Literature Cited

References

AAP. 2003. Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dibenzofurans, and Dibenzodioxins. Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health (21):215-22.

Alaspaa AO, Kuisma MJ, Hoppu K, et al. Out-of-hospital administration of activated charcoal by emergency medical services. Annals of Emergency Medicine 45(2):207-12 [updated 2005 February 2; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064404012077.

Allen JR. 1975. Response of the nonhuman primate to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Federation Proceedings 34(8):1675-9.

Alvares AP, Fischbein A, Anderson KE, et al. 1977. Alterations in drug metabolism in workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 22(2):140-6.

Anderson HA, Falk C, Hanrahan L, et al. 1998. Profiles of Great Lakes critical pollutants: a sentinel analysis of human blood and urine. The Great Lakes Consortium. Environmental Health Perspectives 106(5):279-89.

Anonymous. 1997. Position paper of the American Council on Science and Health: public health concerns about environmental polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety 38(2):71-84.

Arnold DL, Mes J, Bryce F, et al. 1990. A pilot study on the effects of Aroclor 1254 ingestion by rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys as a model for human ingestion of PCBs. Food & Chemical Toxicology 28(12):847-57.

Aronson KJ, Miller AB, Woolcott CG, et al. 2000. Breast adipose tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 9(1):55-63.

ATSDR. 1987. Final Report: Exposure study of persons possibly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl in Paoli, Pennsylvania. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and HUman Services, Office of External Affairs, Exposure and Disease Registry Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

ATSDR. 2000. Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service Atalanta, GA.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Addendum to the Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta GA [updated 2011 April; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/pcbs_addendum.pdf [PDF – 1.29 MB].

Aulerich RJ, Ringer RK, Safronoff J, et al. 1986. Assessment of primary vs. secondary toxicity of Aroclor 1254 to mink. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 15(4):393-9.

Bahn AK, Rosenwaike I, Hermann N, et al. 1976. Letter: Melanoma after exposure to PCB’s. New England Journal of Medicine 295(8):450.

Barsotti DA, Marlar RJ, Allen JR, et al. 1976. Reproductive dysfunction in rhesus monkeys exposed to low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aoroclor 1248). Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 14(2):99-103.

Brown DP. 1987. Mortality of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls–an update. Archives of Environmental Health 42(6):333-9.

Calabrese EJ, Sorenson AJ, Calabrese EJ, et al. 1977. The health effects of PCBS with particular emphasis on human high risk groups. Reviews on Environmental Health 2(4):285-304.

Carpenter DO. 2008. Environmental contaminants as risk factors for developing diabetes. Reviews on Environmental Health 23(1):59-74.

[CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009a. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta GA [updated 2009a; accessed 2014 February 1]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/.

Chase KH, Wong O, Thomas D, et al. 1982. Clinical and metabolic abnormalities associated with occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Journal of Occupational Medicine 24(2):109-14.

Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, et al. Position paper: Single-dose activated charcoal. Clinical Toxicologists 43(2):61-87 [updated 2005; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.clintox.org/documents/positionpapers/SingleDoseActivatedCharcoal.pdf [PDF – 210 KB].

Cogliano VJ. 1998. Assessing the cancer risk from environmental PCBs. Environmental Health Perspectives 106(6):317-23.

Colombi A, Maroni M, Ferioli Aea. 1982. Increase in urinary porphyrin excretion in workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. J Appl Toxicol (2):117-21.

Cooke PS, Zhao YD, Hansen LG, et al. 1996. Neonatal polychlorinated biphenyl treatment increases adult testis size and sperm production in the rat. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 136(1):112-7.

Crow KD. 1970. Chloracne. British Journal of Dermatology 83(5):599-600.

De Roos AJ, Hartge P, Lubin JH, et al. 2005. Persistent organochlorine chemicals in plasma and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer Research 65(23):11214-26.

Dewailly E, Nantel A, Weber JP, et al. 1989. High levels of PCBs in breast milk of Inuit women from arctic Quebec. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 43(5):641-6.

Emmett EA and Emmett EA. 1985. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and effects in transformer repair workers. Environmental Health Perspectives 60:185-92.

Emmett EA, Maroni M, Jefferys J, et al. 1988. Studies of transformer repair workers exposed to PCBs: II. Results of clinical laboratory investigations. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 14(1):47-62.

