance workers at uranium enrichment facilities.
   3. Nuclear fuel processors.
   4. All of the above.
6. Of the following, who is LEAST likely to currently be at risk of significant environmental uranium exposure? A person
   1. Living downwind of a uranium processing facility.
   2. Whose primary source of drinking water is a well contaminated by naturally occurring uranium.
   3. Living near a mine undergoing remediation activities.
   4. Living near a nuclear power plant.
7. In general, exposure to uranium in the natural environment occurs primarily via
   1. Inhalation.
   2. Ingestion.
   3. Dermal contact.
   4. None of the above.
8. Which of the following is false regarding the OSHA PEL of 0.05 mg/m3 for airborne soluble uranium in the workplace?
   1. It is an 8-hour, time-weighted average.
   2. It is lower than the insoluble uranium OSHA PEL because soluble uranium compounds are absorbed to a greater extent by the body.
   3. It is higher than the insoluble uranium OSHA PEL.
   4. For the same exposure, soluble uranium compounds are more likely to cause chemical effects than insoluble uranium.
9. EPA’s MCL of 30 micrograms per liter of uranium in drinking water refers to which of the following?
   1. The EPA marginal clean-up level for drinking water.
   2. The EPA maximum contaminant level allowed in drinking water.
   3. The EPA minimum contaminant level allowed in drinking water.
   4. None of the above.
10. Most inhaled uranium that reaches the lungs
    1. Becomes lodged and is retained in lung tissue.
    2. Is eliminated via mucociliary clearance.
    3. Is absorbed.
    4. Is exhaled.
11. The radioactivity from uranium is primarily
    1. Alpha particles.
    2. Beta particles.
    3. Gamma rays.
    4. Muons.
    5. All of the above.
    6. None of the above.
12. Exposure to natural uranium increases a person’s risk of getting cancer
    1. True.
    2. False.
13. Exposure to uranium is associated with
    1. Heart disease.
    2. Emphysema.
    3. Rheumatologic disease.
    4. Renal disease.
    5. Neurodegenerative disease.
    6. All of the above.
    7. Only B and D.
    8. None of the above.
14. The most typical biomarkers of effect for a patient with uranium nephrotoxicity is
    1. Increased â2-microglobulin on urinalysis.
    2. Aminoaciduria.
    3. Proteinuria.
    4. All of the above.
15. Why is it important to know a patient’s exposure history?
    1. The biomarkers of effect are not unique to uranium exposure.
    2. Other concurrent exposures may be more toxic and more important to future patient care.
    3. It is important to determine if exposures are ongoing or occurred in the past.
    4. All of the above.
16. Biomarkers of uranium exposure include
    1. The presence of uranium in feces.
    2. Pathognomonic changes in an EMG (electromyogram).
    3. The chemical or radiological detection of uranium in the urine.
    4. Both A and C.
    5. All of the above.
    6. None of the above.
17. Standard treatment modalities in the United States for patients with acute uranium nephrotoxicity include which of the following?
    1. Administration of sodium bicarbonate.
    2. Urine monitoring for pH, uranium concentration and biomarkers of effect.
    3. Chelation.
    4. Both A and B.
    5. All of the above.

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