Engel LS, Laden F, Andersen A, et al. 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in peripheral blood and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a report from three cohorts. Cancer Research 67(11):5545-52.

[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986b. Method 8080: Organochlorine pesticides and PCB. In: Test methods for evaluating solid waste SW-846. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 8080-1 to 8080-27.

[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992a. National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Report No.: EPA 823-R-92-008a.

[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992b. National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Report No.: EPA 823-R-92-008b.

[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996c. PCBs: Cancer dose-response assessment and application to environmental mixtures. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development EPA/600/p-96/001F.

Current drinking water standards. [EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington DC [accessed 2014 February 01; updated 2012 March 06]. Available from: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/currentregulations.cfm.

Fait A, Grossman E, Self S, et al. 1989. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in adipose tissue lipid and serum of past and present transformer repair workers and a comparison group. Fundamental & Applied Toxicology 12(1):42-55.

Falck F, Jr., Ricci A, Jr., Wolff MS, et al. 1992. Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast lipids and their relation to breast cancer. Archives of Environmental Health 47(2):143-6.

FDA. 1996c. Unavoidable contaminants in food for human consumption and food packaging material: Tolerances for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). U.S. Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR 10930.

Fein GG, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, et al. 1984. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: effects on birth size and gestational age. Journal of Pediatrics 105(2):315-20.

Fensterheim RJ. 1993. Documenting temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment. Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology 18(2):181-201.

Fischbein A, Thornton J, Wolff MS, et al. 1982. Dermatological findings in capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to dielectric fluids containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Archives of Environmental Health 37(2):69-74.

Fischbein A, Wolff MS, Lilis R, et al. 1979. Clinical findings among PCB-exposed capacitor manufacturing workers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 320:703-15.

Fisher BE. Most unwanted. Environmental Health Perspectives 107(1):A18-23 [updated 1999 January; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articPMC1566310/.

Fitzgerald EF, Hwang SA, Bush B, et al. 1998. Fish consumption and breast milk PCB concentrations among Mohawk women at Akwesasne. American Journal of Epidemiology 148(2):164-72.

Goldey ES, Crofton KM, Goldey ES, et al. 1998. Thyroxine replacement attenuates hypothyroxinemia, hearing loss, and motor deficits following developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 in rats. Toxicological Sciences 45(1):94-105.

Greizerstein HB, Stinson C, Mendola P, et al. 1999. Comparison of PCB congeners and pesticide levels between serum and milk from lactating women. Environmental Research 80(3):280-6.

Gunderson EL and Gunderson EL. 1988. FDA Total Diet Study, April 1982-April 1984, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. Journal – Association of Official Analytical Chemists 71(6):1200-9.

Gunderson EL and Gunderson EL. 1995. FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. Journal of AOAC International 78(6):1353-63.

Guo YL, Lambert GH, Hsu CC, et al. 1995. Growth abnormalities in the population exposed in utero and early postnatally to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Environmental Health Perspectives 103 Suppl 6:117-22.

Guo YL, Yu ML, Hsu CC, et al. 1999. Chloracne, goiter, arthritis, and anemia after polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: 14-year follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 107(9):715-9.

Gustavsson P, Hogstedt C, Rappe C, et al. 1986. Short-term mortality and cancer incidence in capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). American Journal of Industrial Medicine 10(4):341-4.

Guttes S, Failing K, Neumann K, et al. 1998. Chlororganic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast tissue of women with benign and malignant breast disease. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 35(1):140-7.

Hanrahan LP, Falk C, Anderson HA, et al. 1999. Serum PCB and DDE levels of frequent Great Lakes sport fish consumers-a first look. The Great Lakes Consortium. Environmental Research 80(2 Pt 2):S26-S37.

Hansen LG. 1987. Food chain modification of the composition and toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues. Rev Environ Toxicol (3):149-212.

Hardell E, Eriksson M, Lindstrom G, et al. 2001. Case-control study on concentrations of organohalogen compounds and titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia & Lymphoma 42(4):619-29.

Hardell L, Bavel BM, Lindstrom Gea. 1996. Higher concentrations of specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in adipose tissue from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients compared with controls without a malignant disease. Int J Oncol (9):603-8.

Hazdat. 2000. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA.

Hermanson MH and Hites RA. 1989. Long-term measurements of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in the vicinity of Superfund dumps. Environ Sci Technol (23):1253-8.

Hopf NB, Ruder AM, Succop P. 2009. Background levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in the U.S. population. Science of the Total Environment 407(24):6109-19 [updated 2009 December 01; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969709008031.

Hopf NB, Ruder AM, Waters MA, et al. Concentration-dependent half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyl in sera from an occupational cohort. Chemosphere 91(2):172-8 [updated 2013 April; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653512015408.

Hovinga ME, Sowers M, Humphrey HE, et al. 1992. Historical changes in serum PCB and DDT levels in an environmentally-exposed cohort. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 22(4):362-6.

Hovinga ME, Sowers M, Humphrey HE, et al. 1993. Environmental exposure and lifestyle predictors of lead, cadmium, PCB, and DDT levels in Great Lakes fish eaters. Archives of Environmental Health 48(2):98-104.

Hsieh SF, Yen YY, Lan SJ, et al. 1996. A cohort study on mortality and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. Archives of Environmental Health 51(6):417-24.

Hsu PC, Huang W, Yao WJ, et al. Sperm changes in men exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. JAMA 289(22):2943-4 [updated 2003 June 11; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=196704.

Hsu PC, Lai TJ, Guo NW, et al. 2005. Serum hormones in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health Part A 68(17-18):1447-56 [updated 2005 September; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076757.

Humphrey HEB. 1983. Population studies of PCBs in Michigan residents. In: D’Itri FM, Kamrin MA, eds PCBs: Human and environmental hazards Boston, MA: Butterworth, 299-310.

IARC. 2013. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Volume 107: Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls Lyon: International Agency for Reasearch on Cancer.

Integrated Risk Information System [IRIS] Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [updated 2012 August 09; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/subst/0294.htm.

Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Humphrey HE, et al. 1990a. Effects of exposure to PCBs and related compounds on growth and activity in children. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 12(4):319-26.

Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Humphrey HE, et al. 1990b. Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children. Journal of Pediatrics 116(1):38-45.

Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, et al. 1996. Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in uter. New England Journal of Medicine 335(11):783-9.

Jacobson SW, Fein GG, Jacobson JL, et al. 1985. The effect of intrauterine PCB exposure on visual recognition memory. Child Development 56(4):853-60.

Judd NL, Griffith WC, Faustman EM. 2004. Consideration of cultural and lifestyle factors in defining susceptible populations for environmental disease. Toxicology 198(1-3):121-33.

Kimbrough RD. 1980. Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Products. New York, Elsevier/North Holland Press.

Kimbrough RD, Krouskas CA, Kimbrough RD, et al. 2003. Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and health effects: a critical synopsis. Toxicological Reviews 22(4):217-33.

Koopman-Esseboom C, Morse DC, Weisglas-Kuperus N, et al. 1994. Effects of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls on thyroid hormone status of pregnant women and their infants. Pediatric Research 36(4):468-73.

Kreiss K and Kreiss K. 1985. Studies on populations exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Environmental Health Perspectives 60:193-9.

Kuratsune M, Nakamura Y, Ikeda Mea. 1987. Analysis of deaths seen among patients with Yusho – A preliminary report. Chemosphere (16):2085-8.

LaDou J. 2006. Occupational and Environmental Medicine.4th Ed. Appleton & Lange. Stamford, CT.

Langer P, Tajtakova M, Fodor G, et al. 1998. Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls. European Journal of Endocrinology 139(4):402-9.

Lawton RW, Ross MR, Feingold J, et al. 1985. Effects of PCB exposure on biochemical and hematological findings in capacitor workers. Environmental Health Perspectives 60:165-84.

Lester R, Schmid R, Lester R, et al. 1964. BILIRUBIN METABOLISM. New England Journal of Medicine 270:779-86.

Letz G. 1983. The toxicology of PCB’s–an overview for clinicians. Western Journal of Medicine 138(4):534-40.

Liljegren G, Hardell L, Lindstrom G, et al. 1998. Case-control study on breast cancer and adipose tissue concentrations of congener specific polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE and hexachlorobenzene. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 7(2):135-40.

Longnecker MP, Wolff MS, Gladen BC, et al. 2003. Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(1):65-70.

Loomis D, Browning SR, Schenck AP, et al. 1997. Cancer mortality among electric utility workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Occupational & Environmental Medicine 54(10):720-8.

Lunden A, Noren K, Lunden A, et al. 1998. Polychlorinated naphthalenes and other organochlorine contaminants in Swedish human milk, 1972-1992. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 34(4):414-23.

Luotamo M, Patterson DGJ, Needham LL, et al. 1993. Concentrations of PCB congeners in sera from workers with past and present exposure. Chemosphere 27(1-3):171-7.

Mallin K, McCann K, D’Aloisio A, et al. 2004. Cohort mortality study of capacitor manufacturing workers, 1944-2000. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 46(6):565-76.

Maroni M, Colombi A, Arbosti G, et al. 1981. Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical workers. II. Health effects. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 38(1):55-60.

Maroni M, Colombi A, Ferioli A, et al. 1984. Evaluation of porphyrinogenesis and enzyme induction in workers exposed to PCB. Medicina del Lavoro 75(3):188-99.

Matthews HB, Dedrick RL, Matthews HB, et al. 1984. Pharmacokinetics of PCBs. Annual Review of Pharmacology & Toxicology 24:85-103.

Mayes BA, McConnell EE, Neal BH, et al. 1998. Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260. Toxicological Sciences 41(1):62-76.

Meigs JW, Albom, J.J. , Kartin, B. 1954. I. Chloracne from an unusual exposure to Aroclor. J Am Med Assoc (154):1417-8.

Mendola P, Buck GM, Vena JE, et al. 1995. Consumption of PCB-contaminated sport fish and risk of spontaneous fetal death. Environmental Health Perspectives 103(5):498-502.

Mergler D, Belanger S, Larribe F, et al. 1998. Preliminary evidence of neurotoxicity associated with eating fish from the Upper St. Lawrence River Lakes. Neurotoxicology 19(4-5):691-702.

Nagayama J, Okamura K, Iida T, et al. 1998. Postnatal exposure to chlorinated dioxins and related chemicals on thyroid hormone status in Japanese breast-fed infants. Chemosphere 37(9-12):1789-93.

NIOSH. 1989. National occupational exposure survey as of 08/29/89. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 134, 142, 184.

IOSH. 2005. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/).

[NIOSH] National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, [updated 2013 August 05; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg.

[NTP] National Toxicology Program. Report on carcinogens. Twelfth Edition. Washington DC [updated 2011; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf [PDF – 7.22 MB].

[OSHA] Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1998a. U.S. Department of Labor. Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR 1910.1000.

Osius N, Karmaus W, Kruse H, et al. 1999. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children. Environmental Health Perspectives 107(10):843-9.

Ouw HK, Simpson GR, Siyali DS, et al. 1976. Use and health effects of Aroclor 1242, a polychlorinated biphenyl, in an electrical industry. Archives of Environmental Health 31(4):189-94.

Patterson DG, Jr., Turner WE, Caudill SP, et al. 2008. Total TEQ reference range (PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, mono-PCBs) for the US population 2001-2002. Chemosphere 73(1 Suppl):S261-77.

Phillips DL, Smith AB, Burse VW, et al. 1989. Half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls in occupationally exposed workers. Archives of Environmental Health 44(6):351-4.

Ribas-Fito N, Sala M, Kogevinas M, et al. 2001. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurological development in children: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 55(8):537-46.

Robertson LW, Ludewig G. 2011. Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) carcinogenicity with special emphasis on airborne PCBs. Gefahrst Reinhalt Luft 71(1-2):25-32 [updated 2011 January; accessed 2014 February 1]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113507/.

Rocheleau CM, Bertke SJ, Deddens JA, et al. Maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and the secondary sex ratio: an occupational cohort study. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 10:2 [updated 2011 March 18; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://www.ehjournal.net/content/10/1/20.

Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, Rogan WJ, et al. 1985. Study of human lactation for effects of environmental contaminants: the North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula Project and some other ideas. Environmental Health Perspectives 60:215-21.

Ross G. 2004. The public health implications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety 59(3):275-91.

Rothman N, Cantor KP, Blair A, et al. 1997. A nested case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and serum organochlorine residues. Lancet 350(9073):240-4.

Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Hopf NB, et al. Mortality among 24,865 workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in three electrical capacitor manufacturing plants: a ten-year update. International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health 217(2-3):176-87 [updated 2014 March; accessed 2014 March 31]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463913000606.

Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Nilsen N, et al. 2006. Mortality among workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an electrical capacitor manufacturing plant in Indiana: an update. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(1):18-23.

Safe S. 1993. Toxicology, structure-function relationship, and human and environmental health impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls: progress and problems. Environmental Health Perspectives 100:259-68.

Safe SH. 2007. Environmental and Occupational Medicine. 4th ed. Rom, W.N. editor. Chapter 77: Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Schade G, Heinzow B, Schade G, et al. 1998. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk of mothers living in northern Germany: current extent of contamination, time trend from 1986 to 1997 and factors that influence the levels of contamination. Science of the Total Environment 215(1-2):31-9.

Schantz SL, Jacobson JL, Humphrey HE, et al. 1994. Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sera of mothers and children from Michigan farms with PCB-contaminated silos. Archives of Environmental Health 49(6):452-8.

Schantz SL, Widholm JJ, Rice DC, et al. 2003. Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(3):357-576.

Schecter A, Stanley J, Boggess K, et al. 1994. Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the tissues of exposed and nonexposed humans. Environmental Health Perspectives 102 Suppl 1:149-58.

Schecter AJ and Charles K. 1991. The Binghamton state office building transformer incident after one decade. Chemosphere (23):1307-21.

Silver SR, Whelan EA, Deddens JA, et al. Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of breast cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 117(2):276-82 [updated 2009 February; accessed 2014 February 01]. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/222660509/abstract?accountid=26724.

Sinks T, Steele G, Smith AB, et al. 1992. Mortality among workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. American Journal of Epidemiology 136(4):389-98.

Smith AB, Schloemer J, Lowry LK, et al. 1982. Metabolic and health consequences of occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 39(4):361-9.

Steele G, Stehr-Green P, Welty E, et al. 1986. Estimates of the biologic half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum. New England Journal of Medicine 314(14):926-7.

Stehr-Green PA, Welty E, Burse VW, et al. 1988. Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls at toxic waste sites: investigations in the United States. Archives of Environmental Health 43(6):420-4.

Svensson BG, Hallberg T, Nilsson A, et al. 1994. Parameters of immunological competence in subjects with high consumption of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 65(6):351-8.

Swain WR and Swain WR. 1991. Effects of organochlorine chemicals on the reproductive outcome of humans who consumed contaminated Great Lakes fish: an epidemiologic consideration. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health 33(4):587-639.

Unger M, Kiaer H, Blichert-Toft M, et al. 1984. Organochlorine compounds in human breast fat from deceased with and without breast cancer and in a biopsy material from newly diagnosed patients undergoing breast surgery. Environmental Research 34(1):24-8.

Warshaw R, Fischbein A, Thornton J, et al. 1979. Decrease in vital capacity in PCB-exposed workers in a capacitor manufacturing facility. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 320:277-83.

Wassermann M, Nogueira DP, Tomatis L, et al. 1976. Organochlorine compounds in neoplastic and adjacent apparently normal breast tissue. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 15(4):478-84.

Welsh MS. 1995. Extraction and gas chromatography/electron capture analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in railcar paint scrapings. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 10(3):175-81.

Wester RC, Bucks DA, Maibach HI, et al. 1983. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): dermal absorption, systemic elimination, and dermal wash efficiency. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health 12(4-6):511-9.

Wester RC, Maibach HI, Sedik L, et al. 1993. Percutaneous absorption of PCBs from soil: in vivo rhesus monkey, in vitro human skin, and binding to powdered human stratum corneum. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health 39(3):375-82.

Wolff MS. 1985. Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environmental Health Perspectives 60:133-8.

Yakushiji T, Watanabe I, Kuwabara K, et al. 1978. Long-term studies of the excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through the mother’s milk of an occupationally exposed worker. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 7(4):493-504.

Yang CY, Yu ML, Guo HR, et al. The endocrine and reproductive function of the female Yucheng adolescents prenatally exposed to PCBs/PCDFs. Chemosphere 61(3):355-60 [updated 2005 October; accessed 2014 February 1]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653505003838.